Therapists in Berkeley, CA

Photo of Lee Townsend, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Lee Townsend
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA, he/him
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94707
I provide culturally sensitive, empirically validated psychotherapy services to individuals, couples and families, ranging from adolescents to seniors. I am committed to the therapeutic process as a collaborative journey and consider it a great privilege to be entrusted with my clients' most deeply-held thoughts and feelings. I am actively engaged with those who are grappling with issues of anxiety, depression, bereavement, relationship problems, life transitions, trauma, interpersonal difficulties and creative blocks, addressing my client's concerns in a humanistic and holistic manner that transcends preoccupation with pathology to work toward a life of deep meaning, creativity and interpersonal fulfillment.
I provide culturally sensitive, empirically validated psychotherapy services to individuals, couples and families, ranging from adolescents to seniors. I am committed to the therapeutic process as a collaborative journey and consider it a great privilege to be entrusted with my clients' most deeply-held thoughts and feelings. I am actively engaged with those who are grappling with issues of anxiety, depression, bereavement, relationship problems, life transitions, trauma, interpersonal difficulties and creative blocks, addressing my client's concerns in a humanistic and holistic manner that transcends preoccupation with pathology to work toward a life of deep meaning, creativity and interpersonal fulfillment.
(510) 684-9930 View (510) 684-9930
Photo of Sasha Wright, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Sasha Wright
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94703
We were born to connect with ourselves and others, to be alive in our bodies and awake in the world, and to anchor into a sense of purpose. Painful experiences and negative patterns can disconnect us from our innate ability to full-heartedly live life. When you are stuck, dissatisfied in relationship, challenged by life transition, constrained by depression or anxiety, unable to heal from trauma, or simply feeling called to step more fully into your best self, therapy can be a powerful ally. I offer tools you can use to reconnect with your own power, resilience, and wholeness.
We were born to connect with ourselves and others, to be alive in our bodies and awake in the world, and to anchor into a sense of purpose. Painful experiences and negative patterns can disconnect us from our innate ability to full-heartedly live life. When you are stuck, dissatisfied in relationship, challenged by life transition, constrained by depression or anxiety, unable to heal from trauma, or simply feeling called to step more fully into your best self, therapy can be a powerful ally. I offer tools you can use to reconnect with your own power, resilience, and wholeness.
(510) 306-7137 View (510) 306-7137
Photo of Julien Heart, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Julien Heart
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I enjoy working with LGBTQIA+ individuals and community from rural areas, as someone who understands the experience of isolation and judgment. I have a warm, soulful, collaborative, empathic, non-judgmental approach to therapy. My goal is to help individuals find their inner voice and truth, heal from new and old wounds, and repair interpersonal conflict with their loved ones. I work with all genders, LGBTQ+, gender expansive clients. Individual, family therapy, couples therapy, sex therapy. Accepting new clients virtually. I am also accepting supervisees currently registered with the BBS.
I enjoy working with LGBTQIA+ individuals and community from rural areas, as someone who understands the experience of isolation and judgment. I have a warm, soulful, collaborative, empathic, non-judgmental approach to therapy. My goal is to help individuals find their inner voice and truth, heal from new and old wounds, and repair interpersonal conflict with their loved ones. I work with all genders, LGBTQ+, gender expansive clients. Individual, family therapy, couples therapy, sex therapy. Accepting new clients virtually. I am also accepting supervisees currently registered with the BBS.
(341) 895-7256 View (341) 895-7256
Photo of Kayo Sumisaki, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Kayo Sumisaki
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705  (Online Only)
Is your child exhibiting emotional and/or behavioral problems? Are you having problems with your relationships or at work? Are you feeling overwhelmed with anxiety or struggling with depression? I can help. In the safety of a caring and collaborative relationship, we will work on understanding how difficult life patterns are no longer serving you. My role is to meet my clients where they are and help guide them toward making lasting positive changes. I provide both short-term and long-term therapy. Call for a free consultation today!
Is your child exhibiting emotional and/or behavioral problems? Are you having problems with your relationships or at work? Are you feeling overwhelmed with anxiety or struggling with depression? I can help. In the safety of a caring and collaborative relationship, we will work on understanding how difficult life patterns are no longer serving you. My role is to meet my clients where they are and help guide them toward making lasting positive changes. I provide both short-term and long-term therapy. Call for a free consultation today!
(510) 858-2611 View (510) 858-2611
Photo of Ron Perry, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Ron Perry
Psychologist, PsyD, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
I have a strong background in both clinical and counseling psychology and extensive experience treating a wide range of issues, including depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, relational problems, and life transitions. I also specialize in treating addictions. I work with adults, adolescents, couples, and families. I place a strong emphasis on treating all clients with acceptance and respect, and all are welcome in my practice, regardless of ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, spiritual/religious beliefs, or personal history.
