Therapists in Palo Alto, CA

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Photo of Ellen Russin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Ellen Russin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94301
I have been a psychotherapist for adults and adolescents for over 20 years. People come to me to deal with painful feelings and difficulties in living, and to improve their sense of well-being. Many of the clients I see have relationship issues, depression, anxiety or low self-esteem. Living in Silicon Valley brings its own set of problems, which I am particularly interested in. Some people are unclear what troubles them, but are unhappy with their lives.
I have been a psychotherapist for adults and adolescents for over 20 years. People come to me to deal with painful feelings and difficulties in living, and to improve their sense of well-being. Many of the clients I see have relationship issues, depression, anxiety or low self-esteem. Living in Silicon Valley brings its own set of problems, which I am particularly interested in. Some people are unclear what troubles them, but are unhappy with their lives.
(415) 800-4094 View (415) 800-4094
Photo of Kevin Kuhlow, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Palo Alto, CA
Kevin Kuhlow
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LAADC, MS
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94303
Is alcohol or another substance holding you back? Are you a professional or executive who has found that the one thing you haven't been able to overcome is substance use? Many clinicians don't truly understand the stress and loneliness that professional success can create. My experience as a senior executive and addiction professional can help you break free and achieve your true potential. Don't let substance abuse be the one thing you haven't been able to overcome as a professional. I utilize positive counseling techniques designed to capitalize on your strengths to help you overcome substance use and achieve your potential.
Is alcohol or another substance holding you back? Are you a professional or executive who has found that the one thing you haven't been able to overcome is substance use? Many clinicians don't truly understand the stress and loneliness that professional success can create. My experience as a senior executive and addiction professional can help you break free and achieve your true potential. Don't let substance abuse be the one thing you haven't been able to overcome as a professional. I utilize positive counseling techniques designed to capitalize on your strengths to help you overcome substance use and achieve your potential.
(650) 420-4560 View (650) 420-4560
Photo of Trudy Kammerer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Trudy Kammerer
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94303  (Online Only)
Trudy is a compassionate and dedicated Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 10 years of invaluable experience in the field of mental health and family counseling. Her unwavering commitment to helping individuals, couples, and families navigate life's challenges has made her a respected professional within the therapeutic community. With a deep understanding of the human experience, Trudy specializes in working with diverse populations dealing with a range of issues.
Trudy is a compassionate and dedicated Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist with over 10 years of invaluable experience in the field of mental health and family counseling. Her unwavering commitment to helping individuals, couples, and families navigate life's challenges has made her a respected professional within the therapeutic community. With a deep understanding of the human experience, Trudy specializes in working with diverse populations dealing with a range of issues.
(650) 502-5517 x1 View (650) 502-5517 x1
Photo of Matthew (Matt) Ahrens, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Matthew (Matt) Ahrens
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
23 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94306  (Online Only)
Psychotherapy is a gift we give to ourselves. That hour per week we set aside to explore our inner worlds - our thoughts, our emotions, and our sensations - and get some relief, heal, integrate, and grow. It is an honor for me to share that hour with you, to accompany you, to witness you, and to discover with you.
Psychotherapy is a gift we give to ourselves. That hour per week we set aside to explore our inner worlds - our thoughts, our emotions, and our sensations - and get some relief, heal, integrate, and grow. It is an honor for me to share that hour with you, to accompany you, to witness you, and to discover with you.
(415) 527-3282 View (415) 527-3282
Photo of Crystal Corona Mendoza, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Crystal Corona Mendoza
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94303  (Online Only)
I am a compassionate marriage and family therapist who is dedicated to providing a safe space for youth, adults and families to grow and heal through counseling. I have experience working with diverse populations in various settings and I'm passionate about providing services to individuals with diverse backgrounds and challenges including anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, life transitions and perinatal mental health.
I am a compassionate marriage and family therapist who is dedicated to providing a safe space for youth, adults and families to grow and heal through counseling. I have experience working with diverse populations in various settings and I'm passionate about providing services to individuals with diverse backgrounds and challenges including anxiety, depression, relationship challenges, life transitions and perinatal mental health.
(650) 582-2143 x1 View (650) 582-2143 x1
Photo of Fanshen Thompson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Fanshen Thompson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94306  (Online Only)
