Therapists in Cranston, RI

Photo of Martha Iachetta, Marriage & Family Therapist in Cranston, RI
Martha Iachetta
Marriage & Family Therapist, MEd, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cranston, RI 02905
Thank you for your interest. Unfortunately I am unable to take on any new clients at this time. Please feel free to check back as I open up my practice every few months. I am a seasoned therapist with more than twenty years of success helping people from late adolescence to adulthood experience healing and lasting change. I utilize a positive, motivational counseling approach that helps people identify goals for themselves, notice where they are stuck, and move towards making meaningful shifts in their lives. As one client recently put it, I am appreciated for how I help people "think outside the box."
Thank you for your interest. Unfortunately I am unable to take on any new clients at this time. Please feel free to check back as I open up my practice every few months. I am a seasoned therapist with more than twenty years of success helping people from late adolescence to adulthood experience healing and lasting change. I utilize a positive, motivational counseling approach that helps people identify goals for themselves, notice where they are stuck, and move towards making meaningful shifts in their lives. As one client recently put it, I am appreciated for how I help people "think outside the box."
(401) 519-7782 View (401) 519-7782
Photo of David A. Tulli, Counseling and Psychotherapy, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cranston, RI
David A. Tulli, Counseling and Psychotherapy
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cranston, RI 02910
Not accepting new clients
My job is not to tell you what to do. Or even give you advice. Or presume that I know what's better for you than you do. My job is to support you emotionally and listen non-judgementally as you find your way through life's bumps and bruises. No doubt that dealing with people and situations is often stressful. But it's our own conflicting values and desires about how to handle these things that tend to make us anxious, depressed...stuck. What I do is compassionately listen and then gently point out where you sound conflcted.
My job is not to tell you what to do. Or even give you advice. Or presume that I know what's better for you than you do. My job is to support you emotionally and listen non-judgementally as you find your way through life's bumps and bruises. No doubt that dealing with people and situations is often stressful. But it's our own conflicting values and desires about how to handle these things that tend to make us anxious, depressed...stuck. What I do is compassionately listen and then gently point out where you sound conflcted.
(401) 680-9273 View (401) 680-9273
Photo of Akamin Victor Nkengaka, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cranston, RI
Akamin Victor Nkengaka
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02920
Hi there, I'm Dr. Nkengaka, My name is Akamin Nkengaka and earned a Doctor of Philosophy in Behavioral health, a Master of Social Work (MSW) and a Bachelor of Arts in Social Work. I am a License Clinical Social Worker, (LCSW) in Rhode Island (RI) and a License Advance Alcohol and Drugs Counselor (LAADC) in California. I am working with clients statewide via tele health setting. I work with adolescents and adults and specialize in anxiety, stress, depression, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Holistic approach to help my clients make progress and start feeling better.
Hi there, I'm Dr. Nkengaka, My name is Akamin Nkengaka and earned a Doctor of Philosophy in Behavioral health, a Master of Social Work (MSW) and a Bachelor of Arts in Social Work. I am a License Clinical Social Worker, (LCSW) in Rhode Island (RI) and a License Advance Alcohol and Drugs Counselor (LAADC) in California. I am working with clients statewide via tele health setting. I work with adolescents and adults and specialize in anxiety, stress, depression, using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Holistic approach to help my clients make progress and start feeling better.
