Therapists in Fairfax, VA

Photo of Jina Chang, Supervisee in Clinical Social Work in Fairfax, VA
Jina Chang
Supervisee in Clinical Social Work
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Jina Chang, MSW is a Pre-Licensed Professional with a Master’s degree in Social Work from George Mason University. Jina has over 3 years of experience working with individuals and families. She has supported her clients and patients in hospital, private practice, and home-care settings.
Jina Chang, MSW is a Pre-Licensed Professional with a Master’s degree in Social Work from George Mason University. Jina has over 3 years of experience working with individuals and families. She has supported her clients and patients in hospital, private practice, and home-care settings.
(571) 639-4556 View (571) 639-4556
Photo of Dr. Nicole Hashemian, Psychologist in Fairfax, VA
Dr. Nicole Hashemian
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22031
Dr. Nicole Hashemian is a licensed clinical psychologist and neuropsychologist and has broad experience working with individuals and families with a wide variety of mental health disorders.
Dr. Nicole Hashemian is a licensed clinical psychologist and neuropsychologist and has broad experience working with individuals and families with a wide variety of mental health disorders.
(571) 462-6864 View (571) 462-6864
Photo of Dr. Laura Russell, Psychologist in Fairfax, VA
Dr. Laura Russell
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
Are you feeling emotionally depleted or fearfully uncertain about the future? I offer therapy for individuals who are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief/loss, relationship issues, OCD, insomnia, trauma, chronic pain, and ADHD. If you are feeling distressed, isolated, or experiencing problems in your relationships I hope I can guide you through these challenging times. My goal as your therapist would be to help you find your own pathway to healing, balance, and a peace of mind.
Are you feeling emotionally depleted or fearfully uncertain about the future? I offer therapy for individuals who are struggling with anxiety, depression, grief/loss, relationship issues, OCD, insomnia, trauma, chronic pain, and ADHD. If you are feeling distressed, isolated, or experiencing problems in your relationships I hope I can guide you through these challenging times. My goal as your therapist would be to help you find your own pathway to healing, balance, and a peace of mind.
(571) 526-0449 View (571) 526-0449
Photo of Ann M. Miller, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Ann M. Miller
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA Ed, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
Not accepting new clients
Whether you are seeking counseling for yourself, your child, or another loved one, I am here to help guide you to a better place in life. Just by taking this first step of seeking information, you have made a positive change. I see clients of all ages and use a variety of counseling theories and techniques to help people understand and cope with the issues holding them back from true happiness and success. To help my clients feel their best and achieve their dreams and goals, I start by simply listening. I firmly believe that people begin to heal the moment they are truly heard.
Whether you are seeking counseling for yourself, your child, or another loved one, I am here to help guide you to a better place in life. Just by taking this first step of seeking information, you have made a positive change. I see clients of all ages and use a variety of counseling theories and techniques to help people understand and cope with the issues holding them back from true happiness and success. To help my clients feel their best and achieve their dreams and goals, I start by simply listening. I firmly believe that people begin to heal the moment they are truly heard.
(571) 701-1718 View (571) 701-1718
Photo of Tiffany Harvey, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Tiffany Harvey
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCMHC, NCC, CCMHC
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22031  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Is your anxiety keeping you from living the life you want? Are you tired of canceling plans at the last minute, going over conversations, constantly second-guessing yourself, and feeling like things are always your fault? Is it getting harder to find the motivation to do the things you used to think were fun? Or maybe you want to finally resolve the old pain that you don't want affecting your life anymore-childhood wounds, trust issues, and trauma from the past.
Is your anxiety keeping you from living the life you want? Are you tired of canceling plans at the last minute, going over conversations, constantly second-guessing yourself, and feeling like things are always your fault? Is it getting harder to find the motivation to do the things you used to think were fun? Or maybe you want to finally resolve the old pain that you don't want affecting your life anymore-childhood wounds, trust issues, and trauma from the past.
(571) 570-3878 View (571) 570-3878
Photo of Deborah O'Brien, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Deborah O'Brien
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22031
Are you or your family going through a tough time? Are behaviors or situations becoming unmanageable? In my office you will find a safe, nonjudgmental response to dealing with the complexities of your life. The aim is to address painful crisis and move toward developing coping strategies to increase peace & the happiness you deserve. My treatment approach is to help with solutions. Individual therapy, play therapy, parent support, and academic consultation is what I provide. In my practice I work with children, adolescents, and adults. There are several therapists in the office who can assist if I am booked.
Are you or your family going through a tough time? Are behaviors or situations becoming unmanageable? In my office you will find a safe, nonjudgmental response to dealing with the complexities of your life. The aim is to address painful crisis and move toward developing coping strategies to increase peace & the happiness you deserve. My treatment approach is to help with solutions. Individual therapy, play therapy, parent support, and academic consultation is what I provide. In my practice I work with children, adolescents, and adults. There are several therapists in the office who can assist if I am booked.