I have a strong background in both clinical and counseling psychology and extensive experience treating a wide range of issues, including depression, anxiety, grief, trauma, relational problems, and life transitions. I also specialize in treating addictions. I work with adults, adolescents, couples, and families. I place a strong emphasis on treating all clients with acceptance and respect, and all are welcome in my practice, regardless of ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, spiritual/religious beliefs, or personal history.
(510) 587-9036 View (510) 587-9036
Photo of Anne C Wilford, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Anne C Wilford
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94703
I feel the theraputic experience is a rich and exciting way for someone to reach their full potential. We all have feelings at times that "something is missing". These are real feelings and will be explored through our relationship. I believe everyone is unique. I don't have a "cookie cutter" approach to treating people. We will get to know each other and deal with the issues together. I work from a psychodynamic viewpoint.I feel everything that you have gone through as a child, young adult, and adult is connected. Our job will be to put the puzzle together.
I feel the theraputic experience is a rich and exciting way for someone to reach their full potential. We all have feelings at times that "something is missing". These are real feelings and will be explored through our relationship. I believe everyone is unique. I don't have a "cookie cutter" approach to treating people. We will get to know each other and deal with the issues together. I work from a psychodynamic viewpoint.I feel everything that you have gone through as a child, young adult, and adult is connected. Our job will be to put the puzzle together.
(510) 771-7950 View (510) 771-7950
Photo of Ilona Hrebennikova, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Ilona Hrebennikova
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MEd, MA
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
Are you struggling with relationships? Are you having the same fight with your partner over and over? Have you lost the emotional connection you used to have? Intimate relationships touch our deepest relational wounds. That's why we can be overwhelmed with the pain they bring and often, at points, feel like giving up. We can heal those wounds and help each other in that process. The kind of couples therapy/marriage counseling and individual therapy that I provide combines deep experiential work with teaching, coaching and practicing many specific relational skills that will set you up for success in all your relationships.
Are you struggling with relationships? Are you having the same fight with your partner over and over? Have you lost the emotional connection you used to have? Intimate relationships touch our deepest relational wounds. That's why we can be overwhelmed with the pain they bring and often, at points, feel like giving up. We can heal those wounds and help each other in that process. The kind of couples therapy/marriage counseling and individual therapy that I provide combines deep experiential work with teaching, coaching and practicing many specific relational skills that will set you up for success in all your relationships.
(510) 726-0823 View (510) 726-0823
Photo of Winifred M Reilly, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Winifred M Reilly
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94709
By the time most couples come to my office, they're frustrated, discouraged, and tired of going in circles. Many think their problems are insurmountable, that they're beyond help. Very few couples are beyond help. If your relationship is in trouble, don't wait. And don't give up. I have been in practice for nearly 30 years, specializing in psychotherapy with couples. I bring extensive training in relationship dynamics, marital systems, and sex therapy. I use a collaborative, positive approach that makes sense of what's hard and offers tools and encouragement to even the most troubled relationship.
By the time most couples come to my office, they're frustrated, discouraged, and tired of going in circles. Many think their problems are insurmountable, that they're beyond help. Very few couples are beyond help. If your relationship is in trouble, don't wait. And don't give up. I have been in practice for nearly 30 years, specializing in psychotherapy with couples. I bring extensive training in relationship dynamics, marital systems, and sex therapy. I use a collaborative, positive approach that makes sense of what's hard and offers tools and encouragement to even the most troubled relationship.
(510) 878-4746 View (510) 878-4746
Photo of Cara Frankel, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Cara Frankel
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am a clinical psychologist and have been working clinically with children, adolescents and families for 17 years. I am passionate about my work with children and adolescents. I believe that childhood is both a wonderful and an extremely challenging time. Through play, talk and family therapy I help children and families reach their potential for happy, productive and successful lives.
I am a clinical psychologist and have been working clinically with children, adolescents and families for 17 years. I am passionate about my work with children and adolescents. I believe that childhood is both a wonderful and an extremely challenging time. Through play, talk and family therapy I help children and families reach their potential for happy, productive and successful lives.
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Photo of Laurie Margaritonda, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Laurie Margaritonda
Psychologist, PsyD, MSW
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
We live in powerful times, filled with much opportunity and yet so much pressure to succeed that it can be difficult to navigate our personal challenges amidst the demands that come with it. We want to feel connected, whole, and in our purpose, but often feel separate, isolated, and fragmented instead. In order to heal, awareness, compassion and courage are needed to meet the painful spaces and shed light on our shadows, transforming them into opportunities for more presence, fulfillment and joy. I aim to empower the healer within you. As we heal, we serve ourselves and the world around us for the better.