My style of therapy is warm, authentic, direct, and down-to-earth. My approach in sessions is to assist clients to connect with the strengths and resilience they may or may not be aware they have and support them to utilize those to make changes in their lives that are consistent with their goals in therapy. I work collaboratively with clients to be sure that therapy feels meaningful and beneficial. I believe strongly that each human has the capacity to heal, no matter how large or small their challenge appears.
My style of therapy is warm, authentic, direct, and down-to-earth. My approach in sessions is to assist clients to connect with the strengths and resilience they may or may not be aware they have and support them to utilize those to make changes in their lives that are consistent with their goals in therapy. I work collaboratively with clients to be sure that therapy feels meaningful and beneficial. I believe strongly that each human has the capacity to heal, no matter how large or small their challenge appears.
(310) 362-2207 View (310) 362-2207
Photo of Maggie Wang, Psychologist in Palo Alto, CA
Maggie Wang
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306  (Online Only)
I provide evidence-based care for a range of concerns including depression, anxiety, work/life transitions, eating disorders, and relationship difficulties. I am also passionate in delivering care that focuses on women's wellness areas such as pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause. I have a background in health psychology and work with individuals coping with new medical diagnoses, health conditions, and chronic illnesses.
I provide evidence-based care for a range of concerns including depression, anxiety, work/life transitions, eating disorders, and relationship difficulties. I am also passionate in delivering care that focuses on women's wellness areas such as pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause. I have a background in health psychology and work with individuals coping with new medical diagnoses, health conditions, and chronic illnesses.
(650) 910-4757 View (650) 910-4757
Photo of Nazanin Khatami, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Nazanin Khatami
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, ATR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94301
This-is-important! It won’t go away when you turn your back. It won’t sort itself out while you distract yourself with other things. You may well need a hand in resolving things but only YOU can take the first step and ask for that help, which we are all PERFECTLY allowed to need sometimes. Resilience isn’t about never being angry, sad, fearful or guilty. It is about knowing how to respond appropriately.
This-is-important! It won’t go away when you turn your back. It won’t sort itself out while you distract yourself with other things. You may well need a hand in resolving things but only YOU can take the first step and ask for that help, which we are all PERFECTLY allowed to need sometimes. Resilience isn’t about never being angry, sad, fearful or guilty. It is about knowing how to respond appropriately.
(650) 300-0481 View (650) 300-0481
Photo of Karen S Gould, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Karen S Gould
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94301
My psychotherapy practice is for adults of all ages, couples, and families. I can help you discover the tools you need to develop and sustain satisfying relationships, respond positively to your environment, cope with stress, trust in yourself, actualize your dreams, and live your life with purpose, hope and integrity. Whether you are adjusting to one of life's transitions (new baby, mid-life, new job, divorce, loss, marriage), struggling with anxiety/depression/anger/self-doubt, or attempting to conquer your fears or past trauma, I can provide a safe and trusting environment to help you discover healthy and productive ways of moving through life.
My psychotherapy practice is for adults of all ages, couples, and families. I can help you discover the tools you need to develop and sustain satisfying relationships, respond positively to your environment, cope with stress, trust in yourself, actualize your dreams, and live your life with purpose, hope and integrity. Whether you are adjusting to one of life's transitions (new baby, mid-life, new job, divorce, loss, marriage), struggling with anxiety/depression/anger/self-doubt, or attempting to conquer your fears or past trauma, I can provide a safe and trusting environment to help you discover healthy and productive ways of moving through life.
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Photo of Jacqui Gerritsen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Jacqui Gerritsen
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94306
Living in Silicon Valley is hard, the pressure and stress are unlike anywhere else. Sometimes the anxiety feels so overwhelming, it cripples your self esteem and robs you of your day to day happiness. It doesn't have to be like this. You can feel more at ease, happier and less irritable.
Living in Silicon Valley is hard, the pressure and stress are unlike anywhere else. Sometimes the anxiety feels so overwhelming, it cripples your self esteem and robs you of your day to day happiness. It doesn't have to be like this. You can feel more at ease, happier and less irritable.
(650) 209-7987 View (650) 209-7987
Photo of Goolrukh Adi Vakil, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Goolrukh Adi Vakil
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT, MA, MS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94301
Contemplating therapy is a brave first step. Starting with teletherapy can feel safe. My areas of expertise anxiety; relationships; family cohesion; bonding with your difficult children; child therapy including ADHD/ASD; bipolar; extended Indian and Asian family and in-law issues; I'm a rare therapist for adult psychosis. I specize in mmigrant acculturation and executive coaching of ihigh-functioning professionals who still feel something "missing" in life. Assistant Professorship adds to my 20 years of Bay Area experience. I would be honored to support you in your journey to flourish in life and relationships.
