Therapists in Alexandria, VA

View neighborhoods in Alexandria
Photo of Melanie K Flossman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Melanie K Flossman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MPA
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
I am a solution focused therapist who works with primarily adults. I am a clinician with Over The Rainbow , a practice that specializes in trauma informed care in beautiful Old Town Alexandria. My approach is eclectic and specifically tailored to the needs of each individual client. It is a journey we take together.
I am a solution focused therapist who works with primarily adults. I am a clinician with Over The Rainbow , a practice that specializes in trauma informed care in beautiful Old Town Alexandria. My approach is eclectic and specifically tailored to the needs of each individual client. It is a journey we take together.
(703) 505-2674 View (703) 505-2674
Photo of Higher Life Pathways Counseling Services , Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Higher Life Pathways Counseling Services
Counselor, Dr, Dinelly, Holder, LPC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
Feeling stressed? Experiencing high anxiety or tired of stress? Sometimes it can be difficult to overcome stressors and anxieties on our own. If you are having difficulties handling life stressors, there are ways to overcome and alleviate what you are going through. We will begin with the problem, then strategies to resolve your issue, then you will learn how to solve a variety of stressful issues in your life. If you are committed to lowering stress and anxiety levels in your life, CLICK on our website to request an appointment. Additionally, you can contact us thru text/phone at 571.946.8115 or info@higherlifepathways.com
Feeling stressed? Experiencing high anxiety or tired of stress? Sometimes it can be difficult to overcome stressors and anxieties on our own. If you are having difficulties handling life stressors, there are ways to overcome and alleviate what you are going through. We will begin with the problem, then strategies to resolve your issue, then you will learn how to solve a variety of stressful issues in your life. If you are committed to lowering stress and anxiety levels in your life, CLICK on our website to request an appointment. Additionally, you can contact us thru text/phone at 571.946.8115 or info@higherlifepathways.com
(571) 458-1428 View (571) 458-1428
Photo of Cherie Taylor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Cherie Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
Congratulations on making a commitment to invest in your growth and positive life changes! Therapy isn't always easy, but if you are willing to do the work, I can provide the tools needed to help you be your best self. I have dedicated my professional career to helping people help themselves through life's biggest challenges. I have experience working with teens and adults in obtaining and maintaining every facet of healthy living. I adhere to a strengths-based, CBT approach that is client-centered and solution-focused.
Congratulations on making a commitment to invest in your growth and positive life changes! Therapy isn't always easy, but if you are willing to do the work, I can provide the tools needed to help you be your best self. I have dedicated my professional career to helping people help themselves through life's biggest challenges. I have experience working with teens and adults in obtaining and maintaining every facet of healthy living. I adhere to a strengths-based, CBT approach that is client-centered and solution-focused.
(571) 496-9740 View (571) 496-9740
Photo of Maxine Iida, Resident in Counseling in Alexandria, VA
Maxine Iida
Resident in Counseling, BS, MA, LPC-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
You want to live a full life but feel that anxiety, depression, or you past are getting in the way. You struggle with trying to make everything happen in day-to-day life, but feel depleted and stressed. Life has many ups and downs, and perfectionism or unrealistic expectations can rob us of the joy in the moment. Therapy can provide a space to become clear on what you want from life and can provide tools to begin living out those values today!
You want to live a full life but feel that anxiety, depression, or you past are getting in the way. You struggle with trying to make everything happen in day-to-day life, but feel depleted and stressed. Life has many ups and downs, and perfectionism or unrealistic expectations can rob us of the joy in the moment. Therapy can provide a space to become clear on what you want from life and can provide tools to begin living out those values today!
(540) 845-6940 x1 View (540) 845-6940 x1
Photo of Pearl Vitality Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Pearl Vitality Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304
My main focus is relationship/ couples therapy. I have extensive experience working with individuals across the life span, couples, families and groups from various backgrounds i.e cultures and age groups with a wide range of psychosocial stressors with areas of focus, including but not limited to, testing for ADHD, marital/ relationship conflicts, divorce, mental health, eating disorders, substance abuse, domestic violence, maturational stress, military lifestyle, interpersonal/intrapersonal conflicts, suicidal ideations, grief and loss, child/adult abuse, parent child -relational issues.
My main focus is relationship/ couples therapy. I have extensive experience working with individuals across the life span, couples, families and groups from various backgrounds i.e cultures and age groups with a wide range of psychosocial stressors with areas of focus, including but not limited to, testing for ADHD, marital/ relationship conflicts, divorce, mental health, eating disorders, substance abuse, domestic violence, maturational stress, military lifestyle, interpersonal/intrapersonal conflicts, suicidal ideations, grief and loss, child/adult abuse, parent child -relational issues.
