Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of Parisa Julia Farrohi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Parisa Julia Farrohi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707
I am a bicultural psychotherapist with over 20 years of experience working with children, adults, and families. In addition to private practice, I have clinical experience in community based settings such as schools, mental health centers, foster/adoption care, and psychiatric hospitals. My therapeutic approach is relational trauma informed, rooted in Psycho Dynamic Theory, Dialectal Behavior therapy, Mindful Self-compassion (MSC), and Family Systems.
I am a bicultural psychotherapist with over 20 years of experience working with children, adults, and families. In addition to private practice, I have clinical experience in community based settings such as schools, mental health centers, foster/adoption care, and psychiatric hospitals. My therapeutic approach is relational trauma informed, rooted in Psycho Dynamic Theory, Dialectal Behavior therapy, Mindful Self-compassion (MSC), and Family Systems.
(510) 945-3953 View (510) 945-3953
Photo of Jennifer Smee, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Jennifer Smee
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94710
All life is a relationship. From our very first moments and onward, what happens in relationship teaches us about how to be in the world. We continually form certain core beliefs, ways of thinking, patterns of tension, and ways of moving our body that can be both healthy and limiting. Trauma, abuse, neglect, and other wounding contribute to how we form our relationship with the world and with ourselves. All of our past experiences have an impact on our present experience. Our day to day life can then be full of a sense of meaninglessness, emotional and physical pain, chronic anxiety, mistrust, or general unease.
All life is a relationship. From our very first moments and onward, what happens in relationship teaches us about how to be in the world. We continually form certain core beliefs, ways of thinking, patterns of tension, and ways of moving our body that can be both healthy and limiting. Trauma, abuse, neglect, and other wounding contribute to how we form our relationship with the world and with ourselves. All of our past experiences have an impact on our present experience. Our day to day life can then be full of a sense of meaninglessness, emotional and physical pain, chronic anxiety, mistrust, or general unease.
(415) 968-5381 View (415) 968-5381
Photo of Jonathan Howard, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Jonathan Howard
Psychologist, PsyD, CPCC
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
I work with adult individuals and couples from the Attachment Theory and evidence-based modalities of Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFT) and the Internal Family Systems (IFS) model. Couples can develop patterns of interacting that lead to frustrating arguments, immovable conflict and painful disconnection from each other. I help couples calm the fighting, move from stuck places, and shift those negative patterns into secure and loving connection. With couples, I work primarily from the evidence-based model of Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFT)
I work with adult individuals and couples from the Attachment Theory and evidence-based modalities of Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFT) and the Internal Family Systems (IFS) model. Couples can develop patterns of interacting that lead to frustrating arguments, immovable conflict and painful disconnection from each other. I help couples calm the fighting, move from stuck places, and shift those negative patterns into secure and loving connection. With couples, I work primarily from the evidence-based model of Emotionally Focused Couples Therapy (EFT)
(510) 214-0314 View (510) 214-0314
Photo of Orin Theodore Borders, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Orin Theodore Borders
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94708
I provide attachment-based Emotion Focused Therapy to couples and individuals. I commonly work with couples/individuals for over a year, sometimes much longer if the situation requires it. When working with couples, I commonly do a combination of couples meetings and individual meetings.
I provide attachment-based Emotion Focused Therapy to couples and individuals. I commonly work with couples/individuals for over a year, sometimes much longer if the situation requires it. When working with couples, I commonly do a combination of couples meetings and individual meetings.
(530) 731-5284 View (530) 731-5284
Photo of Mary C Walsh, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Mary C Walsh
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MTS, LMFT, DMin
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
I offer therapy for individuals, couples and families wanting to improve communication and develop more satisfying relationships. I have special experience in trauma and addiction. As a long-time practitioner, my approach has evolved to integrate contemporary psychology with mind/body techniques and research-based interventions. My goal is to provide a safe place, a compassionate presence, intelligent diagnosis, and concrete strategies to help my clients tap into and strengthen their own natural inner resources.
I offer therapy for individuals, couples and families wanting to improve communication and develop more satisfying relationships. I have special experience in trauma and addiction. As a long-time practitioner, my approach has evolved to integrate contemporary psychology with mind/body techniques and research-based interventions. My goal is to provide a safe place, a compassionate presence, intelligent diagnosis, and concrete strategies to help my clients tap into and strengthen their own natural inner resources.
(510) 417-3441 View (510) 417-3441
Photo of Amber Cooley, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Amber Cooley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702
I am a licensed psychotherapist providing holistic counseling to individuals and couples. In my practice I help people understand themselves better through a lens of curiosity, kindness and compassion. Through this exploration you will learn to access your inner strength and resources, helping you to live a richer and more fully expressed life. I create a safe and non judgmental space for you to do this important work.
