Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Erica M. Walker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Erica M. Walker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
Therapy transformed my life when I was referred to a counselor years ago as a teen. Since then, I have wanted to provide this type of support and to serve as a guide for others through difficult times in life. I aspire to help my clients tap into their own inner strengths, so they can ultimately live more freely, fully and authentically. I take a client-centered approach, and help my clients identify their own goals for themselves.
Therapy transformed my life when I was referred to a counselor years ago as a teen. Since then, I have wanted to provide this type of support and to serve as a guide for others through difficult times in life. I aspire to help my clients tap into their own inner strengths, so they can ultimately live more freely, fully and authentically. I take a client-centered approach, and help my clients identify their own goals for themselves.
(773) 207-3235 View (773) 207-3235
Photo of Austin Knott, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Austin Knott
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640
Coming to therapy can feel uncomfortable and intimidating. My first goal is to help you feel safe, supported and heard. The therapeutic relationship is at the center of my practice. As a therapist, my purpose is to help and support you by honoring and valuing your authentic and genuine self. I come from a place of curiosity and no judgement. No matter where you are in your journey or life, I will meet you where you are at. I will work with you to help get you where you want to be going and work to feel more successful in your daily life.
Coming to therapy can feel uncomfortable and intimidating. My first goal is to help you feel safe, supported and heard. The therapeutic relationship is at the center of my practice. As a therapist, my purpose is to help and support you by honoring and valuing your authentic and genuine self. I come from a place of curiosity and no judgement. No matter where you are in your journey or life, I will meet you where you are at. I will work with you to help get you where you want to be going and work to feel more successful in your daily life.
(773) 985-7510 View (773) 985-7510
Photo of Valery Shuman, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Valery Shuman
Counselor, ATR-BC, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647
I am a licensed clinical professional counselor and board certified registered art therapist. I specialize in working with people who want to examine their relationships with themselves, with others, and with substances. You may want to reach out to me if you are looking for a therapist who is both knowledgeable and nonjudgmental about substance use or other stigmatized behaviors. Additionally, I offer psychedelic integration and pre- and post-ritual counseling.
I am a licensed clinical professional counselor and board certified registered art therapist. I specialize in working with people who want to examine their relationships with themselves, with others, and with substances. You may want to reach out to me if you are looking for a therapist who is both knowledgeable and nonjudgmental about substance use or other stigmatized behaviors. Additionally, I offer psychedelic integration and pre- and post-ritual counseling.
(773) 596-9390 View (773) 596-9390
Photo of Iggy V Ladden, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Iggy V Ladden
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AM, LCSW, RYT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
As a therapist and mental health advocate, I believe everyone deserves one hour a week completely dedicated to them and what's coming up in their life. Whether you're experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, LGBTQIA struggles, or relational issues, I can offer you a nonjudgemental and engaging space to get to know yourself on a deeper level. Through a process of self-understanding and self-acceptance, we lay the groundwork for your desired life shifts.
As a therapist and mental health advocate, I believe everyone deserves one hour a week completely dedicated to them and what's coming up in their life. Whether you're experiencing anxiety, depression, trauma, LGBTQIA struggles, or relational issues, I can offer you a nonjudgemental and engaging space to get to know yourself on a deeper level. Through a process of self-understanding and self-acceptance, we lay the groundwork for your desired life shifts.
(331) 442-4449 View (331) 442-4449
Photo of Amanda Berry in Chicago, IL
Amanda Berry
MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I am trained to treat people experiencing relationship problems in a unique and effective way - much of the time this includes research-driven tools and techniques that with time will help you get the relationship you desire and deserve! I am dedicated to my clients' pursuit of stronger romantic relationships as well as relief from anxiety or depression that has been holding you back from living a full life. As a results-driven therapist and person, my goal is to provide you with the insight and practical tools you need to improve your relationship and your life.
As a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, I am trained to treat people experiencing relationship problems in a unique and effective way - much of the time this includes research-driven tools and techniques that with time will help you get the relationship you desire and deserve! I am dedicated to my clients' pursuit of stronger romantic relationships as well as relief from anxiety or depression that has been holding you back from living a full life. As a results-driven therapist and person, my goal is to provide you with the insight and practical tools you need to improve your relationship and your life.
(312) 584-5166 View (312) 584-5166
Photo of Kirk Johnson, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Kirk Johnson
Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
You are stressed with your personal life, relationships, or work and feel like you haven't tapped into your true potential. My name is Kirk Johnson and I'm a Licensed Counselor/Therapist. My clients typically start therapy to improve their stress/anxiety management, interpersonal relationships, identity exploration, self-confidence, and trauma response. Often times, clients need to go deeper to find meaning in their past and present experiences and the narratives they tell themselves. These crucial conversations can help stabilize big feelings, and build inner strength.