(571) 322-8293 View (571) 322-8293
Photo of Harley Jones, Resident in Counseling in Alexandria, VA
Harley Jones
Resident in Counseling, MA, MEd, NCC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
In therapy and beyond, I believe in the power of self-expression to help us grow and experience the best that life has to offer. I see therapy as a place to better get to know ourselves, process experiences and emotions, and hear a different perspective about challenges that we may struggle to see clearly. Therapy can be many things: a place to clarify our identity, strengthen communication skills, change habits, or support mindfulness in our everyday lives.
In therapy and beyond, I believe in the power of self-expression to help us grow and experience the best that life has to offer. I see therapy as a place to better get to know ourselves, process experiences and emotions, and hear a different perspective about challenges that we may struggle to see clearly. Therapy can be many things: a place to clarify our identity, strengthen communication skills, change habits, or support mindfulness in our everyday lives.
(540) 845-6940 x1 View (540) 845-6940 x1
Photo of Each One Reach One, Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Each One Reach One
Counselor, PsyD, LPC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304
Not accepting new clients
My ideal client is someone that has an area of their life that is causing them some angst and they would like to openly and honestly discuss this area and identify ways of resolving this issue or at least living more comfortably with it. The client is willing to have consistent dialogue about how to improve this area of their life and is willing to try new ideas and/or behaviors suggested during therapy within their daily life.
My ideal client is someone that has an area of their life that is causing them some angst and they would like to openly and honestly discuss this area and identify ways of resolving this issue or at least living more comfortably with it. The client is willing to have consistent dialogue about how to improve this area of their life and is willing to try new ideas and/or behaviors suggested during therapy within their daily life.
(571) 200-7657 View (571) 200-7657
Photo of Julie Eill, Psychologist in Alexandria, VA
Julie Eill
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
I enjoy consulting with adolescents, adults, and couples, and specialize in treating first-time mothers. As a new patient and I develop a way of working together, I focus on building a connection, shaping goals and symptom relief. While I address these immediate issues, I am also thinking more globally about what these particular experiences mean for this particular person. My style is both conversational and collaborative, and I tend to switch back and forth between a close-in, practical approach toward symptoms and dilemmas, and a wider view, to help patients make more permanent changes in their lives.
I enjoy consulting with adolescents, adults, and couples, and specialize in treating first-time mothers. As a new patient and I develop a way of working together, I focus on building a connection, shaping goals and symptom relief. While I address these immediate issues, I am also thinking more globally about what these particular experiences mean for this particular person. My style is both conversational and collaborative, and I tend to switch back and forth between a close-in, practical approach toward symptoms and dilemmas, and a wider view, to help patients make more permanent changes in their lives.
(703) 634-4740 View (703) 634-4740
Photo of Anna Clay Bailey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Anna Clay Bailey
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CSAC
Verified Verified
12 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
I understand that reaching out to schedule the initial therapy session can be intimidating. For this reason, my priority in session is to provide a safe and confidential therapeutic space for my clients in which they can share their challenges and feel heard and understood. My counseling experience includes assisting individuals with life transitions, anxiety, communication skills, depression, stress management, relationship difficulties, and addictive behaviors. I have worked in a variety of settings, including private practice, hospice care, mental health agencies, schools, and out-patient substance abuse treatment settings.
I understand that reaching out to schedule the initial therapy session can be intimidating. For this reason, my priority in session is to provide a safe and confidential therapeutic space for my clients in which they can share their challenges and feel heard and understood. My counseling experience includes assisting individuals with life transitions, anxiety, communication skills, depression, stress management, relationship difficulties, and addictive behaviors. I have worked in a variety of settings, including private practice, hospice care, mental health agencies, schools, and out-patient substance abuse treatment settings.
(703) 997-2560 x250 View (703) 997-2560 x250
Photo of Alexandra Berger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Alexandra Berger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304
I'm Alex (she/her/hers). Embarking on the journey with a new therapist can understandably be stressful, regardless of prior therapy experience. So, commend yourself for prioritizing your mental well-being. It takes courage to seek assistance and engage in self-reflection & I'm honored to accompany you on this path. With over four years of professional experience across diverse settings—ranging from inpatient and outpatient facilities to crisis call centers—I've supported individuals navigating challenges including substance use disorders, depression, anxiety, trauma, eating disorders, acute mental illnesses, and crises.
I'm Alex (she/her/hers). Embarking on the journey with a new therapist can understandably be stressful, regardless of prior therapy experience. So, commend yourself for prioritizing your mental well-being. It takes courage to seek assistance and engage in self-reflection & I'm honored to accompany you on this path. With over four years of professional experience across diverse settings—ranging from inpatient and outpatient facilities to crisis call centers—I've supported individuals navigating challenges including substance use disorders, depression, anxiety, trauma, eating disorders, acute mental illnesses, and crises.
