Therapists in Leesburg, VA

Photo of Sarah Mahnaz Vanlandingham, Psychologist in Leesburg, VA
Sarah Mahnaz Vanlandingham
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Leesburg, VA 20176
Dr. Sarah M. Vanlandingham is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who specializes in psychological assessment and psychotherapy services for children, adolescents, and young adults. She employs a variety of psychological methods including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and interpersonal conceptual models and techniques to address a variety of difficulties. Dr. Vanlandingham is dedicated to providing comprehensive, reliable, evidenced-based psychological services. Her commitment to quality and patient outcomes always takes priority over volume.
Dr. Sarah M. Vanlandingham is a Licensed Clinical Psychologist who specializes in psychological assessment and psychotherapy services for children, adolescents, and young adults. She employs a variety of psychological methods including Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and interpersonal conceptual models and techniques to address a variety of difficulties. Dr. Vanlandingham is dedicated to providing comprehensive, reliable, evidenced-based psychological services. Her commitment to quality and patient outcomes always takes priority over volume.
(540) 202-1475 View (540) 202-1475
Photo of Jeffrey Shinal, Licensed Professional Counselor in Leesburg, VA
Jeffrey Shinal
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, BS Acc, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Leesburg, VA 20175
Do you struggle with difficult feelings, visceral memories, or relationship conflicts? Do you find yourself feeling unsupported or even rejected for your unconventional or unpopular beliefs? Today it can be difficult to find a space where you can discuss topics important to you. In a safe, nonjudgemental and supportive environment you can be heard and understood. You can feel better and do better, strengthening your emotional wellbeing.
Do you struggle with difficult feelings, visceral memories, or relationship conflicts? Do you find yourself feeling unsupported or even rejected for your unconventional or unpopular beliefs? Today it can be difficult to find a space where you can discuss topics important to you. In a safe, nonjudgemental and supportive environment you can be heard and understood. You can feel better and do better, strengthening your emotional wellbeing.
(703) 343-9036 View (703) 343-9036
Photo of Karishma Snider, Licensed Professional Counselor in Leesburg, VA
Karishma Snider
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Leesburg, VA 20175
Karishma Snider is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) from London, England. She completed her MS in Mental Health Counseling in Mississippi and is licensed in both the State of Mississippi and the State of Virginia, as well as a National Board Certified Counselor (NCC). She has 10 years of experience working in various treatment settings including inpatient, outpatient, long-term residential facilities and schools. She has worked with clients ranging from 7-55 years of age.
Karishma Snider is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) from London, England. She completed her MS in Mental Health Counseling in Mississippi and is licensed in both the State of Mississippi and the State of Virginia, as well as a National Board Certified Counselor (NCC). She has 10 years of experience working in various treatment settings including inpatient, outpatient, long-term residential facilities and schools. She has worked with clients ranging from 7-55 years of age.
(540) 296-2518 View (540) 296-2518
Photo of Jessie Bohnenkamp, Licensed Professional Counselor in Leesburg, VA
Jessie Bohnenkamp
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Leesburg, VA 20176  (Online Only)
You’re exhausted and overwhelmed by daily life. You love your family, but it’s so hard to enjoy them when you feel this way. You want to learn how to take care of yourself, so that you have the energy and space to be the type of parent, partner, friend, and person that you know you could be. It seems like it’s always just out of reach, and if you just pushed a little harder or finally got organized, you’d finally have a handle on it all. Maybe you can't even put your finger on anything that's wrong, but you just feel like things could feel better. Is this just normal? Would counseling even help? (Spoiler alert: yes and yes)
You’re exhausted and overwhelmed by daily life. You love your family, but it’s so hard to enjoy them when you feel this way. You want to learn how to take care of yourself, so that you have the energy and space to be the type of parent, partner, friend, and person that you know you could be. It seems like it’s always just out of reach, and if you just pushed a little harder or finally got organized, you’d finally have a handle on it all. Maybe you can't even put your finger on anything that's wrong, but you just feel like things could feel better. Is this just normal? Would counseling even help? (Spoiler alert: yes and yes)
(703) 687-1553 View (703) 687-1553
Photo of Ann Ford, Licensed Professional Counselor in Leesburg, VA
Ann Ford
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Leesburg, VA 20175
Psychotherapy profoundly changes lives, and I believe the relationship or "fit" between the therapist and client is one of the most important factors in a successful psychotherapy. My hope is to create a trusting, compassionate relationship, and a private experience in which you feel understood. I can help you better understand the underlying issues which may be contributing to your struggles. You will begin to feel relieved, feel better about yourself, create better relationships, make clearer decisions, resolve painful past experiences, and feel more in control of your life.
