Therapists in Milwaukee, WI

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Photo of Catherine C Loomis, Psychologist in Milwaukee, WI
Catherine C Loomis
Psychologist, PhD, CBSM
Verified Verified
Milwaukee, WI 53226
Not accepting new clients
I specialize in the field of behavioral sleep medicine. I work exclusively with those who have sleep problems. I offer cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia, a treatment recommended by groups such as the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. I also work with people who have chronic nightmares or difficulty adjusting to their PAP treatment for sleep apnea. Some of my patients have problems with their circadian rhythm. For example, they struggle with shift work, or they are extreme "night owls" and have difficulty getting up for work or school.
I specialize in the field of behavioral sleep medicine. I work exclusively with those who have sleep problems. I offer cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia, a treatment recommended by groups such as the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. I also work with people who have chronic nightmares or difficulty adjusting to their PAP treatment for sleep apnea. Some of my patients have problems with their circadian rhythm. For example, they struggle with shift work, or they are extreme "night owls" and have difficulty getting up for work or school.
(414) 376-6564 View (414) 376-6564
Photo of Ajay R Wadhwa, Psychologist in Milwaukee, WI
Ajay R Wadhwa
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Milwaukee, WI 53202
I am a clinical psychologist licensed for independent practice in the State of Wisconsin. My office is conveniently located in Downtown Milwaukee, and I work primarily with adult individuals who are interested in psychotherapy. I also have affiliations with nurse practitioners within our clinic for those who may be interested in medication as a treatment option to supplement their therapy.
I am a clinical psychologist licensed for independent practice in the State of Wisconsin. My office is conveniently located in Downtown Milwaukee, and I work primarily with adult individuals who are interested in psychotherapy. I also have affiliations with nurse practitioners within our clinic for those who may be interested in medication as a treatment option to supplement their therapy.
(414) 376-6041 View (414) 376-6041
Photo of Colleen Donaldson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Colleen Donaldson
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, BC-DMT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milwaukee, WI 53212
Painful & confusing experiences may leave you feeling depleted and hopeless, but life can be better than you imagine is possible. Some of the issues that we can work through are feelings of hopelessness, overwhelm, fear, anxiety, lack of meaning in life, unusual beliefs that scare you, paranoia, & hearing unwelcome voices. Recovery from depression & extreme states, often known as catatonia, mania, or psychosis is possible on your terms. Through personal experience & learning from others, I've come to see that distressing experiences are often filled with opportunities for growth and healing.
Painful & confusing experiences may leave you feeling depleted and hopeless, but life can be better than you imagine is possible. Some of the issues that we can work through are feelings of hopelessness, overwhelm, fear, anxiety, lack of meaning in life, unusual beliefs that scare you, paranoia, & hearing unwelcome voices. Recovery from depression & extreme states, often known as catatonia, mania, or psychosis is possible on your terms. Through personal experience & learning from others, I've come to see that distressing experiences are often filled with opportunities for growth and healing.
(414) 436-2913 View (414) 436-2913
Photo of Mary Hanson, Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Mary Hanson
Counselor, MS, LPC-IT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Waitlist for new clients
My goal as a therapist is to work collaboratively with clients to create meaningful change. I believe that complex intersections of identity shape our lived experiences, and I strive to create a therapeutic experience wherein clients feel seen, heard, and respected as unique individuals. I have experience working with young adults facing a variety of challenges pertaining to school, major life transitions, and mental health. I have worked with individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, ADHD, adjustment disorder, grief, and low self-esteem. I currently work with adults of all ages.
My goal as a therapist is to work collaboratively with clients to create meaningful change. I believe that complex intersections of identity shape our lived experiences, and I strive to create a therapeutic experience wherein clients feel seen, heard, and respected as unique individuals. I have experience working with young adults facing a variety of challenges pertaining to school, major life transitions, and mental health. I have worked with individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, ADHD, adjustment disorder, grief, and low self-esteem. I currently work with adults of all ages.