(401) 561-2906 View (401) 561-2906
Photo of Barbara A Belhumeur, Counselor in Cranston, RI
Barbara A Belhumeur
Counselor, MA, CAGS, CRC, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02910  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
A natural evolution from the Covid pandemic, I am currently conducting only tele-therapy sessions that are secure and protected. Myself and clients are equally enjoying the freedom to meet in a chosen environment. For new clients, we can chat about goals and expectations and see if you have a comfort level to try therapy within some technology. This mode of conducting sessions lends itself well to greater time flexibility. Let’s explore it! Barbara
A natural evolution from the Covid pandemic, I am currently conducting only tele-therapy sessions that are secure and protected. Myself and clients are equally enjoying the freedom to meet in a chosen environment. For new clients, we can chat about goals and expectations and see if you have a comfort level to try therapy within some technology. This mode of conducting sessions lends itself well to greater time flexibility. Let’s explore it! Barbara
(401) 515-4990 View (401) 515-4990
Photo of Wellness Within Counseling Center, LLC, Counselor in Cranston, RI
Wellness Within Counseling Center, LLC
Counselor, MA, CAGS, LMHC, LCDP, CCDP-D
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02910
If you're looking for individualized counseling which focuses on personal growth, you've come to the right place. Wellness Within Counseling Center is dedicated to improving the lives of individuals who are having difficulty in their lives. Wellness Within was formed in 2004 by Elisa Reid and Marie Capobianco who have over 24 years experience each in treating individuals in the Rhode Island area. Let us put our experience to work for you.
If you're looking for individualized counseling which focuses on personal growth, you've come to the right place. Wellness Within Counseling Center is dedicated to improving the lives of individuals who are having difficulty in their lives. Wellness Within was formed in 2004 by Elisa Reid and Marie Capobianco who have over 24 years experience each in treating individuals in the Rhode Island area. Let us put our experience to work for you.
(401) 217-4624 View (401) 217-4624
Photo of Karen Peters-Bowden, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cranston, RI
Karen Peters-Bowden
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02905
I work with Individuals and families to address their current issues and concerns preventing them from achieving healthier more satisfying lives and relationships. Through an interactive process and various treatment modalities, clients are engaged in healing from past hurts, finding and/or restoring balance in their lives and developing healthier coping techniques.
I work with Individuals and families to address their current issues and concerns preventing them from achieving healthier more satisfying lives and relationships. Through an interactive process and various treatment modalities, clients are engaged in healing from past hurts, finding and/or restoring balance in their lives and developing healthier coping techniques.
(401) 396-0795 View (401) 396-0795
Photo of Amy Johanna Ahlberg, Counselor in Cranston, RI
Amy Johanna Ahlberg
Counselor, MA, CGS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02920
Many of my clients contact me for support in one or more areas of their life that are challenging, such as marital or relationship discord; job or career dissatisfaction; feeling that life is passing one by; uncertainty with one's path in life; disproportionate dwelling on the past or future; or seeking empathic support for grief, loss, or unresolved past or recent trauma. Most ask to learn skills to increase distress tolerance, reduce ruminations, accept uncertainty, nurture self-compassion and self-worth, improve communication style, navigate co-existence with a difficult, unavoidable person (relative, colleague , etc), and more.
Many of my clients contact me for support in one or more areas of their life that are challenging, such as marital or relationship discord; job or career dissatisfaction; feeling that life is passing one by; uncertainty with one's path in life; disproportionate dwelling on the past or future; or seeking empathic support for grief, loss, or unresolved past or recent trauma. Most ask to learn skills to increase distress tolerance, reduce ruminations, accept uncertainty, nurture self-compassion and self-worth, improve communication style, navigate co-existence with a difficult, unavoidable person (relative, colleague , etc), and more.
(401) 227-3735 View (401) 227-3735
Photo of Ancha S Santana, Counselor in Cranston, RI
Ancha S Santana
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02905  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Daily living can be challenging, and with the added stress brought on by the current pandemic, many of us are struggling with our mental health. I specialize in working with clients who find themselves struggling with the effects that racism, homophobia, xenophobia and micro aggressions have on mood and overall mental health. I have over 20 years of experience working with and treating adolescents and adults from historically marginalized communites, as well as my own lived experience as a Black immigrant.
Daily living can be challenging, and with the added stress brought on by the current pandemic, many of us are struggling with our mental health. I specialize in working with clients who find themselves struggling with the effects that racism, homophobia, xenophobia and micro aggressions have on mood and overall mental health. I have over 20 years of experience working with and treating adolescents and adults from historically marginalized communites, as well as my own lived experience as a Black immigrant.