Psychotherapy profoundly changes lives, and I believe the relationship or "fit" between the therapist and client is one of the most important factors in a successful psychotherapy. My hope is to create a trusting, compassionate relationship, and a private experience in which you feel understood. I can help you better understand the underlying issues which may be contributing to your struggles. You will begin to feel relieved, feel better about yourself, create better relationships, make clearer decisions, resolve painful past experiences, and feel more in control of your life.
(540) 202-2121 View (540) 202-2121
Photo of Oriele Avalos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Leesburg, VA
Oriele Avalos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Leesburg, VA 20176  (Online Only)
Two of the most important things in life are to feel understood and have a sense of belonging. However, when we experience challenges in our lives, it’s difficult to feel this way. My role as a bilingual therapist is to provide support and hold a safe space for you while discovering ways to cope with these challenges and develop skills to promote awareness, growth and healing in your life. During my career in the human services field for over 16 years, my passion has been to assist individuals and families cope with depression, anxiety, stress, mood challenges, acculturation and adjustment as a result of migration, and trauma.
Two of the most important things in life are to feel understood and have a sense of belonging. However, when we experience challenges in our lives, it’s difficult to feel this way. My role as a bilingual therapist is to provide support and hold a safe space for you while discovering ways to cope with these challenges and develop skills to promote awareness, growth and healing in your life. During my career in the human services field for over 16 years, my passion has been to assist individuals and families cope with depression, anxiety, stress, mood challenges, acculturation and adjustment as a result of migration, and trauma.
(540) 696-5939 View (540) 696-5939
Photo of Rebecca Mello, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Leesburg, VA
Rebecca Mello
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Leesburg, VA 20176
Searching for help can feel overwhelming. Finding the right fit can seem just as difficult. I believe that the therapeutic relationship plays an essential role in the successful outcome of treatment. I work to establish a connection from the start and offer a collaborative, open and supportive approach. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 13 years of experience working in the behavioral health field. I work with individuals struggling with mood instability, sleep difficulties, anxiety, depression, trauma, abuse, substance abuse concerns, and difficulty adjusting to life's changes.
Searching for help can feel overwhelming. Finding the right fit can seem just as difficult. I believe that the therapeutic relationship plays an essential role in the successful outcome of treatment. I work to establish a connection from the start and offer a collaborative, open and supportive approach. I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with 13 years of experience working in the behavioral health field. I work with individuals struggling with mood instability, sleep difficulties, anxiety, depression, trauma, abuse, substance abuse concerns, and difficulty adjusting to life's changes.
(540) 701-0314 View (540) 701-0314
Photo of Michelle Capozzi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Leesburg, VA
Michelle Capozzi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Leesburg, VA 20176
Michelle is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the state of Virginia and a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional (CCATP). She received her Masters in Clinical Social Work from George Mason University and is enhancing her career by pursuing a Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology from Liberty University. Michelle has a wide range of clinical experiences working with all age groups in acute hospitalization, intensive outpatient treatment, and residential treatment. She specializes in treating anxiety, panic, stress management, and perfectionism.