(414) 662-9328 x513 View (414) 662-9328 x513
Photo of Robert Gilbert, Licensed Professional Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Robert Gilbert
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Not accepting new clients
My approach to psychotherapy is reflective, curious, and non-judgmental. First and foremost, my job is to listen to you in ways that help you understand yourself, your experiences, and your relationships more deeply. You may be feeling anxious, depressed, overwhelmed, unfulfilled, disconnected from loved ones, uncertain about the future, or you may simply have a general feeling that something is off for you.
My approach to psychotherapy is reflective, curious, and non-judgmental. First and foremost, my job is to listen to you in ways that help you understand yourself, your experiences, and your relationships more deeply. You may be feeling anxious, depressed, overwhelmed, unfulfilled, disconnected from loved ones, uncertain about the future, or you may simply have a general feeling that something is off for you.
(414) 296-6746 View (414) 296-6746
Photo of Vanessa Minor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Vanessa Minor
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CSAC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Milwaukee, WI 53225
I empower individuals to better manage their lives by helping them identify and restructure boundaries within relationships, work, hobbies/interests, and other obligations. We achieve this through assertiveness, self compassion, and esteem/confidence building. Together, we’ll discover what’s been getting in the way of you being the best version of yourself.
I empower individuals to better manage their lives by helping them identify and restructure boundaries within relationships, work, hobbies/interests, and other obligations. We achieve this through assertiveness, self compassion, and esteem/confidence building. Together, we’ll discover what’s been getting in the way of you being the best version of yourself.
(262) 747-2480 View (262) 747-2480
Photo of AMRI Counseling Services, Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
AMRI Counseling Services
Counselor, PhD, DSW, LPC, CSAC, CTTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milwaukee, WI 53216
Providing Quality Mental Health Counseling, Alcohol and Drug Counseling, medical/medication services, pharmacy services, and family support services such as housing, daily living skills, educational/ academic services, parenting and nurturing to children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. ***We accept most ALL insurances and private pay*** Call us at 414-455-3879 or email us at clinic@amricounseling.com to schedule an appointment.
Providing Quality Mental Health Counseling, Alcohol and Drug Counseling, medical/medication services, pharmacy services, and family support services such as housing, daily living skills, educational/ academic services, parenting and nurturing to children, adolescents, adults, couples and families. ***We accept most ALL insurances and private pay*** Call us at 414-455-3879 or email us at clinic@amricounseling.com to schedule an appointment.
(414) 501-7312 x801 View (414) 501-7312 x801
Photo of Steven Petrie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Milwaukee, WI
Steven Petrie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Milwaukee, WI 53207
Steven has more than thirty-five years of clinical experience treating children, adolescents, families and adults with a specialization in children, adolescents and families. Areas of expertise include attention deficit disorder, depression, grief, anxiety, and school-related problems. He enjoys working with families and believes that parents need to be an integral part of the treatment process. Mr. Petrie works collaboratively with his patients to develop treatment goals that capitalize on their strengths and to develop solutions for the problems they bring to therapy.
Steven has more than thirty-five years of clinical experience treating children, adolescents, families and adults with a specialization in children, adolescents and families. Areas of expertise include attention deficit disorder, depression, grief, anxiety, and school-related problems. He enjoys working with families and believes that parents need to be an integral part of the treatment process. Mr. Petrie works collaboratively with his patients to develop treatment goals that capitalize on their strengths and to develop solutions for the problems they bring to therapy.
(414) 348-4651 View (414) 348-4651
Photo of Mark Hirschmann, Marriage & Family Therapist in Milwaukee, WI
Mark Hirschmann
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Milwaukee, WI 53217
Do you miss the closeness you once had? Are the pressures of Covid-19 stressing your relationships? Afraid divorce may be on the horizon? I can help you regain a close loving relationship. Learn how to resolve conflicts peacefully and effectively, even when strong emotions are involved.
