Therapists in Largo, FL
CuraSouth
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MS, CAP, CTC
Verified Verified
Largo, FL 33770
Reid is a Pittsburgh native who relocated to Florida in 2003. She earned her MS in Professional Leadership from Carlow University. She also holds several certifications from the Florida Certification Board. She was actively involved in restorative justice initiatives prior to entering the substance use field in 2010. Reid has experience in various levels of care but has a special place in her heart for medical detox.
Reid is a Pittsburgh native who relocated to Florida in 2003. She earned her MS in Professional Leadership from Carlow University. She also holds several certifications from the Florida Certification Board. She was actively involved in restorative justice initiatives prior to entering the substance use field in 2010. Reid has experience in various levels of care but has a special place in her heart for medical detox.
Abbie Aldridge
MA, LMHC, LPC, LCPC, LPCC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Largo, FL 33771 (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Are you ready to get rid of the internalized junk preventing you from being your authentic self? Are you ready to stop accepting crumbs and embrace the joy of your truth? Let's dismantle the shame, anxiety, and the fear of rejection that sucks your pride! Break out your notepad, grab some tea, and let's settle in to conquer the crap holding you back. I want you to bring yourself, ALL of yourself to session - no topic is TMI or "too much" to be off the table for discussion.
Are you ready to get rid of the internalized junk preventing you from being your authentic self? Are you ready to stop accepting crumbs and embrace the joy of your truth? Let's dismantle the shame, anxiety, and the fear of rejection that sucks your pride! Break out your notepad, grab some tea, and let's settle in to conquer the crap holding you back. I want you to bring yourself, ALL of yourself to session - no topic is TMI or "too much" to be off the table for discussion.
Jemie B Russell
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, CAP, CEAP, SAP
Verified Verified
Largo, FL 33778
Have you been feeling angry and irritable? Having problems sleeping at night, or having nightmares? Do you startle easily? Do you lose track of time and have memory loss? You are not alone. You may have post traumatic stress, dissociative disorder, or a combination, and I can help you process the trauma with EMDR, clinical hypnosis, and cognitive behavioral therapy. I will help you to acquire coping skills and learn relaxation techniques. I work with your other providers as a team, and will find you the necessary ongoing support after you leave treatment.
Have you been feeling angry and irritable? Having problems sleeping at night, or having nightmares? Do you startle easily? Do you lose track of time and have memory loss? You are not alone. You may have post traumatic stress, dissociative disorder, or a combination, and I can help you process the trauma with EMDR, clinical hypnosis, and cognitive behavioral therapy. I will help you to acquire coping skills and learn relaxation techniques. I work with your other providers as a team, and will find you the necessary ongoing support after you leave treatment.
Danielle Johnson
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, CRC
Verified Verified
Largo, FL 33771 (Online Only)
Are you seeking understanding and relief from the tormenting grip of your eating disorder. Are you grappling with distorted body image, destructive eating habits, and underlying emotional turmoil. As an eating disorder therapist, I provide compassionate support, effective coping strategies, and a safe space for vulnerability. If you seek liberation from your eating disorder's suffocating hold, striving for self-acceptance, improved mental health, and a nourishing relationship with food, I am here to lead you towards a life free from the constraints of your eating disorder and address your desire to reclaim vitality and resiliency.
Are you seeking understanding and relief from the tormenting grip of your eating disorder. Are you grappling with distorted body image, destructive eating habits, and underlying emotional turmoil. As an eating disorder therapist, I provide compassionate support, effective coping strategies, and a safe space for vulnerability. If you seek liberation from your eating disorder's suffocating hold, striving for self-acceptance, improved mental health, and a nourishing relationship with food, I am here to lead you towards a life free from the constraints of your eating disorder and address your desire to reclaim vitality and resiliency.