We live in powerful times, filled with much opportunity and yet so much pressure to succeed that it can be difficult to navigate our personal challenges amidst the demands that come with it. We want to feel connected, whole, and in our purpose, but often feel separate, isolated, and fragmented instead. In order to heal, awareness, compassion and courage are needed to meet the painful spaces and shed light on our shadows, transforming them into opportunities for more presence, fulfillment and joy. I aim to empower the healer within you. As we heal, we serve ourselves and the world around us for the better.
(628) 265-6983 View (628) 265-6983
Photo of Roberto Lascano, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Roberto Lascano
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am a bilingual, bicultural (English and Spanish-speaking) psychologist who provides psychotherapy and psychoanalysis to young adults and adults. I support patients in fostering resilience and in building more meaningful, connected relationships.
I am a bilingual, bicultural (English and Spanish-speaking) psychologist who provides psychotherapy and psychoanalysis to young adults and adults. I support patients in fostering resilience and in building more meaningful, connected relationships.
(510) 319-0551 View (510) 319-0551
Photo of Anahis Tahmasian, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Anahis Tahmasian
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704  (Online Only)
I believe in evidence-based therapies and utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as I strive to help my clients process their emotions and feelings to reach a place where they can work through their struggles in a healthy, productive way. I understand that therapy can be a new experience for some people, and would love to help to find ease in your everyday stressors with the use of my knowledge, care, and passion for this work. I am well versed in co-occurring disorders and realize that there is usually more than one issue present in a person's life causing them to experience stressors.
I believe in evidence-based therapies and utilize Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as I strive to help my clients process their emotions and feelings to reach a place where they can work through their struggles in a healthy, productive way. I understand that therapy can be a new experience for some people, and would love to help to find ease in your everyday stressors with the use of my knowledge, care, and passion for this work. I am well versed in co-occurring disorders and realize that there is usually more than one issue present in a person's life causing them to experience stressors.
(415) 853-3340 View (415) 853-3340
Photo of Beth Hermosillo | Reframe Psychotherapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Beth Hermosillo | Reframe Psychotherapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94704
Even when it seems like we have it all together on the outside, we can often experience feelings of anxiety, sadness, hurt, and a lack of motivation on the inside. Whether you are grappling with issues related to a recent transition or a long-term condition, or just feeling stuck and not sure how to feel better, I am dedicated to providing a safe, supportive, and comfortable environment where you can delve into self-discovery, explore past wounds, and embark on a journey of healing and personal growth. I am LGBTQ affirmative and welcome people from all cultural backgrounds and identities.
Even when it seems like we have it all together on the outside, we can often experience feelings of anxiety, sadness, hurt, and a lack of motivation on the inside. Whether you are grappling with issues related to a recent transition or a long-term condition, or just feeling stuck and not sure how to feel better, I am dedicated to providing a safe, supportive, and comfortable environment where you can delve into self-discovery, explore past wounds, and embark on a journey of healing and personal growth. I am LGBTQ affirmative and welcome people from all cultural backgrounds and identities.
(341) 888-6761 View (341) 888-6761
Photo of Philip MacEachron, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Philip MacEachron
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I see people who might have grown up being seen as "weird" and despite their successes may still find it hard to shake a negative self-image that undermines their current efforts. You may struggle with a creative self that has been muted in favor of a professional self to accommodate the needs of family and others. You may be trying to live in an antiracist way in a world that doesn't always support that effort. You are pulled in too many directions, and it can be hard to find your balance. More about me at: www.drpmpsych.com
I see people who might have grown up being seen as "weird" and despite their successes may still find it hard to shake a negative self-image that undermines their current efforts. You may struggle with a creative self that has been muted in favor of a professional self to accommodate the needs of family and others. You may be trying to live in an antiracist way in a world that doesn't always support that effort. You are pulled in too many directions, and it can be hard to find your balance. More about me at: www.drpmpsych.com
(510) 491-0261 View (510) 491-0261
Photo of Rain Sussman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Rain Sussman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Berkeley, CA 94704
The combination of strong anxiety and strong intellect poses special challenges for those caught in the crosshairs. I help individuals with active, analytical minds to work through anxiety-related problems such as panic, worry, avoidance, and compulsive thoughts or habits. My approach is warm, practical, and evidence-based, grounded in both mindfulness and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
The combination of strong anxiety and strong intellect poses special challenges for those caught in the crosshairs. I help individuals with active, analytical minds to work through anxiety-related problems such as panic, worry, avoidance, and compulsive thoughts or habits. My approach is warm, practical, and evidence-based, grounded in both mindfulness and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
(510) 649-1909 View (510) 649-1909
Photo of Susan Sekler, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Susan Sekler
Psychologist, JD, PhD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94708
Important areas of my practice include anxiety, depression and overwhelming emotional states that interfere with and limit the satisfaction and fulfillment that comes from relationships and work. I also treat symptoms related to phase of life problems such as career changes, parenthood, mid-life, separation and divorce. A strong interest of mine is how to develop and maintain healthy relationships. I am an ex-lawyer, having worked as a litigator, and my style is interactive and collaborative. My office is near the campus of the University of California in Berkeley.