I am a licensed psychotherapist providing holistic counseling to individuals and couples. In my practice I help people understand themselves better through a lens of curiosity, kindness and compassion. Through this exploration you will learn to access your inner strength and resources, helping you to live a richer and more fully expressed life. I create a safe and non judgmental space for you to do this important work.
(510) 246-3729 View (510) 246-3729
Photo of Helen Chao, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Helen Chao
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
Hello there - my name is Helen, and I am highly skilled in working with depression, anxiety, and stress. More specifically, I work with emotion dysregulation (fear, anger, sadness, dissociation; even personality disorders and complex PTSD). I am deeply curious and enjoy exploring and adventuring, which is reflected in the attentive and inclusive way I work as a therapist. At the same time, I am organized and structured, and am highly motivated to guide you in consistently working towards your treatment goals.
Hello there - my name is Helen, and I am highly skilled in working with depression, anxiety, and stress. More specifically, I work with emotion dysregulation (fear, anger, sadness, dissociation; even personality disorders and complex PTSD). I am deeply curious and enjoy exploring and adventuring, which is reflected in the attentive and inclusive way I work as a therapist. At the same time, I am organized and structured, and am highly motivated to guide you in consistently working towards your treatment goals.
(341) 895-6437 View (341) 895-6437
Photo of Bobino Counseling & Assessment, Licensed Educational Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Bobino Counseling & Assessment
Licensed Educational Psychologist, PsyD, LEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
Feeling anxious, overwhelmed, frustrated, or stuck? I can help you find ways to cope with uncomfortable feelings so that you can feel more balance in your daily life and more fulfilling relationships and experiences. Many of us rely on friends and family to help us work through problems, but sometimes our friends or family are part of the problem itself. Or maybe we just don't feel comfortable talking about certain issues with them. Oftentimes we withdraw from our support systems and end up feeling more and more alone.
Feeling anxious, overwhelmed, frustrated, or stuck? I can help you find ways to cope with uncomfortable feelings so that you can feel more balance in your daily life and more fulfilling relationships and experiences. Many of us rely on friends and family to help us work through problems, but sometimes our friends or family are part of the problem itself. Or maybe we just don't feel comfortable talking about certain issues with them. Oftentimes we withdraw from our support systems and end up feeling more and more alone.
(510) 544-7674 View (510) 544-7674
Photo of Maria-Paz Gonzalez Cordero, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Maria-Paz Gonzalez Cordero
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709
I know what it's like to feel lost on what to do when your inner critic gets cruel after those challenges come up. My own experiences have encouraged me to focus my professional work on helping people like yourself experience self-compassion, reconnect with your inner strength and build successful relationships during life transitions. I’m MariPaz, a bicultural and bilingual therapist living in California for the past 10 years. I specialize in working with people living abroad or far away from their village that are struggling with depression, anxiety, parenting issues and adjustment difficulties during life transitions.
I know what it's like to feel lost on what to do when your inner critic gets cruel after those challenges come up. My own experiences have encouraged me to focus my professional work on helping people like yourself experience self-compassion, reconnect with your inner strength and build successful relationships during life transitions. I’m MariPaz, a bicultural and bilingual therapist living in California for the past 10 years. I specialize in working with people living abroad or far away from their village that are struggling with depression, anxiety, parenting issues and adjustment difficulties during life transitions.
(341) 888-6107 View (341) 888-6107
Photo of Karen Yu, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Karen Yu
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
Are you feeling overwhelmed by all of the urgency of life's to-do list? I specialize in working with Asian American professionals who grew up with demanding parents who caused them to have their feelings neglected. This caused a lot of indecisiveness and striving to be hard on yourself. It is easy to be overwhelmed when your love ones seem to rub you the wrong way. As a first generation Chinese American raised in the Bay Area, I am culturally sensitive to how to heal the childhood wounding that occurred when you felt neglected by your parents. Isn't it time that you start knowing your own voice and return to self-approval?
Are you feeling overwhelmed by all of the urgency of life's to-do list? I specialize in working with Asian American professionals who grew up with demanding parents who caused them to have their feelings neglected. This caused a lot of indecisiveness and striving to be hard on yourself. It is easy to be overwhelmed when your love ones seem to rub you the wrong way. As a first generation Chinese American raised in the Bay Area, I am culturally sensitive to how to heal the childhood wounding that occurred when you felt neglected by your parents. Isn't it time that you start knowing your own voice and return to self-approval?