(703) 791-9908 x1 View (703) 791-9908 x1
Photo of Couples Therapy at The Center for Connection, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Couples Therapy at The Center for Connection
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, LCSW, LMFT-R, LPC-R
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
We help couples build person-to-person, heart-to-heart, soul-to-soul connections. We all long to be seen, heard, understood, held, and cherished by our precious person. Being in secure connection often conflicts with how life has shaped us. For many of us, relationship experiences have included bumps in the road, needs have been missed, wounds have developed, protections have grown, trust has been broken, limited beliefs have emerged, and parts of us have been hidden away. We help couples explore how life has influenced their interactions and then find lasting ways to heal, connect, repair, meet unmet needs, and build security.
We help couples build person-to-person, heart-to-heart, soul-to-soul connections. We all long to be seen, heard, understood, held, and cherished by our precious person. Being in secure connection often conflicts with how life has shaped us. For many of us, relationship experiences have included bumps in the road, needs have been missed, wounds have developed, protections have grown, trust has been broken, limited beliefs have emerged, and parts of us have been hidden away. We help couples explore how life has influenced their interactions and then find lasting ways to heal, connect, repair, meet unmet needs, and build security.
(571) 200-4205 View (571) 200-4205
Photo of Heidi Tucker, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Heidi Tucker
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
As a therapist, my goal is to partner with my clients to help them navigate life's challenges. We will embark on a journey together, in a safe and non-judgmental space. We will explore your personal story and discover what aspects of your life that no longer serve you. This process will help you to discover and become the most authentic, confident and healthiest person you strive to be. I believe in treating the whole person by encouraging a healthy approach to life through movement, nutrition, rest, play and anything you find life giving.
As a therapist, my goal is to partner with my clients to help them navigate life's challenges. We will embark on a journey together, in a safe and non-judgmental space. We will explore your personal story and discover what aspects of your life that no longer serve you. This process will help you to discover and become the most authentic, confident and healthiest person you strive to be. I believe in treating the whole person by encouraging a healthy approach to life through movement, nutrition, rest, play and anything you find life giving.
(703) 636-2888 x9 View (703) 636-2888 x9
Photo of Kate Walker, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Kate Walker
Licensed Professional Counselor, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22033
Are uncomfortable emotions or limiting beliefs clouding your ability to connect to your internal compass and live a life aligned with what you value? Have you been left reeling from the impacts of the pandemic, world events, or other life stressors? If so, I'm here to help you make sense of it all. I believe change is possible when we couple compassionate curiosity with consistent and appropriate support. We are social creatures by nature and thrive when we feel connected and understood by others. But it can be hard to seek out those connections when we're struggling to understand and be at peace with ourselves.
Are uncomfortable emotions or limiting beliefs clouding your ability to connect to your internal compass and live a life aligned with what you value? Have you been left reeling from the impacts of the pandemic, world events, or other life stressors? If so, I'm here to help you make sense of it all. I believe change is possible when we couple compassionate curiosity with consistent and appropriate support. We are social creatures by nature and thrive when we feel connected and understood by others. But it can be hard to seek out those connections when we're struggling to understand and be at peace with ourselves.
(703) 783-2358 View (703) 783-2358
Photo of Elizabeth Rzengota, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Elizabeth Rzengota
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and owner of Restore Counseling, LLC. I understand that finding the right counselor can be a daunting task and I hope to help you in that process. As a therapist, my goal is to create a safe place for you to express what you are experiencing. I look forward to hearing about the changes you would like to see in your life and working with you to make these changes a reality.
I am a Licensed Professional Counselor and owner of Restore Counseling, LLC. I understand that finding the right counselor can be a daunting task and I hope to help you in that process. As a therapist, my goal is to create a safe place for you to express what you are experiencing. I look forward to hearing about the changes you would like to see in your life and working with you to make these changes a reality.
(571) 765-1854 View (571) 765-1854
Photo of Yuko C Constas, Resident in Marriage and Family Therapy in Fairfax, VA
Yuko C Constas
Resident in Marriage and Family Therapy, MSMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
Life can be challenging. Perhaps you are feeling stuck in your marital or relational issues. Maybe, you are feeling hopeless after the loss of a loved one or job. When you need help and direction most, therapy can guide you through challenges. I believe that anyone can excel with sufficient guidance and support. My areas of concentration are couples’ issues, family conflicts, life transitions, self-esteem, trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, emotional healing, spiritual issues, and more. Also, I use EMDR to help you with trauma and childhood experiences.