Do you miss the closeness you once had? Are the pressures of Covid-19 stressing your relationships? Afraid divorce may be on the horizon? I can help you regain a close loving relationship. Learn how to resolve conflicts peacefully and effectively, even when strong emotions are involved.
(414) 616-7367 View (414) 616-7367
Photo of Emily Orser, Licensed Professional Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Emily Orser
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Milwaukee, WI 53211  (Online Only)
I strive to provide a place of safety and security for those seeking emotional and mental wellness by building meaningful relationships with my clients. I enjoy working with trauma survivors while they find a new way of living with their past. I like to look at a person from a system perspective. What system (family or otherwise) did you grow up with? What does that look like now? What changes can you make in your system to create healthier boundaries and more meaningful relationships? Other experience: anxiety, depression, grief. Adults and Couples. Youth considered with family involvement (15+ preferred). I offer telehealth only.
I strive to provide a place of safety and security for those seeking emotional and mental wellness by building meaningful relationships with my clients. I enjoy working with trauma survivors while they find a new way of living with their past. I like to look at a person from a system perspective. What system (family or otherwise) did you grow up with? What does that look like now? What changes can you make in your system to create healthier boundaries and more meaningful relationships? Other experience: anxiety, depression, grief. Adults and Couples. Youth considered with family involvement (15+ preferred). I offer telehealth only.
(262) 205-6795 View (262) 205-6795
Photo of Aasiyah Clark, Licensed Professional Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Aasiyah Clark
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Milwaukee, WI 53226  (Online Only)
From the outside, you seem to have it all together. You work really hard on the details, after all, you are responsible for everyone and everything. But you can’t shake the voice inside your head which screams you’re failing. Even though you put everyone’s needs in front of your own, you feel like you’re falling short as a mom. You can’t even remember what your hobbies are, let alone what really makes you happy. You’ve had enough, you don’t think you can keep holding it together.
From the outside, you seem to have it all together. You work really hard on the details, after all, you are responsible for everyone and everything. But you can’t shake the voice inside your head which screams you’re failing. Even though you put everyone’s needs in front of your own, you feel like you’re falling short as a mom. You can’t even remember what your hobbies are, let alone what really makes you happy. You’ve had enough, you don’t think you can keep holding it together.
(281) 666-2898 View (281) 666-2898
Photo of Jacquelyn Nasby, Licensed Professional Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Jacquelyn Nasby
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Milwaukee, WI 53226  (Online Only)
Jacquelyn utilizes eclectic and collaborative methods in counseling, approaching clients’ needs from emotional, mental, physical, and spiritual lenses. With a passion for art and music, she encourages the use of creative expression in conjunction with cognitive behavioral therapy, providing an environment for clients to be heard on both verbal and non-verbal platforms. She takes a humanistic approach, working along with clients to engage them in treatment and create individualized plans to reach their goals.
Jacquelyn utilizes eclectic and collaborative methods in counseling, approaching clients’ needs from emotional, mental, physical, and spiritual lenses. With a passion for art and music, she encourages the use of creative expression in conjunction with cognitive behavioral therapy, providing an environment for clients to be heard on both verbal and non-verbal platforms. She takes a humanistic approach, working along with clients to engage them in treatment and create individualized plans to reach their goals.
(414) 667-7009 View (414) 667-7009
Photo of Michelle Elert, Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Michelle Elert
Counselor, MS, LPC, SAC-IT
Verified Verified
Milwaukee, WI 53208
Waitlist for new clients
I am passionate about working with clients who are impacted by substance use and mood disorders. I believe in taking a holistic approach to counseling. Understanding how the mind and body work together to impact physical and mental health as part of recovery, is a key component of the work I do with clients. As well as, identifying how our thoughts impact our feelings and behaviors. I believe in collaborating with clients on their recovery journey in order to help you discover your best self.
