Therapists in Conyers, GA

Photo of Lacy West, Counselor in Conyers, GA
Lacy West
Counselor, APC, ATR, AAT, CTP, CAGCS
Verified Verified
Conyers, GA 30013
Not accepting new clients
Hello! I’m Lacy West, and I'm a Pediatric Psychotherapist specializing in Art and Animal-Assisted Therapy. I started my therapy journey with my therapy dog, Samson Lee, THD, CGC. I am experienced in working with individuals of all ages and have an extensive history working with children ages 4-11 years old. I have a background in providing therapy services in schools, hospitals, senior facilities, and in office settings. In addition to counseling children, I use my talents to support kids as an active leader in my church's youth program!
Hello! I’m Lacy West, and I'm a Pediatric Psychotherapist specializing in Art and Animal-Assisted Therapy. I started my therapy journey with my therapy dog, Samson Lee, THD, CGC. I am experienced in working with individuals of all ages and have an extensive history working with children ages 4-11 years old. I have a background in providing therapy services in schools, hospitals, senior facilities, and in office settings. In addition to counseling children, I use my talents to support kids as an active leader in my church's youth program!
(678) 932-1790 View (678) 932-1790
Photo of Aundretta Wood, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Conyers, GA
Aundretta Wood
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCATPca
Verified Verified
Conyers, GA 30094
There is a part of me that feels extremely anxious. There is a part of me that gets really sad and down at times. There is a part of part of me that can hardly get out of bed some days. There is a part of me that needs to take care of everyone and everything. There is a part of me that wants to check out and escape from all the responsibilities I have. There is a part of me that thinks about dying and a part of me that wants to live. There is a part of me that …. How many times have we all had these feelings or thoughts that come over us that seem conflicting at times but represent how we are feeling in the moment.
There is a part of me that feels extremely anxious. There is a part of me that gets really sad and down at times. There is a part of part of me that can hardly get out of bed some days. There is a part of me that needs to take care of everyone and everything. There is a part of me that wants to check out and escape from all the responsibilities I have. There is a part of me that thinks about dying and a part of me that wants to live. There is a part of me that …. How many times have we all had these feelings or thoughts that come over us that seem conflicting at times but represent how we are feeling in the moment.
(470) 412-7977 View (470) 412-7977
Photo of Rapha House Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Conyers, GA
Rapha House Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Conyers, GA 30094
I am a Christian counselor, who specializes in working with children, adults and families. I am passionate about helping people overcome the obstacles, which prevent them from being the very best they can be. The Mission of Rapha House is to Equip and Empower individuals and families with the skills and belief systems to promote change and success.
I am a Christian counselor, who specializes in working with children, adults and families. I am passionate about helping people overcome the obstacles, which prevent them from being the very best they can be. The Mission of Rapha House is to Equip and Empower individuals and families with the skills and belief systems to promote change and success.
(770) 809-3591 View (770) 809-3591
Photo of Valorie Antoinette Jones, Licensed Professional Counselor in Conyers, GA
Valorie Antoinette Jones
Licensed Professional Counselor, MAC, CRC, CFTP, CCTP, LPC
Verified Verified
Conyers, GA 30094
I am a Professional Counselor with more than seven years of experience in mental health and substance use disorders. Specialty license in Rehabilitation Counseling with emphasis on physical disabilities, vocational services, career counseling and developmental disorders are available. Case management services and psychosocial rehabilitation counseling is provided. Life skills training is available. Support groups are offered for Parenting, Mood disorders, Substance Abuse, Emotional and Behavioral issues, and Post-Partum Depression.
I am a Professional Counselor with more than seven years of experience in mental health and substance use disorders. Specialty license in Rehabilitation Counseling with emphasis on physical disabilities, vocational services, career counseling and developmental disorders are available. Case management services and psychosocial rehabilitation counseling is provided. Life skills training is available. Support groups are offered for Parenting, Mood disorders, Substance Abuse, Emotional and Behavioral issues, and Post-Partum Depression.
(678) 509-6766 View (678) 509-6766
Photo of Dr. Tamika Hibbert, Licensed Professional Counselor in Conyers, GA
Dr. Tamika Hibbert