(401) 293-4078 View (401) 293-4078
Photo of Eileen Curran, LICSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cranston, RI
Eileen Curran, LICSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Cranston, RI 02920
Not accepting new clients
I am an interactive, solution focused therapist. My therapeutic approach is aimed at providing support and practical feedback to assist individuals and couples with adjusting to life's challenges. My practice is open to adolescents and adults. I have twenty-years -of -experience as a Board Certified Clinical Social Worker.
I am an interactive, solution focused therapist. My therapeutic approach is aimed at providing support and practical feedback to assist individuals and couples with adjusting to life's challenges. My practice is open to adolescents and adults. I have twenty-years -of -experience as a Board Certified Clinical Social Worker.
(401) 415-6017 View (401) 415-6017
Photo of Jeff A Marsella, Counselor in Cranston, RI
Jeff A Marsella
Counselor, MA, CAGS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02920
I truly feel that anyone can benefit from therapeutic training and guidance. Personally, I have always seen therapy to be more of a intense joint partnership focused on a client's personal achievement, exploration of their untapped potential and opportunities and utilizing their strengths to balance them out. Therapy should be to the mind what diet and exercise is to the body. Solid, result-focused training that builds upon an individual's strengths to provide them with the tools necessary to not only face the challenges of their life, but also to explore the rich landscape they have WITHIN.
I truly feel that anyone can benefit from therapeutic training and guidance. Personally, I have always seen therapy to be more of a intense joint partnership focused on a client's personal achievement, exploration of their untapped potential and opportunities and utilizing their strengths to balance them out. Therapy should be to the mind what diet and exercise is to the body. Solid, result-focused training that builds upon an individual's strengths to provide them with the tools necessary to not only face the challenges of their life, but also to explore the rich landscape they have WITHIN.
(401) 305-4628 View (401) 305-4628
Photo of Joseph M Pizzuti, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cranston, RI
Joseph M Pizzuti
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Cranston, RI 02921
**UPDATED 3/24/23, Limited Openings** EMAIL is best form of communication for scheduling initial appointments. I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker/ Psychotherapist in the state of RI. I have been working in the human services field for over 15 years in a variety of settings; including private agencies, outpatient clinics, school departments, and hospital settings; while serving children, adolescents, and adults. In addition, I have extensive experience supporting individuals with intellectual disabilities.
**UPDATED 3/24/23, Limited Openings** EMAIL is best form of communication for scheduling initial appointments. I am a Licensed Independent Clinical Social Worker/ Psychotherapist in the state of RI. I have been working in the human services field for over 15 years in a variety of settings; including private agencies, outpatient clinics, school departments, and hospital settings; while serving children, adolescents, and adults. In addition, I have extensive experience supporting individuals with intellectual disabilities.
(401) 307-4108 View (401) 307-4108
Photo of Olivia Moon, Counselor in Cranston, RI
Olivia Moon
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02921
Hello, and thank you for stopping by my page! I am currently accepting NEW clients. The approach I take with therapy is eclectic, as every person’s needs are different. My goal as your therapist is to provide a safe and comfortable space for you to be yourself and assist you in achieving your goals. We are all human, and part of being human means making mistakes. I make them too! None of us are perfect, and I strive to create a non-judgement/bias-free environment for all of my clients. The road isn't always easy, but we can do this together!
Hello, and thank you for stopping by my page! I am currently accepting NEW clients. The approach I take with therapy is eclectic, as every person’s needs are different. My goal as your therapist is to provide a safe and comfortable space for you to be yourself and assist you in achieving your goals. We are all human, and part of being human means making mistakes. I make them too! None of us are perfect, and I strive to create a non-judgement/bias-free environment for all of my clients. The road isn't always easy, but we can do this together!