Michelle is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) in the state of Virginia and a Certified Clinical Anxiety Treatment Professional (CCATP). She received her Masters in Clinical Social Work from George Mason University and is enhancing her career by pursuing a Ph.D. in Developmental Psychology from Liberty University. Michelle has a wide range of clinical experiences working with all age groups in acute hospitalization, intensive outpatient treatment, and residential treatment. She specializes in treating anxiety, panic, stress management, and perfectionism.
(540) 302-6965 View (540) 302-6965
Photo of Hopeworks Counseling , Licensed Professional Counselor in Leesburg, VA
Hopeworks Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Leesburg, VA 20175  (Online Only)
Imani Hagans has been in the mental health field for over 15 years and has worked with clients from all walks of life in both inpatient and outpatient settings. She has experience with treating couples, adults and adolescents. Imani has also worked with people who are experiencing anxiety, depression, PTSD, trauma, substance abuse disorders and issues related to grief and loss.
Imani Hagans has been in the mental health field for over 15 years and has worked with clients from all walks of life in both inpatient and outpatient settings. She has experience with treating couples, adults and adolescents. Imani has also worked with people who are experiencing anxiety, depression, PTSD, trauma, substance abuse disorders and issues related to grief and loss.
(540) 924-3241 View (540) 924-3241
Photo of Robert Verdile, Psychologist in Leesburg, VA
Robert Verdile
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Leesburg, VA 20175
My practice is equally divided between the disciplines of psychotherapy and psychological testing. While my understanding of psychological distress is rooted in psychodynamic principles, I use cogntive behavioral techniques to assist clinets. I accept referrals for evaluation of attention deficit disorder and learning disorder and for diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.
My practice is equally divided between the disciplines of psychotherapy and psychological testing. While my understanding of psychological distress is rooted in psychodynamic principles, I use cogntive behavioral techniques to assist clinets. I accept referrals for evaluation of attention deficit disorder and learning disorder and for diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.
(703) 988-6432 View (703) 988-6432
Photo of Deeba Chadha, Licensed Professional Counselor in Leesburg, VA
Deeba Chadha
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC
Verified Verified
Leesburg, VA 20176
Deeba Khumar-Chadha has a master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling and doctoral degree in Counselor Education and Supervision. Deeba is Licensed as a Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Virginia and will be facilitating the counseling session using predominantly Client Centered, Cognitive Behavioral therapy, Interpersonal therapy and Solution Focused therapy. The majority of Deeba's experience is working with adults and adolescents with concerns regarding depression, anxiety, postpartum depression, self-esteem, and career counseling.
Deeba Khumar-Chadha has a master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling and doctoral degree in Counselor Education and Supervision. Deeba is Licensed as a Professional Counselor (LPC) in the state of Virginia and will be facilitating the counseling session using predominantly Client Centered, Cognitive Behavioral therapy, Interpersonal therapy and Solution Focused therapy. The majority of Deeba's experience is working with adults and adolescents with concerns regarding depression, anxiety, postpartum depression, self-esteem, and career counseling.
(540) 712-8420 View (540) 712-8420
Photo of Alison Bartley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Leesburg, VA
Alison Bartley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Leesburg, VA 20175
Hi, I'm Alison! I'm a licensed clinical social worker and I combine mindfulness with expressive arts to help clients meet the wellness goals they set for themselves. I work with clients who seek therapy for a variety of concerns. I have a background in education and have over a decade of experience working with youth and young adults. I focus on skill-building so that my clients can become confident and self-sufficient when facing real-life challenges outside of therapy.
Hi, I'm Alison! I'm a licensed clinical social worker and I combine mindfulness with expressive arts to help clients meet the wellness goals they set for themselves. I work with clients who seek therapy for a variety of concerns. I have a background in education and have over a decade of experience working with youth and young adults. I focus on skill-building so that my clients can become confident and self-sufficient when facing real-life challenges outside of therapy.