Life can be challenging. Perhaps you are feeling stuck in your marital or relational issues. Maybe, you are feeling hopeless after the loss of a loved one or job. When you need help and direction most, therapy can guide you through challenges. I believe that anyone can excel with sufficient guidance and support. My areas of concentration are couples’ issues, family conflicts, life transitions, self-esteem, trauma, anxiety, depression, grief, emotional healing, spiritual issues, and more. Also, I use EMDR to help you with trauma and childhood experiences.
(571) 200-4860 View (571) 200-4860
Photo of Christine Gauthier, Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Christine Gauthier
Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MA, LCMHC, LPC, SP
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
A good clinical match would be those seeking clarity related to life decisions, transitions, or relationships, those trying to overcome anxiety or depression, improve their self-esteem, or come to a place of contentment with their lives. I really enjoy working with college students or other adults on the cusp, or in the midst, of life changes.
A good clinical match would be those seeking clarity related to life decisions, transitions, or relationships, those trying to overcome anxiety or depression, improve their self-esteem, or come to a place of contentment with their lives. I really enjoy working with college students or other adults on the cusp, or in the midst, of life changes.
(571) 946-7981 View (571) 946-7981
Photo of Maddie Mihalich, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Maddie Mihalich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
Hi! I'm Maddie Mihalich, LCSW. I am passionate about helping people find their inner strength and voice. In providing psychotherapy, I lean toward a holistic, person-centered, strength-based approach to enhance your mental, physical and spiritual well-being. My practice is heavy handed on self-compassion and connection. Using evidence based practices such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) skills, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction(MBSR) and Mindful self-compassion, each session is tailored specifically toward your needs.
Hi! I'm Maddie Mihalich, LCSW. I am passionate about helping people find their inner strength and voice. In providing psychotherapy, I lean toward a holistic, person-centered, strength-based approach to enhance your mental, physical and spiritual well-being. My practice is heavy handed on self-compassion and connection. Using evidence based practices such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) skills, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction(MBSR) and Mindful self-compassion, each session is tailored specifically toward your needs.
(571) 475-8743 View (571) 475-8743
Photo of Child, Teen and Family Therapy at CCHC, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Fairfax, VA
Child, Teen and Family Therapy at CCHC
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern, MS, LMFT-R, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
At The Center for Connection, Healing & Change we specialize in working with toddlers, children, teens, and their families. Our family therapists are skilled in working with relationships, attachment, anxiety, depression, emotion regulation, behavioral concerns, academics, trauma, life transitions, somatic issues, identity, self-worth, trauma, adoption, and loss. As each family is different, we utilize evidence-based models to help you find real-world solutions that fit you and your unique family needs. A full description of our treatment philosophy and the areas we work with can be found at www.thecenterforconnection.com
At The Center for Connection, Healing & Change we specialize in working with toddlers, children, teens, and their families. Our family therapists are skilled in working with relationships, attachment, anxiety, depression, emotion regulation, behavioral concerns, academics, trauma, life transitions, somatic issues, identity, self-worth, trauma, adoption, and loss. As each family is different, we utilize evidence-based models to help you find real-world solutions that fit you and your unique family needs. A full description of our treatment philosophy and the areas we work with can be found at www.thecenterforconnection.com
(571) 380-8411 View (571) 380-8411
Photo of Elizabeth M. Nielsen, LPC Intern in Fairfax, VA
Elizabeth M. Nielsen
LPC Intern, MAT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
In life, we all experience times of change and uncertainty. It is common to question our decisions and feel lost as we search for our purpose. This can lead to feelings of stress, anxiety, grief, and loss. I am committed to helping military service members, Veterans, and their families through the transitions of life. Using a compassionate and evidence-based approach, I provide support to individuals aged six and up who are facing grief, loss, and other challenges.
In life, we all experience times of change and uncertainty. It is common to question our decisions and feel lost as we search for our purpose. This can lead to feelings of stress, anxiety, grief, and loss. I am committed to helping military service members, Veterans, and their families through the transitions of life. Using a compassionate and evidence-based approach, I provide support to individuals aged six and up who are facing grief, loss, and other challenges.
(571) 901-1917 View (571) 901-1917
Photo of Tiffany Barnhard, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Fairfax, VA
Tiffany Barnhard
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia and Michigan. Historically, I’ve worked with individuals in residential and private practice settings with focus on substance use and mental health. I currently work with adults from all walks of life struggling with addiction, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. I operate from a person-centered approach with focus on rapport building as both are crucial in developing a safe place for clients while allowing them to feel heard and understood. Through this process, I am honored to walk with clients in their most vulnerable moments to create a better life for themselves in the process.