(703) 372-9240 x1 View (703) 372-9240 x1
Photo of Rebecca J. Peterson, Ph.D., Psychologist in Alexandria, VA
Rebecca J. Peterson, Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Not accepting new clients
If you want to improve how you feel or are having difficulty achieving your goals, participating in psychotherapy might be able to help you. I provide individual and group psychotherapy in a supportive and confidential environment. Treatment is designed to help you develop and implement skills and strategies that will assist you in making positive changes in your life. Treatment plans are developed collaboratively and are tailored to help you achieve your desired treatment and personal goals.
If you want to improve how you feel or are having difficulty achieving your goals, participating in psychotherapy might be able to help you. I provide individual and group psychotherapy in a supportive and confidential environment. Treatment is designed to help you develop and implement skills and strategies that will assist you in making positive changes in your life. Treatment plans are developed collaboratively and are tailored to help you achieve your desired treatment and personal goals.
(703) 270-0832 View (703) 270-0832
Photo of Edward Michael Andrews, Marriage & Family Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Edward Michael Andrews
Marriage & Family Therapist, LPC, LMFT, MAC, CCMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
I am licensed psychotherapist with more than twenty years of experience working with adults and adolescents offering counseling and therapy for a variety of issues to a diverse client base in Virginia and Washington, DC. I provide treatment for individuals, couples and families, and lead a number of therapy groups. My work combines cognitive behavioral techniques with other effective and evidence-based therapies, such as DBT, to help you to actualize your strengths and manage your behaviors in a safe, supportive and solution-focused context. I have extensive experience working with life's transitions, aging, illness, and loss and grief, particularly with the LGBT community.
I am licensed psychotherapist with more than twenty years of experience working with adults and adolescents offering counseling and therapy for a variety of issues to a diverse client base in Virginia and Washington, DC. I provide treatment for individuals, couples and families, and lead a number of therapy groups. My work combines cognitive behavioral techniques with other effective and evidence-based therapies, such as DBT, to help you to actualize your strengths and manage your behaviors in a safe, supportive and solution-focused context. I have extensive experience working with life's transitions, aging, illness, and loss and grief, particularly with the LGBT community.
(703) 401-1424 View (703) 401-1424
Photo of Camilla Hendren, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Camilla Hendren
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
Do you want to cultivate self-compassion? Improve your relationships, set healthy boundaries and be more assertive? I can help you! Get relief from depression, anxiety, ADHD, and past trauma. Awaken to your own insights, get in touch with your feelings, and practice acceptance of difficult situations. I can guide you on how to unhook from unhelpful thoughts/patterns and reframe/shift your perspective. We can explore effective coping skills, techniques for relaxation and how to get organized and motivated. Let’s reconnect with your values and rediscover what is meaningful to you.
Do you want to cultivate self-compassion? Improve your relationships, set healthy boundaries and be more assertive? I can help you! Get relief from depression, anxiety, ADHD, and past trauma. Awaken to your own insights, get in touch with your feelings, and practice acceptance of difficult situations. I can guide you on how to unhook from unhelpful thoughts/patterns and reframe/shift your perspective. We can explore effective coping skills, techniques for relaxation and how to get organized and motivated. Let’s reconnect with your values and rediscover what is meaningful to you.
(703) 810-7065 View (703) 810-7065
Photo of Heather Wydra, Pre-Licensed Professional in Alexandria, VA
Heather Wydra
Pre-Licensed Professional, JD, BS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Whether you are struggling with a specific issue or simply want insight into how you operate, I’m here to help. Often, a life transition brings people to therapy. Even transitions we choose—like starting college, a new relationship, or changing careers—can be stressful. If the transition is unexpected, like getting fired or facing a sudden health crisis, the impact may be profound. Together, we will work through the emotions and uncertainty that all transitions bring so that you can move forward with new insight and strength.
Whether you are struggling with a specific issue or simply want insight into how you operate, I’m here to help. Often, a life transition brings people to therapy. Even transitions we choose—like starting college, a new relationship, or changing careers—can be stressful. If the transition is unexpected, like getting fired or facing a sudden health crisis, the impact may be profound. Together, we will work through the emotions and uncertainty that all transitions bring so that you can move forward with new insight and strength.
(703) 454-5892 x1 View (703) 454-5892 x1
Photo of Elisa Nebolsine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Elisa Nebolsine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22301
Waitlist for new clients
Relationships, past traumas, and the stories we tell ourselves shape our emotions and actions. I focus on forming genuine connections with my clients to ensure they feel truly heard and seen. Together, we explore the deeper meaning behind your experiences, address emotional hurdles, and highlight your strengths to build a life that feels better.
Relationships, past traumas, and the stories we tell ourselves shape our emotions and actions. I focus on forming genuine connections with my clients to ensure they feel truly heard and seen. Together, we explore the deeper meaning behind your experiences, address emotional hurdles, and highlight your strengths to build a life that feels better.