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdD, LPC, NCC, CPCS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Conyers, GA 30094  (Online Only)
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I offer therapy incorporating the person-centered approach, solution-focused brief therapy, emotion focused therapy, and cognitive behavioral treatment.
As a Licensed Professional Counselor, I offer therapy incorporating the person-centered approach, solution-focused brief therapy, emotion focused therapy, and cognitive behavioral treatment.
(678) 325-5949 View (678) 325-5949
Photo of Barbara Campbell-Antoine, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Conyers, GA
Barbara Campbell-Antoine
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Conyers, GA 30013
Barbara Campbell-Antoine is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been practicing since 1988. She graduated from Hunter College School of Social Work, NY, NY with a master's in social work. Barbara believes in assisting individuals to restore hope and meaning to their lives. She also believes in client centeredness, collaboration and she always seek to promote hope, dignity and positive expectations. Her main areas of focus are motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Barbara Campbell-Antoine is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been practicing since 1988. She graduated from Hunter College School of Social Work, NY, NY with a master's in social work. Barbara believes in assisting individuals to restore hope and meaning to their lives. She also believes in client centeredness, collaboration and she always seek to promote hope, dignity and positive expectations. Her main areas of focus are motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy.
(470) 664-5644 View (470) 664-5644
Photo of Cassandra E Conton, Licensed Professional Counselor in Conyers, GA
Cassandra E Conton
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, CACII, LPC
Verified Verified
Conyers, GA 30013
Caring and compassionate counseling within a safe and comfortable environment strengthens and heals adults, adolescents, children, couples, and families. Dr. Cassandra E. Conton, or Dr. "C," is a seasoned clinician with more than 30 years of experience providing evidence-based therapeutic interventions to maximize the potential of individuals struggling with various behavioral health diagnosis.
Caring and compassionate counseling within a safe and comfortable environment strengthens and heals adults, adolescents, children, couples, and families. Dr. Cassandra E. Conton, or Dr. "C," is a seasoned clinician with more than 30 years of experience providing evidence-based therapeutic interventions to maximize the potential of individuals struggling with various behavioral health diagnosis.
(770) 504-4224 View (770) 504-4224
Photo of Terance Taylor, Pre-Licensed Professional in Conyers, GA
Terance Taylor
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Conyers, GA 30013
Navigating life's changes can be challenging and without guidance, support, and wise counsel, it can become overwhelming. I'd be happy to join with you and support you as you navigate change. I specialize in providing counsel for those experiencing difficulty with adjusting to change, depression, anxiety, and trauma. I have experience serving youth, adults and families along the spectrum of the integrative stages of recovery. My three treatment modalities are aligned with Internal Family Systems therapy, Mindfulness Based CBT, and Motivational Interviewing.
Navigating life's changes can be challenging and without guidance, support, and wise counsel, it can become overwhelming. I'd be happy to join with you and support you as you navigate change. I specialize in providing counsel for those experiencing difficulty with adjusting to change, depression, anxiety, and trauma. I have experience serving youth, adults and families along the spectrum of the integrative stages of recovery. My three treatment modalities are aligned with Internal Family Systems therapy, Mindfulness Based CBT, and Motivational Interviewing.
(470) 660-5262 View (470) 660-5262
Photo of Wright Therapy and Wellness, Licensed Professional Counselor in Conyers, GA
Wright Therapy and Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, NCC, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
Conyers, GA 30013  (Online Only)
Our individual life experiences are self-defined and our response to handling any unexpected circumstance will be key to regaining control and creating effective outcomes. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who is compassionate about motivating and encouraging individuals to discover their strengths during times of adversity and reinvent themselves from past or present traumatic life events while preparing for a strong and courageous future. I join clients in a true and honest journey of creating new memories, strengthen emotional control and mental stability. Let's work together to promote healthy living!