Contemplating therapy is a brave first step. Starting with teletherapy can feel safe. My areas of expertise anxiety; relationships; family cohesion; bonding with your difficult children; child therapy including ADHD/ASD; bipolar; extended Indian and Asian family and in-law issues; I'm a rare therapist for adult psychosis. I specize in mmigrant acculturation and executive coaching of ihigh-functioning professionals who still feel something "missing" in life. Assistant Professorship adds to my 20 years of Bay Area experience. I would be honored to support you in your journey to flourish in life and relationships.
(650) 879-8793 View (650) 879-8793
Photo of Becoming Mothers Counseling with Marnie Levenson, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Palo Alto, CA
Becoming Mothers Counseling with Marnie Levenson
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94301
Becoming a mother, whether for the first time or again, can be a difficult change that can often lead to unwanted anxious thoughts, depression, and self-doubt. You may worry about getting it “right” or feel overwhelmed. Before you were a mother, you had another identity and may be trying to get back to yourself. Some moms struggle to bond with baby, but you can learn to nurture a trusting attachment. Becoming pregnant and giving birth can be a powerful experience and you may want to feel more prepared or process a traumatic birth. You deserve support and skills to ease the unique challenges and vulnerable moments in this journey.
Becoming a mother, whether for the first time or again, can be a difficult change that can often lead to unwanted anxious thoughts, depression, and self-doubt. You may worry about getting it “right” or feel overwhelmed. Before you were a mother, you had another identity and may be trying to get back to yourself. Some moms struggle to bond with baby, but you can learn to nurture a trusting attachment. Becoming pregnant and giving birth can be a powerful experience and you may want to feel more prepared or process a traumatic birth. You deserve support and skills to ease the unique challenges and vulnerable moments in this journey.
(650) 275-5513 View (650) 275-5513
Photo of Diane Byster, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Diane Byster
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, NCC, RYT
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94301
I am CA state licensed marriage and family therapist, National Certified Counselor and Registered Yoga Teacher. I maintain a private practice in Palo Alto, Redwood City and Berkeley and see clients for individual, couple psychotherapy and career counseling. I have taught courses for Kaiser Permanente in Behavioral Health and served as a coach/facilitator in Medical Weight Management. My training includes over 10 years in Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) and 7 years in Control Mastery, both evidenced based treatment approaches to help clients build their inner resources and motivation to reach their goals.
I am CA state licensed marriage and family therapist, National Certified Counselor and Registered Yoga Teacher. I maintain a private practice in Palo Alto, Redwood City and Berkeley and see clients for individual, couple psychotherapy and career counseling. I have taught courses for Kaiser Permanente in Behavioral Health and served as a coach/facilitator in Medical Weight Management. My training includes over 10 years in Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) and 7 years in Control Mastery, both evidenced based treatment approaches to help clients build their inner resources and motivation to reach their goals.
(650) 209-7797 View (650) 209-7797
Photo of Jeff Clark, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Jeff Clark
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306
It has been over 30 years of helping families, adolescents and children. There have been hundreds of family members enjoying better lives and better relationships. You can, too! Give me a call or set up an appointment and lets start figuring out the right direction and getting past the things that are in the way to help you have the best years of your life!
It has been over 30 years of helping families, adolescents and children. There have been hundreds of family members enjoying better lives and better relationships. You can, too! Give me a call or set up an appointment and lets start figuring out the right direction and getting past the things that are in the way to help you have the best years of your life!
(650) 241-1720 View (650) 241-1720
Photo of Melanie Maddox, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Palo Alto, CA
Melanie Maddox
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW, EMDR
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94301
Are you experiencing challenges in dealing with anxiety, depression, and traumatic experiences? Do you struggle with effective communication and setting boundaries in your relationships with others? Life often presents obstacles and difficulties that might lead to these difficulties without proper tools, resources, and guidance. I utilize CBT, DBT, ACT, and Trauma-informed care to help you manage symptoms and promote healing and growth. With a deep appreciation for the uniqueness of each client and their lived experiences, I foster a collaborative and inclusive therapeutic environment.
Are you experiencing challenges in dealing with anxiety, depression, and traumatic experiences? Do you struggle with effective communication and setting boundaries in your relationships with others? Life often presents obstacles and difficulties that might lead to these difficulties without proper tools, resources, and guidance. I utilize CBT, DBT, ACT, and Trauma-informed care to help you manage symptoms and promote healing and growth. With a deep appreciation for the uniqueness of each client and their lived experiences, I foster a collaborative and inclusive therapeutic environment.
(650) 955-4377 View (650) 955-4377
Photo of Moitreyee Chowdhury Anxiety And Trauma Focused Therapy In Palo Alto, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Moitreyee Chowdhury Anxiety And Trauma Focused Therapy In Palo Alto
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPCC, EMDR
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94306