You are stressed with your personal life, relationships, or work and feel like you haven't tapped into your true potential. My name is Kirk Johnson and I'm a Licensed Counselor/Therapist. My clients typically start therapy to improve their stress/anxiety management, interpersonal relationships, identity exploration, self-confidence, and trauma response. Often times, clients need to go deeper to find meaning in their past and present experiences and the narratives they tell themselves. These crucial conversations can help stabilize big feelings, and build inner strength.
(773) 207-3895 View (773) 207-3895
Photo of Ashley Robinson, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Ashley Robinson
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
I believe that healing is a collaborative endeavor that requires honest caring without shame or judgment. I provide a safe, caring and confidential environment for clients to explore their feelings, beliefs and clarify their goals. Something unique about my approach is that I use a strength-based approach, tailoring my approach to each client’s interest for engagement. I have a unique ability to help explore and discover your true identity, sexual expression, sexuality, and gender identity. I became a therapist to support the disruption of generational cycles that are not helpful while building confidence.
I believe that healing is a collaborative endeavor that requires honest caring without shame or judgment. I provide a safe, caring and confidential environment for clients to explore their feelings, beliefs and clarify their goals. Something unique about my approach is that I use a strength-based approach, tailoring my approach to each client’s interest for engagement. I have a unique ability to help explore and discover your true identity, sexual expression, sexuality, and gender identity. I became a therapist to support the disruption of generational cycles that are not helpful while building confidence.
(872) 241-1065 View (872) 241-1065
Photo of Cyntoya Campbell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Cyntoya Campbell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606  (Online Only)
Do you want to finally feel heard and make progress with an experienced therapist? Whether you are facing big life decisions, having relationship issues, or healing from complex trauma, there is hope in recovery. I have extensive experience with providing mental health therapy, clinical supervision, and program management. Additional experience includes working with mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, trauma, attention deficit disorder, mood disorders, personality disorders, and family relations issues.
Do you want to finally feel heard and make progress with an experienced therapist? Whether you are facing big life decisions, having relationship issues, or healing from complex trauma, there is hope in recovery. I have extensive experience with providing mental health therapy, clinical supervision, and program management. Additional experience includes working with mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, trauma, attention deficit disorder, mood disorders, personality disorders, and family relations issues.
(224) 279-6938 View (224) 279-6938
Photo of Brittany Parker, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Brittany Parker
Pre-Licensed Professional
Not Verified Not Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
Brittany D. Parker is a Psychologist in Louisiana who has been practicing since 2019. She has a Clinical Psychology PsyD from Nova Southeastern University and a Psychology BS from Howard University. Brittany believes in giving clients the tools necessary to achieve their goals. She brings experience from a variety of hospital and community mental health settings to aid in tailoring interventions to the individual's needs. She takes an integrative approach to treatment, in an effort to align with her client's goals while also allowing them to stay true to their values. In her spare time, Brittany is a film and travel enthusiast.
Brittany D. Parker is a Psychologist in Louisiana who has been practicing since 2019. She has a Clinical Psychology PsyD from Nova Southeastern University and a Psychology BS from Howard University. Brittany believes in giving clients the tools necessary to achieve their goals. She brings experience from a variety of hospital and community mental health settings to aid in tailoring interventions to the individual's needs. She takes an integrative approach to treatment, in an effort to align with her client's goals while also allowing them to stay true to their values. In her spare time, Brittany is a film and travel enthusiast.
(312) 554-3879 View (312) 554-3879
Photo of Jessica Eun Chung, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Jessica Eun Chung
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60661
My working model is positioned from a trauma informed, holistic, strength-based approach to understanding how we are able to cope with life and grow to be resilient. I base my clinical interventions in art therapy principles and both traditional / non-traditional approaches to understand clients' inner world and foster self-expression and trauma processing.
My working model is positioned from a trauma informed, holistic, strength-based approach to understanding how we are able to cope with life and grow to be resilient. I base my clinical interventions in art therapy principles and both traditional / non-traditional approaches to understand clients' inner world and foster self-expression and trauma processing.
(312) 756-0201 View (312) 756-0201
Photo of Inner Wisdom Therapy, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Inner Wisdom Therapy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60607  (Online Only)
I am a Latina and first gen, psychologist. My mission is to help clients find peace in their daily lives by unpacking beliefs and behaviors that although once helpful, may be holding them back from the lives they want to live. I place an emphasis on helping clients to arrive at a place in their lives where they feel in alignment with their authentic self, connected to their bodies, and internal wisdom. I specialize in working with adults who face challenges related to trauma, anxiety, depression, binge eating, financial mindset, and self-esteem issues that impact dating, or work performance.