Important areas of my practice include anxiety, depression and overwhelming emotional states that interfere with and limit the satisfaction and fulfillment that comes from relationships and work. I also treat symptoms related to phase of life problems such as career changes, parenthood, mid-life, separation and divorce. A strong interest of mine is how to develop and maintain healthy relationships. I am an ex-lawyer, having worked as a litigator, and my style is interactive and collaborative. My office is near the campus of the University of California in Berkeley.
(510) 470-7416 View (510) 470-7416
Photo of Rick Maisel, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Rick Maisel
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94710
If you want a therapist who has been around the block more than a few times, I'm your man. I've became a Licenced MFT in 1986 and a Licensed Psychologist in 1993. For over 40 years I've been helping people slay their dragons, clarify their life directions, connect more deeply with themselves, their friends, and loved ones, and heal from the wounds life has a way of inflicting. And you know what? I still love it.
If you want a therapist who has been around the block more than a few times, I'm your man. I've became a Licenced MFT in 1986 and a Licensed Psychologist in 1993. For over 40 years I've been helping people slay their dragons, clarify their life directions, connect more deeply with themselves, their friends, and loved ones, and heal from the wounds life has a way of inflicting. And you know what? I still love it.
(510) 617-5923 View (510) 617-5923
Datewise
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I help singles over forty develop the capacity to find, create & maintain the best romantic relationship of their life. I work with people who want the self-awareness and skills for satisfying long-term intimacy, want to understand past patterns, heal old wounds, quickly assess who's a good match, & create a foundation for new relationship that's healthy and supports their deepest needs. I've taught graduate level Human Sexuality, & offer expertise w/ all elements of relationship satisfaction. As a writer I also help re: online profiles, to attract the best match. You'll get weekly tasks to accelerate progress toward your goals.
I help singles over forty develop the capacity to find, create & maintain the best romantic relationship of their life. I work with people who want the self-awareness and skills for satisfying long-term intimacy, want to understand past patterns, heal old wounds, quickly assess who's a good match, & create a foundation for new relationship that's healthy and supports their deepest needs. I've taught graduate level Human Sexuality, & offer expertise w/ all elements of relationship satisfaction. As a writer I also help re: online profiles, to attract the best match. You'll get weekly tasks to accelerate progress toward your goals.
(510) 344-2490 View (510) 344-2490
Photo of Dr. Carey Shaffer, Psychologist in Berkeley, CA
Dr. Carey Shaffer
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94705
I am a seasoned Psychologist with over 20+ years of community mental health, private practice and organizational experience. I have worked with hundreds of children, adults and families in a variety of mental health settings in the Bay Area including Seneca Family of Agencies and A Better Way, Inc. both prominent East Bay Child and Family organizations. I currently work as a part-time staff Psychologist with Kaiser Permanente’s Child and Family Department of Psychiatry, where I provide assessment and therapeutic services to children and families.
I am a seasoned Psychologist with over 20+ years of community mental health, private practice and organizational experience. I have worked with hundreds of children, adults and families in a variety of mental health settings in the Bay Area including Seneca Family of Agencies and A Better Way, Inc. both prominent East Bay Child and Family organizations. I currently work as a part-time staff Psychologist with Kaiser Permanente’s Child and Family Department of Psychiatry, where I provide assessment and therapeutic services to children and families.
(341) 999-7187 View (341) 999-7187
Photo of Kaci Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Berkeley, CA
Kaci Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Berkeley, CA 94709  (Online Only)
I specialize in women's issues and offer individual therapy and women's group therapy, including a postpartum group and a Sunday evening women's journaling & mindfulness group. I have a passion for supporting women through all of life's stages. I believe in female empowerment and help women find their voice in order to live more authentic, balanced, and fulfilling lives.
I specialize in women's issues and offer individual therapy and women's group therapy, including a postpartum group and a Sunday evening women's journaling & mindfulness group. I have a passion for supporting women through all of life's stages. I believe in female empowerment and help women find their voice in order to live more authentic, balanced, and fulfilling lives.
(510) 298-3842 View (510) 298-3842

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Berkeley, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$190

Therapists in Berkeley, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
89% Depression
85% Relationship Issues
76% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Grief
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

50% Aetna
39% Cigna and Evernorth
38% Other

How Therapists in Berkeley, CA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

76% Female
22% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Berkeley?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.