Our individual life experiences are self-defined and our response to handling any unexpected circumstance will be key to regaining control and creating effective outcomes. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor who is compassionate about motivating and encouraging individuals to discover their strengths during times of adversity and reinvent themselves from past or present traumatic life events while preparing for a strong and courageous future. I join clients in a true and honest journey of creating new memories, strengthen emotional control and mental stability. Let's work together to promote healthy living!
(678) 389-4554 View (678) 389-4554
Photo of Chanelle Atsyor - Preventive Measures, Licensed Professional Counselor in Conyers, GA
Chanelle Atsyor - Preventive Measures
Licensed Professional Counselor, LAPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Conyers, GA 30013  (Online Only)
If you or a loved one is suffering with symptoms that lead you to suspect some form of mental illness is taking place, do not be afraid to talk to your family doctor about your feelings. Do not wait to get treatment and suffer needlessly for fear of being stigmatized. At Preventive Measures, we meet you where you are, and are ready to assist you in getting the help you need.
If you or a loved one is suffering with symptoms that lead you to suspect some form of mental illness is taking place, do not be afraid to talk to your family doctor about your feelings. Do not wait to get treatment and suffer needlessly for fear of being stigmatized. At Preventive Measures, we meet you where you are, and are ready to assist you in getting the help you need.
(470) 323-8620 View (470) 323-8620
Photo of Mintfour Change, LLC Counseling And Wellness, Licensed Professional Counselor in Conyers, GA
Mintfour Change, LLC Counseling And Wellness
Licensed Professional Counselor, RN, LPC, NCC, BCC
Verified Verified
Conyers, GA 30094  (Online Only)
My therapy practice embraces the promotion of mental and physical health and wellness by treating the whole individual and family. I am committed to working with individuals and families to facilitate healing and growth to develop the necessary strengths to overcome life's challenges. I believe that there is always hope and that with the proper knowledge and guidance we can achieve change through the creation of realistic goals. I have a rich and varied range of experiences in the field of mental health having provided counseling services in both inpatient and outpatient facilities.
My therapy practice embraces the promotion of mental and physical health and wellness by treating the whole individual and family. I am committed to working with individuals and families to facilitate healing and growth to develop the necessary strengths to overcome life's challenges. I believe that there is always hope and that with the proper knowledge and guidance we can achieve change through the creation of realistic goals. I have a rich and varied range of experiences in the field of mental health having provided counseling services in both inpatient and outpatient facilities.
(678) 509-2231 View (678) 509-2231
Photo of Renew Tranquility, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Conyers, GA
Renew Tranquility, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, CPCS, MAC, SAP, CADC-II, ACS
Verified Verified
Conyers, GA 30012
I am committed to providing high quality mental health and substance abuse services to individuals, couples and DOT employees in safety sensitive positions. My goal is to provide clients with individual treatment needed to successfully learn how to cope with difficult life transitions and emotions. I provide therapy services for a range of issues including depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, relationship issues, job related stressors, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder, gender identity, etc. I also conduct SAP assessments and follow up recommendations.
I am committed to providing high quality mental health and substance abuse services to individuals, couples and DOT employees in safety sensitive positions. My goal is to provide clients with individual treatment needed to successfully learn how to cope with difficult life transitions and emotions. I provide therapy services for a range of issues including depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, relationship issues, job related stressors, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder, gender identity, etc. I also conduct SAP assessments and follow up recommendations.
(404) 220-7756 View (404) 220-7756
Photo of Desmond Orville Maul, Marriage & Family Therapist in Conyers, GA
Desmond Orville Maul
Marriage & Family Therapist, DMFT, LMFT
Verified Verified
Conyers, GA 30013
Rev. Dr. Desmond Maul is the CEO of Family360, Inc., and Hosanna Ministries, Inc., Outpatient Mental Health Counseling Center in Rockdale County, Georgia. Dr. Maul is a retired Philadelphia Police Officer and former Pennsylvania State Certified Instructor of Police at the Philadelphia Police Academy. During his tenure with the City of Philadelphia Police Department, he maintained positions as a Therapist, Stress Management Trainer, and Critical Incident and Crisis Responder. Today, Dr. Maul is an ordained Minister, a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. Dr. Maul is licensed and ordained with the Church of God, Anderson, Indiana