I am passionate about working with clients who are impacted by substance use and mood disorders. I believe in taking a holistic approach to counseling. Understanding how the mind and body work together to impact physical and mental health as part of recovery, is a key component of the work I do with clients. As well as, identifying how our thoughts impact our feelings and behaviors. I believe in collaborating with clients on their recovery journey in order to help you discover your best self.
(414) 240-4490 View (414) 240-4490
Photo of Julie Abdullah, Licensed Professional Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Julie Abdullah
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Are you starting to wonder if what you feel is "normal"? Maybe anxiety is getting to the point where it is an exhausting, everyday occurrence, and you'd like to get back in control of your life. Everyone struggles with overwhelming situations and emotions from time to time, and I am a firm believer that no obstacle you are facing right now is too big to tackle. As your therapist, I will use practical strategies that will guide you in your journey of empowerment and assist with creating a strengthened sense of self. I will help you make sense of difficult experiences and guide you to the life you most want to live.
Are you starting to wonder if what you feel is "normal"? Maybe anxiety is getting to the point where it is an exhausting, everyday occurrence, and you'd like to get back in control of your life. Everyone struggles with overwhelming situations and emotions from time to time, and I am a firm believer that no obstacle you are facing right now is too big to tackle. As your therapist, I will use practical strategies that will guide you in your journey of empowerment and assist with creating a strengthened sense of self. I will help you make sense of difficult experiences and guide you to the life you most want to live.
(414) 404-3243 View (414) 404-3243
Photo of Alev Ildiz, Psychologist in Milwaukee, WI
Alev Ildiz
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Milwaukee, WI 53217  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Sometimes the way you relate to yourself and others no longer aligns with who you truly are, your values or how you envisioned your life. You may feel disconnected from yourself and others. You may feel anxious or misunderstood, and start to question your worth or love. To cope, you wear a mask to hide parts of yourself, which creates feelings of tension within yourself and with others. What if you lived your life according to your values while accepting and expressing your genuine self? I create a judgement free, safe therapeutic space where you can explore, understand and find your authentic self.
Sometimes the way you relate to yourself and others no longer aligns with who you truly are, your values or how you envisioned your life. You may feel disconnected from yourself and others. You may feel anxious or misunderstood, and start to question your worth or love. To cope, you wear a mask to hide parts of yourself, which creates feelings of tension within yourself and with others. What if you lived your life according to your values while accepting and expressing your genuine self? I create a judgement free, safe therapeutic space where you can explore, understand and find your authentic self.
(262) 537-5458 View (262) 537-5458
Photo of Patricia A Aniakudo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Milwaukee, WI
Patricia A Aniakudo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LPC, LCSW, CSAC, ICS
Verified Verified
Milwaukee, WI 53213  (Online Only)
My name is Patricia Aniakudo. I have over 30 years of experience in the field and am happy to walk with you on your path as you develop and meet your goals. A little bit about me; I have Master’s in Clinical Psychology and a Master’s in Social Work. Over the years I have trained and specialized in multiple areas such as: gender specific treatment for women and men, filial (parent/child) therapy, trauma informed/trauma specific treatments including responding to and managing chronic community violence, Criminality, Violence in Families, Gambling, Addiction, Parenting & Co-Parenting. individuals/ families involved in multiple systems.
My name is Patricia Aniakudo. I have over 30 years of experience in the field and am happy to walk with you on your path as you develop and meet your goals. A little bit about me; I have Master’s in Clinical Psychology and a Master’s in Social Work. Over the years I have trained and specialized in multiple areas such as: gender specific treatment for women and men, filial (parent/child) therapy, trauma informed/trauma specific treatments including responding to and managing chronic community violence, Criminality, Violence in Families, Gambling, Addiction, Parenting & Co-Parenting. individuals/ families involved in multiple systems.