(571) 554-6462 View (571) 554-6462
Photo of Katie Chandler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Leesburg, VA
Katie Chandler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C, EMDR-C
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Leesburg, VA 20175
Voted Best of Fairfax in Counseling for 2021. I believe in a holistic approach that focuses on a patient's strengths. I work with my clients to develop a treatment plan that will address the whole person and their specific needs. I specialize in EMDR, Brainspotting, trauma, and the psychological symptoms related to Lyme and autoimmune disease. Other areas of expertise include depression, anxiety, life adjustments, bipolar disorder, substance abuse and chronic illness.
Voted Best of Fairfax in Counseling for 2021. I believe in a holistic approach that focuses on a patient's strengths. I work with my clients to develop a treatment plan that will address the whole person and their specific needs. I specialize in EMDR, Brainspotting, trauma, and the psychological symptoms related to Lyme and autoimmune disease. Other areas of expertise include depression, anxiety, life adjustments, bipolar disorder, substance abuse and chronic illness.
(571) 206-8609 View (571) 206-8609
Photo of Carrie Nowell, Psychologist in Leesburg, VA
Carrie Nowell
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Leesburg, VA 20175
Dr. Nowell believes therapy should be an empathetic, flexible process designed to meet the needs of the client. Therefore, she tends to focus on relationship issues, family dynamics, and coping mechanisms while attempting to reveal the personal strengths that lead to successful life engagement. Concerned with immediate relief but also focused on deeper change, Dr. Nowell works in short and long term interventions in order to increase functional capacities and address personality dynamics. Most recently, Dr. Nowell takes a trauma informed approach. At times, she uses EMDR and Ego State therapy techniques.
Dr. Nowell believes therapy should be an empathetic, flexible process designed to meet the needs of the client. Therefore, she tends to focus on relationship issues, family dynamics, and coping mechanisms while attempting to reveal the personal strengths that lead to successful life engagement. Concerned with immediate relief but also focused on deeper change, Dr. Nowell works in short and long term interventions in order to increase functional capacities and address personality dynamics. Most recently, Dr. Nowell takes a trauma informed approach. At times, she uses EMDR and Ego State therapy techniques.
(540) 917-5798 View (540) 917-5798
Photo of Tracy Carter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Leesburg, VA
Tracy Carter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Leesburg, VA 20175
People tend to come to counseling when they're dealing with something NEW or something old that has gotten BIGGER than they can handle on their own. Counseling is a private, safe place to process those life events and/or symptoms of mental health. With over 15 years of experience, I have helped many clients reach their goals. I have experience in all areas of mental health, life transitions, and relationship issues. By working together, we will identify challenges and develop healthy solutions to improve your present situation. The strategies and tools you learn will continue to benefit you even after counseling has ended.
People tend to come to counseling when they're dealing with something NEW or something old that has gotten BIGGER than they can handle on their own. Counseling is a private, safe place to process those life events and/or symptoms of mental health. With over 15 years of experience, I have helped many clients reach their goals. I have experience in all areas of mental health, life transitions, and relationship issues. By working together, we will identify challenges and develop healthy solutions to improve your present situation. The strategies and tools you learn will continue to benefit you even after counseling has ended.
(703) 303-5946 View (703) 303-5946
Photo of Kimberly Culpepper, Licensed Professional Counselor in Leesburg, VA
Kimberly Culpepper
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Leesburg, VA 20175  (Online Only)
Since 2010, I have been in private practice helping women and adolescents work through anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, OCD, relationship issues, trauma, chronic health issues, everyday stressors and adjustments to life’s everchanging dynamics. I am trained in EMDR therapy through EMDRIA and can provide this effectively via telehealth. Together, with the client, we work as a team to achieve their desired goals.
Since 2010, I have been in private practice helping women and adolescents work through anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, OCD, relationship issues, trauma, chronic health issues, everyday stressors and adjustments to life’s everchanging dynamics. I am trained in EMDR therapy through EMDRIA and can provide this effectively via telehealth. Together, with the client, we work as a team to achieve their desired goals.