(341) 444-2227 View (341) 444-2227
Photo of Judy Kendall, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Judy Kendall
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, PPS-C
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707
Since 1991, I've counseled both those who have been hurting and those who have had healthy lives and wanted more; the juvenile offender and the diplomat; migrants or multi-generational Americans. Each individual was uniquely capable of compassion and love, each had his/her own times of strife, and each was capable of flourishing with warm support and a willing ear. My role is to ensure that the work done in the therapy room endures beyond our time together and fosters resilient, warm, supportive relationships indefinitely. I welcome all wanting to heal...to overcome obstacles to a rich, happy, peaceful, and love-filled life.
Since 1991, I've counseled both those who have been hurting and those who have had healthy lives and wanted more; the juvenile offender and the diplomat; migrants or multi-generational Americans. Each individual was uniquely capable of compassion and love, each had his/her own times of strife, and each was capable of flourishing with warm support and a willing ear. My role is to ensure that the work done in the therapy room endures beyond our time together and fosters resilient, warm, supportive relationships indefinitely. I welcome all wanting to heal...to overcome obstacles to a rich, happy, peaceful, and love-filled life.
(415) 630-2585 View (415) 630-2585
Photo of Stef Bell, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Berkeley, CA
Stef Bell
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
My ideology is inspired by the juxtaposition of American narratives, originating from the Deep South and Urban Midwest. Growing up in a Pro-Black, Christian Baptist home I learned how gender, sexuality, and white supremacy can greatly affect our culture, happiness and well-being. Early exposure to the mental healthcare system taught me that oppression can be as multi-layered and intersectional as the oppressed, and diagnosis will continue to be an act of oppression if it ignores cultural context, societal phobias, and systemic oppression. For a great number, our mental health is a representation of how we survive our social climate.
My ideology is inspired by the juxtaposition of American narratives, originating from the Deep South and Urban Midwest. Growing up in a Pro-Black, Christian Baptist home I learned how gender, sexuality, and white supremacy can greatly affect our culture, happiness and well-being. Early exposure to the mental healthcare system taught me that oppression can be as multi-layered and intersectional as the oppressed, and diagnosis will continue to be an act of oppression if it ignores cultural context, societal phobias, and systemic oppression. For a great number, our mental health is a representation of how we survive our social climate.
(510) 240-5906 View (510) 240-5906
Photo of Margaret M Clausen, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Margaret M Clausen
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
Whether you're looking for psychotherapy, coaching, focused EMDR or biofeedback, everyone is coming with unique needs, difficulties, and strengths. My focus is working with men and women experiencing traumatic stress, loss and grief, chronic or terminal illness, as well as adults who have had near-death experiences (NDE), and other spiritually transformative, exceptional experiences. My approach is holistic. Together with clients we work to ease distress, build on strengths already present, gain insights, and cultivate relating to yourself and other people in life-enhancing ways.
Whether you're looking for psychotherapy, coaching, focused EMDR or biofeedback, everyone is coming with unique needs, difficulties, and strengths. My focus is working with men and women experiencing traumatic stress, loss and grief, chronic or terminal illness, as well as adults who have had near-death experiences (NDE), and other spiritually transformative, exceptional experiences. My approach is holistic. Together with clients we work to ease distress, build on strengths already present, gain insights, and cultivate relating to yourself and other people in life-enhancing ways.
(510) 851-9765 View (510) 851-9765
Photo of Patrice A Forte, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Patrice A Forte
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94707
Waitlist for new clients
Do you feel overwhelmed by intense emotions? Have you been told that you're too sensitive, or that you should have "gotten over" a loss? Does anxiety or low self-esteem get in the way of working with colleagues, enjoying your partner, or meeting someone new? Maybe you procrastinate and make excuses, or relentlessly criticize yourself. I can help. For more that 25 years, I've been providing psychotherapy to individuals with concerns like yours.
Do you feel overwhelmed by intense emotions? Have you been told that you're too sensitive, or that you should have "gotten over" a loss? Does anxiety or low self-esteem get in the way of working with colleagues, enjoying your partner, or meeting someone new? Maybe you procrastinate and make excuses, or relentlessly criticize yourself. I can help. For more that 25 years, I've been providing psychotherapy to individuals with concerns like yours.
(510) 528-4330 View (510) 528-4330
Photo of Mark Lederer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Mark Lederer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
Healing in therapy begins by finding a therapist who is a good fit. I am glad you found your way to this website to find someone who may be a good fit for you. My areas of focus are helping people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief and trauma. These struggles can lead us to feel stuck, frightened, overwhelmed, sad, exhausted. When our attention is drawn to a few strong feelings, a few loud inner voices, and a few number of life choices we feel limited and not fully ourselves.