(401) 313-4727 View (401) 313-4727
Photo of Guliana Signorelli, Psychological Associate in Cranston, RI
Guliana Signorelli
Psychological Associate, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02905
Life is good, you're confident and relatively successful... at least it used to feel this way, but lately your level of anxiety has increased to a point that's almost unbearable. You feel like you don't belong, constantly second guessing your decisions, and you're constantly comparing yourself to your friends, siblings, and parents. You find yourself zoning out, unable to focus, and procrastinating. You feel overwhelmed and want to do something about it.
Life is good, you're confident and relatively successful... at least it used to feel this way, but lately your level of anxiety has increased to a point that's almost unbearable. You feel like you don't belong, constantly second guessing your decisions, and you're constantly comparing yourself to your friends, siblings, and parents. You find yourself zoning out, unable to focus, and procrastinating. You feel overwhelmed and want to do something about it.
(401) 373-4463 View (401) 373-4463
Photo of Grace Full Counseling, Counselor in Cranston, RI
Grace Full Counseling
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02920  (Online Only)
Hi! My name is Ana Torrado. I am a bilingual licensed mental health clinician. I was born and raised in Colombia and moved to the U.S. when I was nine. I am a wife, mother, sister, daughter, and friend. Like you, I live in this multifaceted world filled with many challenges and uncertainty. After years of counseling, using theories and methods of the current psychology field, as the framework for therapy interventions, I have come to learn that true healing is incomplete without Jesus at the center.
Hi! My name is Ana Torrado. I am a bilingual licensed mental health clinician. I was born and raised in Colombia and moved to the U.S. when I was nine. I am a wife, mother, sister, daughter, and friend. Like you, I live in this multifaceted world filled with many challenges and uncertainty. After years of counseling, using theories and methods of the current psychology field, as the framework for therapy interventions, I have come to learn that true healing is incomplete without Jesus at the center.
(401) 496-8902 View (401) 496-8902
Photo of Joao Vasconcelos, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cranston, RI
Joao Vasconcelos
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02920
As a dedicated psychotherapist, I am passionate about providing a safe and empathetic space for Veterans to explore their thoughts and emotions. With a strong foundation in evidence-based practices, I strive to foster growth and healing in my clients. My approach integrates various therapeutic modalities, tailored to meet the unique needs of each individual. Committed to ongoing professional development, I am dedicated to staying current of the latest research and techniques in the field. Together, we can embark on a journey towards self-discovery and positive change.
As a dedicated psychotherapist, I am passionate about providing a safe and empathetic space for Veterans to explore their thoughts and emotions. With a strong foundation in evidence-based practices, I strive to foster growth and healing in my clients. My approach integrates various therapeutic modalities, tailored to meet the unique needs of each individual. Committed to ongoing professional development, I am dedicated to staying current of the latest research and techniques in the field. Together, we can embark on a journey towards self-discovery and positive change.
(401) 400-1314 View (401) 400-1314
Photo of David Lacey, Counselor in Cranston, RI
David Lacey
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02910
David Lacey specializes in providing psychotherapy to adults, adolescents and couples who are struggling with a variety of issues including: depression, anxiety, personality, marital and interpersonal. He has done extensive work in the area of Co-Occurring Disorders, SPMI and Personality Disorders in Rhode island, Massachusetts and New Mexico. Graduate School: Psy. D. From Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology, M. Ed. From Boston University. Undergraduate: University of California, Irvine.
David Lacey specializes in providing psychotherapy to adults, adolescents and couples who are struggling with a variety of issues including: depression, anxiety, personality, marital and interpersonal. He has done extensive work in the area of Co-Occurring Disorders, SPMI and Personality Disorders in Rhode island, Massachusetts and New Mexico. Graduate School: Psy. D. From Massachusetts School of Professional Psychology, M. Ed. From Boston University. Undergraduate: University of California, Irvine.