(571) 600-6707 View (571) 600-6707
Photo of David Lyons, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
David Lyons
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW, LCSW-C, BCD
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
As a Clinical Social Worker, I have provided counseling services within various agencies since 2002. My work is focused on enhancing the emotional well-being of those who are experiencing combat trauma, grief and loss, domestic violence, PTSD, anxiety, depression, and childhood trauma. My training has afforded me with the opportunity to assist individuals and families with establishing a foundation for the long-term management of their mental health needs.
As a Clinical Social Worker, I have provided counseling services within various agencies since 2002. My work is focused on enhancing the emotional well-being of those who are experiencing combat trauma, grief and loss, domestic violence, PTSD, anxiety, depression, and childhood trauma. My training has afforded me with the opportunity to assist individuals and families with establishing a foundation for the long-term management of their mental health needs.
(703) 337-3094 View (703) 337-3094
Photo of Lauren Fuller, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Lauren Fuller
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
I enjoy working with clients of all ages to address challenges such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, life transitions, emotional regulation, and self-esteem. I use a variety of treatment approaches in my therapeutic practice to include: Mindfulness, Play Therapy, Strengths-based, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure and Response Prevention, trauma-informed and person-centered care.
I enjoy working with clients of all ages to address challenges such as anxiety, depression, ADHD, life transitions, emotional regulation, and self-esteem. I use a variety of treatment approaches in my therapeutic practice to include: Mindfulness, Play Therapy, Strengths-based, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Exposure and Response Prevention, trauma-informed and person-centered care.
(703) 783-0142 View (703) 783-0142
Photo of Bianca Quiles, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Bianca Quiles
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22304  (Online Only)
“You gain strength, courage and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face… You must do the thing you think you cannot do.” - Eleanor Roosevelt. As a dedicated Licensed Professional Counselor with over 8 years of experience, my primary goal is to provide individuals with an environment that nurtures authenticity and personal growth. Clients seeking my guidance desire to be challenged and to actively work towards tangible, transformative goals. I aim to address the potential challenges of therapy with transparency and safety essential for self-exploration.
“You gain strength, courage and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face… You must do the thing you think you cannot do.” - Eleanor Roosevelt. As a dedicated Licensed Professional Counselor with over 8 years of experience, my primary goal is to provide individuals with an environment that nurtures authenticity and personal growth. Clients seeking my guidance desire to be challenged and to actively work towards tangible, transformative goals. I aim to address the potential challenges of therapy with transparency and safety essential for self-exploration.
(571) 520-3919 View (571) 520-3919
Photo of Dr. Jeanne M. Miller, Psychologist in Alexandria, VA
Dr. Jeanne M. Miller
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
Finding the right therapist can feel like an exhausting search. If you are depressed, anxious, troubled in your relationships, coping with grief, struggling with past or current trauma, feeling hopeless or angry, or just trying to understand yourself better, I'm here to help. I believe we all have the answers we need inside us, but sometimes it takes working with a neutral observer to find those answers. Together you and I will work toward increased understanding of and ways to cope with whatever problems you would like to discuss. Therapy isn't necessarily easy, but it can help.
Finding the right therapist can feel like an exhausting search. If you are depressed, anxious, troubled in your relationships, coping with grief, struggling with past or current trauma, feeling hopeless or angry, or just trying to understand yourself better, I'm here to help. I believe we all have the answers we need inside us, but sometimes it takes working with a neutral observer to find those answers. Together you and I will work toward increased understanding of and ways to cope with whatever problems you would like to discuss. Therapy isn't necessarily easy, but it can help.
(703) 997-6777 View (703) 997-6777
Photo of Kayla Jackson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Kayla Jackson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304
I'm Kayla Jackson, a dedicated Clinical Social Worker based in Virginia, driven by a deep passion for empowering individuals to help themselves. My goal is to be a steadfast support as you embark on your journey toward positive change, offering honest feedback, effective strategies, and a nurturing environment for your personal growth. Throughout my career, I've gained extensive experience in diverse settings such as intensive outpatient programs, residential facilities, child welfare services, and intensive in-home support.
I'm Kayla Jackson, a dedicated Clinical Social Worker based in Virginia, driven by a deep passion for empowering individuals to help themselves. My goal is to be a steadfast support as you embark on your journey toward positive change, offering honest feedback, effective strategies, and a nurturing environment for your personal growth. Throughout my career, I've gained extensive experience in diverse settings such as intensive outpatient programs, residential facilities, child welfare services, and intensive in-home support.
(571) 601-3209 View (571) 601-3209

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Alexandria, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Alexandria, VA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
91% Depression
80% Self Esteem
76% Stress
75% Relationship Issues
74% Coping Skills
70% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% Cigna and Evernorth
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Alexandria, VA see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Alexandria?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.