I am a Latina and first gen, psychologist. My mission is to help clients find peace in their daily lives by unpacking beliefs and behaviors that although once helpful, may be holding them back from the lives they want to live. I place an emphasis on helping clients to arrive at a place in their lives where they feel in alignment with their authentic self, connected to their bodies, and internal wisdom. I specialize in working with adults who face challenges related to trauma, anxiety, depression, binge eating, financial mindset, and self-esteem issues that impact dating, or work performance.
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Photo of Jessica Love Burnside, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Jessica Love Burnside
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60618
All my clients are on a journey towards wellness and healing, wherever they may be. I have worked with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families who have encountered various situations ranging from surviving family and community trauma, domestic violence, housing insecurity, and discrimination to experiencing anxiety, trauma, depression, life transitions, parenting special needs, and terminally ill children. I take pleasure in assisting individuals and couples with their relationships and navigating the intricate complexities involved.
All my clients are on a journey towards wellness and healing, wherever they may be. I have worked with children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families who have encountered various situations ranging from surviving family and community trauma, domestic violence, housing insecurity, and discrimination to experiencing anxiety, trauma, depression, life transitions, parenting special needs, and terminally ill children. I take pleasure in assisting individuals and couples with their relationships and navigating the intricate complexities involved.
(773) 322-1407 View (773) 322-1407
Photo of Daniel Laluna, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Daniel Laluna
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614
Dr. Daniel Laluna, Regional Clinical Director, is a licensed clinical psychologist, who has extensive experience and expertise providing neuropsychological/psychological testing, as well as therapy services for children, adolescents, and adults. He specializes in providing comprehensive testing evaluations (e. g. ADHD, Autism, IQ, Learning Disorders, Personality Disorders, Anxiety, Depression, Memory, and Pre-Surgical).
Dr. Daniel Laluna, Regional Clinical Director, is a licensed clinical psychologist, who has extensive experience and expertise providing neuropsychological/psychological testing, as well as therapy services for children, adolescents, and adults. He specializes in providing comprehensive testing evaluations (e. g. ADHD, Autism, IQ, Learning Disorders, Personality Disorders, Anxiety, Depression, Memory, and Pre-Surgical).
(872) 266-3719 View (872) 266-3719
Photo of Morgan McCowan, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Morgan McCowan
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601
Not accepting new clients
To me, healing necessarily occurs within the context of authentic relationships, particularly when healing from traumas, be they interpersonal, collective, and/or systemic. As a queer clinician, I am passionate about providing affirming and empowering care that honors clients’ unique resilience, adaptability, and sociocultural values. Using a relational-cultural lens, I enjoy taking a collaborative and strengths-based approach, curiously and compassionately exploring with clients all aspects of their identities, relationships, and experiences of the world.
To me, healing necessarily occurs within the context of authentic relationships, particularly when healing from traumas, be they interpersonal, collective, and/or systemic. As a queer clinician, I am passionate about providing affirming and empowering care that honors clients’ unique resilience, adaptability, and sociocultural values. Using a relational-cultural lens, I enjoy taking a collaborative and strengths-based approach, curiously and compassionately exploring with clients all aspects of their identities, relationships, and experiences of the world.
(773) 974-9517 View (773) 974-9517
Photo of Elizabeth Schaefer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Elizabeth Schaefer
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC, CADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
My clients want to make changes in their lives. They believe that healing is possible for both body and mind. When they feel safe enough, they bravely share the old stories about themselves and the no-longer-helpful ways of dealing with the world that kept them feeling sick or stuck. They keep showing up when the going gets rough, because they’ve seen for themselves that they can trust the process, and they’re willing to keep working it until it works, one day at a time.
My clients want to make changes in their lives. They believe that healing is possible for both body and mind. When they feel safe enough, they bravely share the old stories about themselves and the no-longer-helpful ways of dealing with the world that kept them feeling sick or stuck. They keep showing up when the going gets rough, because they’ve seen for themselves that they can trust the process, and they’re willing to keep working it until it works, one day at a time.
(312) 471-0895 x2 View (312) 471-0895 x2
Photo of Sarah Landolfi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Sarah Landolfi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
I work best with clients who are curious about themselves and who are ready to examine what could be better in their lives and relationships. You and I will collaborate to understand your current pain in terms of your past struggles and the protective coping strategies you've utilized to make it this far. We will build compassion for parts of you that may be critical, fearful, ashamed or hopeless, and we will study the relationships you have with these parts, with other people, and with the world while building skills to regulate your nervous system, inhabit your body more fully, and experience joy, connection and pleasure.