Rev. Dr. Desmond Maul is the CEO of Family360, Inc., and Hosanna Ministries, Inc., Outpatient Mental Health Counseling Center in Rockdale County, Georgia. Dr. Maul is a retired Philadelphia Police Officer and former Pennsylvania State Certified Instructor of Police at the Philadelphia Police Academy. During his tenure with the City of Philadelphia Police Department, he maintained positions as a Therapist, Stress Management Trainer, and Critical Incident and Crisis Responder. Today, Dr. Maul is an ordained Minister, a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. Dr. Maul is licensed and ordained with the Church of God, Anderson, Indiana
(678) 562-6423 View (678) 562-6423
Photo of Melissa J Morgan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Conyers, GA
Melissa J Morgan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Conyers, GA 30013  (Online Only)
Holistic Counseling and Wellness Center is a place where you can be yourself, process your experiences and let go of the pain you have been holding on to. At HCWC we provide a virtual, non-judgmental experience where you can feel relaxed in your own environment to openly process your feelings, gain a deeper understanding of yourself, overcome your challenges, and find peace in your now. Our mission is to assist individuals and families with transforming from feeling broken by life experiences to feeling empowered, making intentional choices, and aligning with your full potential.
Holistic Counseling and Wellness Center is a place where you can be yourself, process your experiences and let go of the pain you have been holding on to. At HCWC we provide a virtual, non-judgmental experience where you can feel relaxed in your own environment to openly process your feelings, gain a deeper understanding of yourself, overcome your challenges, and find peace in your now. Our mission is to assist individuals and families with transforming from feeling broken by life experiences to feeling empowered, making intentional choices, and aligning with your full potential.
(470) 274-3987 View (470) 274-3987
Photo of Jasmin Felton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Conyers, GA
Jasmin Felton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MAC
Verified Verified
Conyers, GA 30094
Sometimes individuals struggle with managing daily life challenges, stress, depression, parenting woes, difficult relationships, self-esteem, mental health, family problems and many other issues that come with life. When you're suffering, it's natural to want to talk to someone about your problems.
Sometimes individuals struggle with managing daily life challenges, stress, depression, parenting woes, difficult relationships, self-esteem, mental health, family problems and many other issues that come with life. When you're suffering, it's natural to want to talk to someone about your problems.
(678) 580-4480 View (678) 580-4480
WellSync Road to Recovery Services, LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, MAC, CCS, CACII
Verified Verified
Conyers, GA 30094
TELEHEALTH SERVICES AVAILABLE!! No person to person contact required! Contact us today! WellSync can meet your mental health needs via a telehealth platform during this very trying time in our country. If you, your child(ren), or your family are in need of psychotherapy, please email telehealth@wellsyncrtr.com to receive a phone consultation regarding your current mental health needs. We accept most insurances and self-pay. In your email, please include your name, your preferred method of contact (email or telephone), your immediate need, and your insurance provider.
TELEHEALTH SERVICES AVAILABLE!! No person to person contact required! Contact us today! WellSync can meet your mental health needs via a telehealth platform during this very trying time in our country. If you, your child(ren), or your family are in need of psychotherapy, please email telehealth@wellsyncrtr.com to receive a phone consultation regarding your current mental health needs. We accept most insurances and self-pay. In your email, please include your name, your preferred method of contact (email or telephone), your immediate need, and your insurance provider.
(678) 263-7758 View (678) 263-7758
Photo of A Walk With Grace, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Conyers, GA
A Walk With Grace, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Conyers, GA 30013
A Walk with Grace, LLC, presents a compassionate and non-judgmental space to approach change. I am a licensed professional counselor committed to working with individuals, couples and families who are seeking to discover skills as they recover from life challenges. This collaborative approach help clients to better understand their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors as they transition through the healing process. I believe that when we understand our past we are then able to make informed decisions about how we choose to interact in our present.