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Virginia and Michigan. Historically, I’ve worked with individuals in residential and private practice settings with focus on substance use and mental health. I currently work with adults from all walks of life struggling with addiction, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. I operate from a person-centered approach with focus on rapport building as both are crucial in developing a safe place for clients while allowing them to feel heard and understood. Through this process, I am honored to walk with clients in their most vulnerable moments to create a better life for themselves in the process.
(571) 322-8651 View (571) 322-8651
Photo of Gregory Adams, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Gregory Adams
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSATP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
Are you struggling in your relationship, separation, divorce, or with a co-parent? Have things become more difficult for you, and you're not exactly sure how or why? Are you concerned about how the strain involved might be affecting your children? Such situations are all too common, and many otherwise effective and more-than-competent people are left wondering if they're doing everything possible, or even just enough, to meet the needs of everyone in their family. Being a parent can be difficult for anyone, and problems in relationships between parents and loved ones make it even harder.
Are you struggling in your relationship, separation, divorce, or with a co-parent? Have things become more difficult for you, and you're not exactly sure how or why? Are you concerned about how the strain involved might be affecting your children? Such situations are all too common, and many otherwise effective and more-than-competent people are left wondering if they're doing everything possible, or even just enough, to meet the needs of everyone in their family. Being a parent can be difficult for anyone, and problems in relationships between parents and loved ones make it even harder.
(571) 766-0633 View (571) 766-0633
Photo of The Center for Connection, Healing & Change, LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Fairfax, VA
The Center for Connection, Healing & Change, LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPC, LCSW, LMFT-R, LPC-R
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22030
Accepting new clients - The Center for Connection, Healing & Change focuses on the creation of secure, close, and satisfying relationships- within us and between us. We choose to specialize in relationships because we know the importance of satisfying connections for our mental, emotional, and physical well-being. Services explore the relationship we have with both ourselves and others; how well we can live with emotional ease, know who we are, ask for what we need, be responsive to loved ones, set boundaries, deal with loss, move through stressful experiences, find our purpose, and access resilience in moments of need.
Accepting new clients - The Center for Connection, Healing & Change focuses on the creation of secure, close, and satisfying relationships- within us and between us. We choose to specialize in relationships because we know the importance of satisfying connections for our mental, emotional, and physical well-being. Services explore the relationship we have with both ourselves and others; how well we can live with emotional ease, know who we are, ask for what we need, be responsive to loved ones, set boundaries, deal with loss, move through stressful experiences, find our purpose, and access resilience in moments of need.
(571) 777-0640 View (571) 777-0640
Photo of Emily Laing, Licensed Professional Counselor in Fairfax, VA
Emily Laing
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Fairfax, VA 22031
My goal in therapy is to hold a compassionate, non-judgmental space for clients to explore their inner lives and make day-to-day life better, one step at a time. I utilize a variety of evidenced-based approaches, including cognitive behavior therapy, mindfulness, and acceptance and commitment therapy. I help clients connect their mind and body when it comes to healing from traumatic and difficult life experiences. My clients report that connecting the mind and body promote a greater sense of goundedness and authenticity.
My goal in therapy is to hold a compassionate, non-judgmental space for clients to explore their inner lives and make day-to-day life better, one step at a time. I utilize a variety of evidenced-based approaches, including cognitive behavior therapy, mindfulness, and acceptance and commitment therapy. I help clients connect their mind and body when it comes to healing from traumatic and difficult life experiences. My clients report that connecting the mind and body promote a greater sense of goundedness and authenticity.
View
Photo of Laila Cooper, Psychologist in Fairfax, VA
Laila Cooper
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Fairfax, VA 22030
Congratulations on making it this far; searching for a therapist can be an overwhelming process! Many individuals struggle with depression, anxiety, struggles with sex and relationships, or simply the desire to understand themselves more thoroughly. Whether to improve mood and functioning, improve relationships, or work on issues with sex/sexuality, therapy can be reparative, strengthening, and play a role in maximizing enjoyment of life! I work from an affirming and social justice approach with the LGBTQIA community and people of color, and I am kink- and non-monogamy informed and affirming.
Congratulations on making it this far; searching for a therapist can be an overwhelming process! Many individuals struggle with depression, anxiety, struggles with sex and relationships, or simply the desire to understand themselves more thoroughly. Whether to improve mood and functioning, improve relationships, or work on issues with sex/sexuality, therapy can be reparative, strengthening, and play a role in maximizing enjoyment of life! I work from an affirming and social justice approach with the LGBTQIA community and people of color, and I am kink- and non-monogamy informed and affirming.
(703) 291-1498 View (703) 291-1498

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Fairfax, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Fairfax, VA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
71% Relationship Issues
67% Trauma and PTSD
62% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% BlueCross and BlueShield
64% Cigna and Evernorth
58% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Fairfax, VA see their clients

58% In Person and Online
42% Online Only

Gender breakdown

84% Female
15% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Fairfax?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.