I work best with clients who are curious about themselves and who are ready to examine what could be better in their lives and relationships. You and I will collaborate to understand your current pain in terms of your past struggles and the protective coping strategies you've utilized to make it this far. We will build compassion for parts of you that may be critical, fearful, ashamed or hopeless, and we will study the relationships you have with these parts, with other people, and with the world while building skills to regulate your nervous system, inhabit your body more fully, and experience joy, connection and pleasure.
(224) 520-9323 View (224) 520-9323
Photo of Purposeful Pathways Counseling & Wellness Services, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Purposeful Pathways Counseling & Wellness Services
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60653  (Online Only)
Do you often feel powerless and overwhelmed with the stressors of everyday life? Suppose you are having trouble adjusting to the changes around you and maintaining relationships. Welcome to Purposeful Pathways Counseling & Wellness Services, a place where healing and growth are at the heart of everything we do. At Purposeful Pathways CW, we believe in the power of therapy to transform lives. We are here to help you navigate through difficult times, gain insight into your emotions and behaviors, and develop healthier ways to deal with routine stressors. Our goal is to empower you to create positive change and live a purposeful life.
Do you often feel powerless and overwhelmed with the stressors of everyday life? Suppose you are having trouble adjusting to the changes around you and maintaining relationships. Welcome to Purposeful Pathways Counseling & Wellness Services, a place where healing and growth are at the heart of everything we do. At Purposeful Pathways CW, we believe in the power of therapy to transform lives. We are here to help you navigate through difficult times, gain insight into your emotions and behaviors, and develop healthier ways to deal with routine stressors. Our goal is to empower you to create positive change and live a purposeful life.
(312) 854-7048 View (312) 854-7048
Photo of Emily Gumm, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Emily Gumm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
Life can bring all kinds of changes, some good, some unexpected and some difficult. Learning how to approach the ups and downs of life is a personal journey and everyone deserves a safe space to explore the tools that will best work for them. If you are going through changes in life and want to explore how you can bring your own values to find solutions, I am available to collaborate with you. I am committed to creating a non-judgmental atmosphere where we can look at life's challenges and find new approaches for managing the thoughts and feelings which arise.
Life can bring all kinds of changes, some good, some unexpected and some difficult. Learning how to approach the ups and downs of life is a personal journey and everyone deserves a safe space to explore the tools that will best work for them. If you are going through changes in life and want to explore how you can bring your own values to find solutions, I am available to collaborate with you. I am committed to creating a non-judgmental atmosphere where we can look at life's challenges and find new approaches for managing the thoughts and feelings which arise.
(773) 830-6916 View (773) 830-6916
Photo of Emily M Moquin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Emily M Moquin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60613
Not accepting new clients
To meet my clients where they are, I find it necessary to practice cultural humility and honor the client’s personal values, while offering resources on self-regulation, community empowerment/social justice, and healthy relationships. In my time as a clinician, I have worked with adults from a wide range of socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. More specifically, I have experience working with LGBTQIA+ populations, eating disorders, sex positivity, substance use, religious trauma, depression, anxiety, single event and complex trauma, family dysfunction, grief/bereavement, relationship problems, and Borderline Personality Disorder.
To meet my clients where they are, I find it necessary to practice cultural humility and honor the client’s personal values, while offering resources on self-regulation, community empowerment/social justice, and healthy relationships. In my time as a clinician, I have worked with adults from a wide range of socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. More specifically, I have experience working with LGBTQIA+ populations, eating disorders, sex positivity, substance use, religious trauma, depression, anxiety, single event and complex trauma, family dysfunction, grief/bereavement, relationship problems, and Borderline Personality Disorder.
(773) 570-1933 View (773) 570-1933
Photo of Sarah Bricker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Sarah Bricker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60618
As we navigate the turbulence and uncertainty of today, it can be transformative to expand our circle of support. As a therapist, I value the relationship and energy that we offer each other. The success of therapy is largely predicated on the quality of the therapeutic relationship. Do you feel valued and heard? Do you feel empowered and safe? Do you enjoy sharing the space with your therapist? Within a healthy therapeutic relationship, unhealthy habit patterns can be identified and replaced with more adaptive patterns and coping strategies.
As we navigate the turbulence and uncertainty of today, it can be transformative to expand our circle of support. As a therapist, I value the relationship and energy that we offer each other. The success of therapy is largely predicated on the quality of the therapeutic relationship. Do you feel valued and heard? Do you feel empowered and safe? Do you enjoy sharing the space with your therapist? Within a healthy therapeutic relationship, unhealthy habit patterns can be identified and replaced with more adaptive patterns and coping strategies.
(872) 206-9091 View (872) 206-9091

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
60% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.