A Walk with Grace, LLC, presents a compassionate and non-judgmental space to approach change. I am a licensed professional counselor committed to working with individuals, couples and families who are seeking to discover skills as they recover from life challenges. This collaborative approach help clients to better understand their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors as they transition through the healing process. I believe that when we understand our past we are then able to make informed decisions about how we choose to interact in our present.
(470) 410-7232 View (470) 410-7232
Photo of Jini F. P. Tyler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Conyers, GA
Jini F. P. Tyler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Conyers, GA 30094
Life can be stressful at any age. Whether your child is having a hard time managing worry and fear, your teenager is struggling with social anxiety and school demands or you’re simply feeling overwhelmed by the constant pressures of work and/or family obligations, we’ll tackle these concerns together. Overwhelming feelings can seem like a huge weight holding you down and preventing you from reaching your full potential in life. I can help you learn how to get unstuck and move forward in finding balance, peace and greater life satisfaction. In our work together, we'll focus on practical solutions tailored to your needs.
Life can be stressful at any age. Whether your child is having a hard time managing worry and fear, your teenager is struggling with social anxiety and school demands or you’re simply feeling overwhelmed by the constant pressures of work and/or family obligations, we’ll tackle these concerns together. Overwhelming feelings can seem like a huge weight holding you down and preventing you from reaching your full potential in life. I can help you learn how to get unstuck and move forward in finding balance, peace and greater life satisfaction. In our work together, we'll focus on practical solutions tailored to your needs.
(678) 853-7252 View (678) 853-7252
Photo of Anna Ingram, Counselor in Conyers, GA
Anna Ingram
Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Conyers, GA 30013
Anna is a Licensed Professional Counselor and a National Certified Counselor with an educational background that includes a Bachelor of Science degree from Oral Roberts University, a Master of Arts degree from Liberty University and a Master of Arts degree from Luther Rice College and Seminary. She is a veteran of the United States Air Force which provided her the opportunity of national and international travel and cultural experiences in the United States as well as living abroad. Anna has worked and volunteered in community services organizations and clinics as well as shelters for women and children.
Anna is a Licensed Professional Counselor and a National Certified Counselor with an educational background that includes a Bachelor of Science degree from Oral Roberts University, a Master of Arts degree from Liberty University and a Master of Arts degree from Luther Rice College and Seminary. She is a veteran of the United States Air Force which provided her the opportunity of national and international travel and cultural experiences in the United States as well as living abroad. Anna has worked and volunteered in community services organizations and clinics as well as shelters for women and children.
(470) 664-4098 View (470) 664-4098
Photo of Shawndria Smith, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Conyers, GA
Shawndria Smith
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Conyers, GA 30012
I have over 10 years of experience serving families, children, adults, and different family dynamics. As a LCSW, my goal is to assist you with processing your emotions and addressing life’s challenges. With your willingness to change, I will provide you skills and techniques to help you face these challenges head on and overcome obstacles as they occur.
I have over 10 years of experience serving families, children, adults, and different family dynamics. As a LCSW, my goal is to assist you with processing your emotions and addressing life’s challenges. With your willingness to change, I will provide you skills and techniques to help you face these challenges head on and overcome obstacles as they occur.
(470) 594-5317 View (470) 594-5317

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Conyers, GA

100+

Average cost per session

$120

Therapists in Conyers, GA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
75% Coping Skills
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

92% Aetna
83% Cigna and Evernorth
72% BlueCross and BlueShield

How Therapists in Conyers, GA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

89% Female
11% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Conyers?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.