(401) 249-4062 View (401) 249-4062
Photo of Lauren M. Walker, Counselor in Cranston, RI
Lauren M. Walker
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02920
I have worked in many environments including community mental health centers, home based environments, public schools, and private practice. These experiences have allowed me to empathize with both children and adults facing varying struggles including poor social skills, traumatic events including sexual abuse, depression, anxiety, socioeconomic concerns, symptoms related to ADHD, as well as family and relationship concerns.
I have worked in many environments including community mental health centers, home based environments, public schools, and private practice. These experiences have allowed me to empathize with both children and adults facing varying struggles including poor social skills, traumatic events including sexual abuse, depression, anxiety, socioeconomic concerns, symptoms related to ADHD, as well as family and relationship concerns.
(401) 537-1054 View (401) 537-1054
Photo of Directions For Life, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cranston, RI
Directions For Life
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02920
If you're stuck or looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I look forward to working with you to achieve your goals. We empower lives one problem at a time by working together. I believe that each of us has more inner strength than we know. The key to unlocking this strength is recognizing what triggers our behaviors and addictions. My goal is to help you gain insight, self discovery, and identify positive qualities while empowering you to be your best self.
If you're stuck or looking for extra support and guidance through a challenging situation or you're just ready to move in a new direction in your life, I look forward to working with you to achieve your goals. We empower lives one problem at a time by working together. I believe that each of us has more inner strength than we know. The key to unlocking this strength is recognizing what triggers our behaviors and addictions. My goal is to help you gain insight, self discovery, and identify positive qualities while empowering you to be your best self.
(401) 281-8371 View (401) 281-8371
Photo of Lori Dorsey, LICSW, LCDCS, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Cranston, RI
Lori Dorsey, LICSW, LCDCS
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCDCS
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02910
I have been treating adults and adolescents, ages 16 and older with substance use and mental health conditions for more than 30 years. My counseling approaches depend on assessment of your issues and which type can help you best. I will often use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in my practice as we explore what brought you to therapy, and then can decide the most appropriate ways to help you make progress. CBT can help identify how your thoughts and beliefs affect your emotions and behaviors, and help you learn to change them for the better.
I have been treating adults and adolescents, ages 16 and older with substance use and mental health conditions for more than 30 years. My counseling approaches depend on assessment of your issues and which type can help you best. I will often use Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in my practice as we explore what brought you to therapy, and then can decide the most appropriate ways to help you make progress. CBT can help identify how your thoughts and beliefs affect your emotions and behaviors, and help you learn to change them for the better.
(401) 593-4066 View (401) 593-4066
Photo of Bennett Z Hirsch, Psychologist in Cranston, RI
Bennett Z Hirsch
Psychologist, PhD, JD, MA
Verified Verified
Cranston, RI 02910
In practice from1989, providing a full range of therapeutic services to children, adolescents, adults, families and couples. Worked 25 years as a full-time School Psychologist in addition to maintaining a Private Practice. I specialize in Child and Family, ADHD, and the full spectrum of emotional, behavioral, school-related and learning problems. My also perform Psychological testing and Neuro-Psychological assessments. I am a past president and former board member of the RI Chapter of the National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse. I have successfully passed the RI Bar.
In practice from1989, providing a full range of therapeutic services to children, adolescents, adults, families and couples. Worked 25 years as a full-time School Psychologist in addition to maintaining a Private Practice. I specialize in Child and Family, ADHD, and the full spectrum of emotional, behavioral, school-related and learning problems. My also perform Psychological testing and Neuro-Psychological assessments. I am a past president and former board member of the RI Chapter of the National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse. I have successfully passed the RI Bar.
(401) 356-3091 View (401) 356-3091

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Cranston, RI

200+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Cranston, RI who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Self Esteem
77% Relationship Issues
77% Coping Skills
66% Trauma and PTSD
65% Stress

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% BlueCross and BlueShield
80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
55% Optum

How Therapists in Cranston, RI see their clients

77% In Person and Online
23% Online Only

Gender breakdown

75% Female
23% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Cranston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.