Healing in therapy begins by finding a therapist who is a good fit. I am glad you found your way to this website to find someone who may be a good fit for you. My areas of focus are helping people who are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief and trauma. These struggles can lead us to feel stuck, frightened, overwhelmed, sad, exhausted. When our attention is drawn to a few strong feelings, a few loud inner voices, and a few number of life choices we feel limited and not fully ourselves.
(510) 876-4723 View (510) 876-4723
Photo of Claire Kim, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Claire Kim
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
I love to come alongside women in their various seasons of life and work with them through depression, anxiety, relational conflict, eating disorder, past trauma, and women's issues. I also enjoy the lively dynamic of working with couples! It's been over 15 years since I started counseling and it's been a privilege seeing people work though difficulties.
I love to come alongside women in their various seasons of life and work with them through depression, anxiety, relational conflict, eating disorder, past trauma, and women's issues. I also enjoy the lively dynamic of working with couples! It's been over 15 years since I started counseling and it's been a privilege seeing people work though difficulties.
(341) 895-6297 View (341) 895-6297
Photo of Michael Mayer, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Michael Mayer
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
Real transformation is possible when you have the right tools to mine your inner gems. With my 40 years experience, I give you leading-edge methods to help you deal with various psychological issues. Self-healing tools from Eastern and Western traditions can reduce or eliminate medications and empowers your inner healer to deal with your anxiety, depression, chronic pain, insomnia, trauma,hypertension, etc. Transform your inner critic into a helpful coach :-)
Real transformation is possible when you have the right tools to mine your inner gems. With my 40 years experience, I give you leading-edge methods to help you deal with various psychological issues. Self-healing tools from Eastern and Western traditions can reduce or eliminate medications and empowers your inner healer to deal with your anxiety, depression, chronic pain, insomnia, trauma,hypertension, etc. Transform your inner critic into a helpful coach :-)
(510) 878-4268 View (510) 878-4268
Photo of Kellen Tisinger, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Kellen Tisinger
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
Therapy is a way to be kinder to yourself. It provides a chance to get to know yourself better. My aim is to offer people a sense of understanding themselves in a collaborative way. Together, we make efforts to notice the ways you relate to yourself and others, how you’re feeling and thinking, and the reasons why you manage stress in particular ways. I value an understanding of people’s backgrounds, early experiences, and environments. This can help us clarify the roots of current distressing patterns, as well as your existing strengths.
Therapy is a way to be kinder to yourself. It provides a chance to get to know yourself better. My aim is to offer people a sense of understanding themselves in a collaborative way. Together, we make efforts to notice the ways you relate to yourself and others, how you’re feeling and thinking, and the reasons why you manage stress in particular ways. I value an understanding of people’s backgrounds, early experiences, and environments. This can help us clarify the roots of current distressing patterns, as well as your existing strengths.
(925) 718-7066 View (925) 718-7066
Photo of Gordy Steil, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Gordy Steil
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
January, 2024: I currently have some lower-fee ($120-180) openings for teenagers, adults and families with children in these age groups who belong to households with incomes below $100k. I work to help my clients experience more vitality, control, connection, focus and flexibility in their lives, depending, of course, on what they are looking for. My clients often seek relief from patterns of painful feelings, negative thoughts and self-sabotaging behaviors that stem from their experience of growing up in particular worlds and particular histories that were traumatic or difficult or confusing. We work on understanding and change.
January, 2024: I currently have some lower-fee ($120-180) openings for teenagers, adults and families with children in these age groups who belong to households with incomes below $100k. I work to help my clients experience more vitality, control, connection, focus and flexibility in their lives, depending, of course, on what they are looking for. My clients often seek relief from patterns of painful feelings, negative thoughts and self-sabotaging behaviors that stem from their experience of growing up in particular worlds and particular histories that were traumatic or difficult or confusing. We work on understanding and change.
(510) 757-9368 View (510) 757-9368
Photo of Yanina M Rivera Lopez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Yanina M Rivera Lopez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94702
If you're looking for a holistic, decolonizing and evidence based approach at managing your mental health symptoms: you've come to the right place. If you have been struggling with your emotional wellness for what feels like a lifetime, I also offer Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy.
If you're looking for a holistic, decolonizing and evidence based approach at managing your mental health symptoms: you've come to the right place. If you have been struggling with your emotional wellness for what feels like a lifetime, I also offer Ketamine Assisted Psychotherapy.
(510) 930-0946 View (510) 930-0946

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
39% Cigna and Evernorth
38% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.