We experience a lifetime, on a whirlwind of school, studies, jobs, working towards that feeling of "have to reach there", forgetting to listen to voices deep within us. Anxiety, Depression, and trauma experiences further cover up the inner wisdom that we all have. Life may have brought you at a moment, where you are struggling with professional worries, parenting issues, and relational issues in your marriage. If you are an immigrant, you may struggle managing relationships with family back home and here in this land. I am glad you reached out for help.
We experience a lifetime, on a whirlwind of school, studies, jobs, working towards that feeling of "have to reach there", forgetting to listen to voices deep within us. Anxiety, Depression, and trauma experiences further cover up the inner wisdom that we all have. Life may have brought you at a moment, where you are struggling with professional worries, parenting issues, and relational issues in your marriage. If you are an immigrant, you may struggle managing relationships with family back home and here in this land. I am glad you reached out for help.
(650) 618-0067 View (650) 618-0067
Photo of Patrick Thanh Ngô, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Patrick Thanh Ngô
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Palo Alto, CA 94303
Coming to the realization that we need help is one of the most important steps to making meaningful change in our lives. I work with individuals that are interested in uncovering patterns that keep them stuck, and unable to move forward. I collaborate with my clients to work on setting their own treatment goals. I aim to provide a supportive and therapeutic space that facilitates insight and growth.
Coming to the realization that we need help is one of the most important steps to making meaningful change in our lives. I work with individuals that are interested in uncovering patterns that keep them stuck, and unable to move forward. I collaborate with my clients to work on setting their own treatment goals. I aim to provide a supportive and therapeutic space that facilitates insight and growth.
(650) 275-6964 View (650) 275-6964
Photo of Chally Grundwag, Marriage & Family Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Chally Grundwag
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94303
I'm here to support you in your journey to regain trust in your unique strengths and overcome life's challenging situations, reach your goals, and make your life happier and more meaningful. In our sessions you will be invited to explore your deep values and motivations, and identify which aspects of your life help you move forwards, and how to separate from patterns and behaviors that are no longer useful for you. If you are an adult or a teen who suffer from anxiety, depression, burn-out, academic stress, PTSD, Sexual Trauma, relationship issues, or low self esteem, please don't give up. There is hope, and healing is possible.
I'm here to support you in your journey to regain trust in your unique strengths and overcome life's challenging situations, reach your goals, and make your life happier and more meaningful. In our sessions you will be invited to explore your deep values and motivations, and identify which aspects of your life help you move forwards, and how to separate from patterns and behaviors that are no longer useful for you. If you are an adult or a teen who suffer from anxiety, depression, burn-out, academic stress, PTSD, Sexual Trauma, relationship issues, or low self esteem, please don't give up. There is hope, and healing is possible.
(650) 479-1401 View (650) 479-1401
Photo of Liz Dietrich, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Palo Alto, CA
Liz Dietrich
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94303  (Online Only)
I love working with clients who are curious about what more there is to experience in this life, who are ready to do the work of diving within in order to heal past wounds and create a life that they truly love. Sometimes trauma, relationship problems, work, or other life circumstances can result in our lives shrinking. We can become fearful or lose touch with what it is that we love, prioritizing other things. I'm committed to walking with you while you get back to yourself by processing all that you've been through.
I love working with clients who are curious about what more there is to experience in this life, who are ready to do the work of diving within in order to heal past wounds and create a life that they truly love. Sometimes trauma, relationship problems, work, or other life circumstances can result in our lives shrinking. We can become fearful or lose touch with what it is that we love, prioritizing other things. I'm committed to walking with you while you get back to yourself by processing all that you've been through.
(650) 405-0409 View (650) 405-0409
Thomas Lubey
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Palo Alto, CA 94306  (Online Only)
Is life becoming unmanageable? Looking for real answers? Seeking the best group of clinicians who accept your insurance? Welcome to WellPsyche Medical Group! WellPsyche providers are experts in Wellness and Mental Health. Our providers take a Thoughtful, Practical, and Caring approach to therapy and can help you balance your life. WellPsyche is also a leader in Telemedicine. Now you can visit with your provider from the privacy and convenience of your home or work.
Is life becoming unmanageable? Looking for real answers? Seeking the best group of clinicians who accept your insurance? Welcome to WellPsyche Medical Group! WellPsyche providers are experts in Wellness and Mental Health. Our providers take a Thoughtful, Practical, and Caring approach to therapy and can help you balance your life. WellPsyche is also a leader in Telemedicine. Now you can visit with your provider from the privacy and convenience of your home or work.
(650) 663-5764 View (650) 663-5764

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Palo Alto, CA

900+

Average cost per session

$200

Therapists in Palo Alto, CA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
88% Depression
82% Relationship Issues
75% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

58% Aetna
50% Cigna and Evernorth
45% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Palo Alto, CA see their clients

65% In Person and Online
35% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Palo Alto?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.