(571) 200-0797 View (571) 200-0797
Photo of Molly N. Julien, Licensed Professional Counselor in Leesburg, VA
Molly N. Julien
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Leesburg, VA 20175
Are you seeking nonjudgmental support, a resource for change? If you're ready, I look forward to helping you. I am passionate about empowering people to live their lives to the fullest. I believe that through self-discovery and self-awareness, each of us can find freedom from our pasts and establish peace within ourselves.
Are you seeking nonjudgmental support, a resource for change? If you're ready, I look forward to helping you. I am passionate about empowering people to live their lives to the fullest. I believe that through self-discovery and self-awareness, each of us can find freedom from our pasts and establish peace within ourselves.
(540) 210-0925 View (540) 210-0925
Photo of Ben W Franklin, Psychologist in Leesburg, VA
Ben W Franklin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Leesburg, VA 20175
I believe that it is a privilege to work with people who are in distress. Attentive listening, empathic response, and sound feedback can help individuals of all ages get through difficult life events, often becoming stronger through the process. Lives in transition, despite pain and disruption, can be lives that are transforming to become sounder, more flexible, and less bound by former roadblocks and repetitive missteps. I strive to understand my clients in the context of all that is going on in their lives, not defined by diagnostic category only.
I believe that it is a privilege to work with people who are in distress. Attentive listening, empathic response, and sound feedback can help individuals of all ages get through difficult life events, often becoming stronger through the process. Lives in transition, despite pain and disruption, can be lives that are transforming to become sounder, more flexible, and less bound by former roadblocks and repetitive missteps. I strive to understand my clients in the context of all that is going on in their lives, not defined by diagnostic category only.
(703) 991-0971 View (703) 991-0971
Photo of Katherine Phillips, Licensed Professional Counselor in Leesburg, VA
Katherine Phillips
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Leesburg, VA 20175
Are you looking for someone to talk to about your past and present struggles? Do you need an outside perspective to share insight on your life? Do you feel isolated, overwhelmed and stressed out? You've come to the right place! With over a decade of experience working with clients and their families, I am passionate about partnering with my clients to see them heal and reach their full potential!
Are you looking for someone to talk to about your past and present struggles? Do you need an outside perspective to share insight on your life? Do you feel isolated, overwhelmed and stressed out? You've come to the right place! With over a decade of experience working with clients and their families, I am passionate about partnering with my clients to see them heal and reach their full potential!
(540) 766-5526 View (540) 766-5526
Photo of Matthew Rich, Pre-Licensed Professional in Leesburg, VA
Matthew Rich
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSSA, LMSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Leesburg, VA 20175
In life, we are constantly faced with trials and obstacles that can cause us to worry about our futures and what they hold for us. This often leads to spending much of our time and energy fixated on things that are out of our control, which causes more suffering than is needed. I have found that helping my patients to accept what they cannot control and focus their efforts on what they can control to be an effective way of creating a life worth living, regardless of whether they are facing problems like anxiety, depression, trauma, or eating disorders.
In life, we are constantly faced with trials and obstacles that can cause us to worry about our futures and what they hold for us. This often leads to spending much of our time and energy fixated on things that are out of our control, which causes more suffering than is needed. I have found that helping my patients to accept what they cannot control and focus their efforts on what they can control to be an effective way of creating a life worth living, regardless of whether they are facing problems like anxiety, depression, trauma, or eating disorders.
(571) 601-2966 View (571) 601-2966

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Leesburg, VA

300+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Leesburg, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
90% Depression
76% Self Esteem
73% Coping Skills
71% Relationship Issues
63% Trauma and PTSD
58% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Cigna and Evernorth
67% BlueCross and BlueShield
64% Aetna

How Therapists in Leesburg, VA see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

86% Female
14% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Leesburg?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.