Dr. Tom Petit
Counselor, PhD, LMHC, CCMHC, BCC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Largo, FL 33777
These are difficult times. Anxiety can have a life of its own. Providing better help through online Telehealth is a 15 year specialty in my 39 year career. So many "what ifs" are a reality in many lives. What does one do when anxiety, stress and panic hit? Change from what was normal to the "now normal" can bring reactivity and stress. I offer online therapy helping clients understand their lives and the roots of their personal anxiety & stress. I provide a safe place and skills that create “breathing room” to help people break free from the grips of their anxiety, frustration, and personal and relational stress.
These are difficult times. Anxiety can have a life of its own. Providing better help through online Telehealth is a 15 year specialty in my 39 year career. So many "what ifs" are a reality in many lives. What does one do when anxiety, stress and panic hit? Change from what was normal to the "now normal" can bring reactivity and stress. I offer online therapy helping clients understand their lives and the roots of their personal anxiety & stress. I provide a safe place and skills that create “breathing room” to help people break free from the grips of their anxiety, frustration, and personal and relational stress.
Best Life Counseling and Coaching LLC
Counselor, LMHC, CAP, SAP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Largo, FL 33773 (Online Only)
Women's issues are my speciality and I have experience in helping women address the following issues: Adult ADD/ADHD, balancing home and work, life transitions, relationship issues, addictions, grief, co-dependency, ACOA, depression, anxiety and recovering from traumatic experiences.
Women's issues are my speciality and I have experience in helping women address the following issues: Adult ADD/ADHD, balancing home and work, life transitions, relationship issues, addictions, grief, co-dependency, ACOA, depression, anxiety and recovering from traumatic experiences.
The Coleman Institute for Addiction Medicine
MD
Verified Verified
Largo, FL 33770
Leading outpatient addiction treatment center, offering detoxes using the innovative Coleman Method since 2012. Our innovative withdrawal management programs have helped thousands of people free themselves from addiction to Opioids, Suboxone®, Methadone, and Alcohol. Originally founded in Richmond, Virginia, the Coleman Network has expanded to cover 13 cities across the U.S., including Dr. Hossain's practice at Bay Center for Pain Management , PC.
Leading outpatient addiction treatment center, offering detoxes using the innovative Coleman Method since 2012. Our innovative withdrawal management programs have helped thousands of people free themselves from addiction to Opioids, Suboxone®, Methadone, and Alcohol. Originally founded in Richmond, Virginia, the Coleman Network has expanded to cover 13 cities across the U.S., including Dr. Hossain's practice at Bay Center for Pain Management , PC.
Susan G. Ellis, Ph.D., P.A.
Psychologist, PhD, MA
Verified Verified
Largo, FL 33771
Adult, adolescents, children, and families are welcome to call, inquire about services, and schedule an appointment for evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment for the problems in their lives and for the mental health and well-being they seek. I am here to help. I am a licensed psychologist, licensed marriage and family therapist, licensed school psychologist, and Florida Supreme Court Certified Family Mediator offering services to individuals, couples, marriages, families and relationships. I can help with behavioral and emotional problems and with interpersonal problems in your personal life and workplace. *Anger *Borderline
Adult, adolescents, children, and families are welcome to call, inquire about services, and schedule an appointment for evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment for the problems in their lives and for the mental health and well-being they seek. I am here to help. I am a licensed psychologist, licensed marriage and family therapist, licensed school psychologist, and Florida Supreme Court Certified Family Mediator offering services to individuals, couples, marriages, families and relationships. I can help with behavioral and emotional problems and with interpersonal problems in your personal life and workplace. *Anger *Borderline
Angela Gibson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Largo, FL 33771
Angela is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 35 years experience in private practice in Pinellas County. She is a Certified Diplomate in Clinical Social Work, Qualified Clinical Social Worker, and in the Academy of Clinical Social Workers. Angela has a warm and engaging style and utilizes evidence based practices which integrate the best research evidence with clinical expertise and client/patient values. Angela works with adolescents and adults (ages 12 and up) and after the first appointment can offer follow-up appointments outside of normal business hours and on Saturdays.