(414) 626-0624 View (414) 626-0624
Photo of Cecilia C Blancas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Milwaukee, WI
Cecilia C Blancas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Milwaukee, WI 53212
I am currently serving teens, young adults, and the young at heart. Collectively, these individuals search for coping skills, seek personal development, and an unbiased support designed for their corner of the world. They long for understanding and compassion, free from judgements and shame. They long for intimate relationships with their loved ones, the strive to reduce symptoms affecting their life, and to feel empowered to be agents of change.
I am currently serving teens, young adults, and the young at heart. Collectively, these individuals search for coping skills, seek personal development, and an unbiased support designed for their corner of the world. They long for understanding and compassion, free from judgements and shame. They long for intimate relationships with their loved ones, the strive to reduce symptoms affecting their life, and to feel empowered to be agents of change.
(414) 775-3522 View (414) 775-3522
Photo of Hannah Horsch, Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Hannah Horsch
Counselor, LPC-IT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milwaukee, WI 53207
“Perspective is the way we see things when we look at them from a certain distance, and it allows us to appreciate their true value.” -Rafael E. Pino. It takes courage to seek help when suffering and facing challenges in life. I strive to create a strong alliance with each person by fostering trust and open communication.
“Perspective is the way we see things when we look at them from a certain distance, and it allows us to appreciate their true value.” -Rafael E. Pino. It takes courage to seek help when suffering and facing challenges in life. I strive to create a strong alliance with each person by fostering trust and open communication.
(414) 441-2629 x53207 View (414) 441-2629 x53207
Photo of Rebekah Sandell, Licensed Professional Counselor in Milwaukee, WI
Rebekah Sandell
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milwaukee, WI 53202
Vulnerability is the strength that makes us humanly genuine. Through a non-judgmental and culturally sensitive lens, we will work together to uncover and build upon your resilience. I am here to empathically support your therapeutic journey and when you feel comfortable, I will gently challenge your preconceptions about yourself and the world around you. This is where growth happens. I encourage you to bring your fullest self to sessions, whatever that may entail, ie. humor, colorful language, creativity, authenticity…and I will do the same.
Vulnerability is the strength that makes us humanly genuine. Through a non-judgmental and culturally sensitive lens, we will work together to uncover and build upon your resilience. I am here to empathically support your therapeutic journey and when you feel comfortable, I will gently challenge your preconceptions about yourself and the world around you. This is where growth happens. I encourage you to bring your fullest self to sessions, whatever that may entail, ie. humor, colorful language, creativity, authenticity…and I will do the same.
(414) 441-4837 x510 View (414) 441-4837 x510
Photo of Sam Troemel, Marriage & Family Therapist in Milwaukee, WI
Sam Troemel
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Milwaukee, WI 53222  (Online Only)
I help queer and gender nonconforming partners feel more secure, intimate and connected. Whether you're struggling with communication, intimacy, or conflict, I can help you transform negative patterns, cultivate emotional safety, and foster a sense of belonging with each other. By emphasizing emotional presence, responsiveness, and engagement, I guide partners through the process of de-escalating conflict and creating a more secure attachment. This approach not only improves communication but also fosters a deeper understanding and appreciation of each other's needs and vulnerabilities.
I help queer and gender nonconforming partners feel more secure, intimate and connected. Whether you're struggling with communication, intimacy, or conflict, I can help you transform negative patterns, cultivate emotional safety, and foster a sense of belonging with each other. By emphasizing emotional presence, responsiveness, and engagement, I guide partners through the process of de-escalating conflict and creating a more secure attachment. This approach not only improves communication but also fosters a deeper understanding and appreciation of each other's needs and vulnerabilities.
(414) 736-7483 View (414) 736-7483

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Milwaukee, WI

800+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Milwaukee, WI who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
90% Depression
71% Trauma and PTSD
68% Relationship Issues
67% Self Esteem
63% Life Transitions
62% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% Aetna
72% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
62% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Milwaukee, WI see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Milwaukee?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.