Angela is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 35 years experience in private practice in Pinellas County. She is a Certified Diplomate in Clinical Social Work, Qualified Clinical Social Worker, and in the Academy of Clinical Social Workers. Angela has a warm and engaging style and utilizes evidence based practices which integrate the best research evidence with clinical expertise and client/patient values. Angela works with adolescents and adults (ages 12 and up) and after the first appointment can offer follow-up appointments outside of normal business hours and on Saturdays.
Counseling with Carol
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Largo, FL 33774 (Online Only)
Hello and Welcome! My name is Carol and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Arkansas since 2010. I am also registered to see online clients in the state of Florida. My experience ranges from individual and family therapy in a clinical setting to working with children and adolescents as a school- based therapist. I have helped adults, children and families with issues such as anxiety, depression, communication, family/ relationship conflicts, parenting, self -esteem, self-acceptance, and life goals.
Hello and Welcome! My name is Carol and I am a Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Arkansas since 2010. I am also registered to see online clients in the state of Florida. My experience ranges from individual and family therapy in a clinical setting to working with children and adolescents as a school- based therapist. I have helped adults, children and families with issues such as anxiety, depression, communication, family/ relationship conflicts, parenting, self -esteem, self-acceptance, and life goals.
Sandra E Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMFT, MCAP, SAP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Largo, FL 33771
Have you ever wondered why you find yourself falling into the same unhealthy patterns in your personal, career or family life? Living a fulfilled life has to do with identifying the negative core beliefs that perpetuate the repetitive patterns of discomfort that we experience in our lives. Our perception is our reality. Only until we alter these misperceptions, will true and lasting change occur. My approach is a combination of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Behavioral therapy and various holistic healing techniques to offer total overall healing and wellness.
Have you ever wondered why you find yourself falling into the same unhealthy patterns in your personal, career or family life? Living a fulfilled life has to do with identifying the negative core beliefs that perpetuate the repetitive patterns of discomfort that we experience in our lives. Our perception is our reality. Only until we alter these misperceptions, will true and lasting change occur. My approach is a combination of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Behavioral therapy and various holistic healing techniques to offer total overall healing and wellness.
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Integrated Counseling and Mediation Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, Hx
Verified Verified
Largo, FL 33773
The best investment one can make is in themselves. I strive to provide a safe place to facilitate optimal growth in all areas which will include healing and resolution of past traumas.
The best investment one can make is in themselves. I strive to provide a safe place to facilitate optimal growth in all areas which will include healing and resolution of past traumas.
Sandra Flamenco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, ACHP-SW, LCSW, MSW, QS
Verified Verified
Largo, FL 33778
My commitment is to assist you utilizing your own virtues and resilience If suffering of sadness or depression, due to: grief and loss; going trough major life changes that are causing you anxiety and stress; need to increase self-esteem and improve satisfaction and quality of life; need to increase feeling of well-being; need to repair and enhance relationships; raising a child with special needs, which becomes overwhelming and requires specific parenting skills. If you are experiencing any of this, I can partner with you and offer my clinical skills and expertise to enhance your strengths and overcome those difficulties.
My commitment is to assist you utilizing your own virtues and resilience If suffering of sadness or depression, due to: grief and loss; going trough major life changes that are causing you anxiety and stress; need to increase self-esteem and improve satisfaction and quality of life; need to increase feeling of well-being; need to repair and enhance relationships; raising a child with special needs, which becomes overwhelming and requires specific parenting skills. If you are experiencing any of this, I can partner with you and offer my clinical skills and expertise to enhance your strengths and overcome those difficulties.
Meghan Mulligan
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Largo, FL 33771
Each morning is a battle to get out of bed. You hit the snooze button to avoid your day. Overall, you are feeling stuck in your life. These feelings are painful and lonely, especially for young people who are experiencing the pressures of society, social media, and the expectations of friends or family to have everything "figured out." My passion lies in guiding teenagers and young adults as they go through the complexities of life. If depression, anxiety, trauma, or trouble with concentration are making it difficult for you to get through your day, then therapy is a great tool to help you navigate these experiences.
Each morning is a battle to get out of bed. You hit the snooze button to avoid your day. Overall, you are feeling stuck in your life. These feelings are painful and lonely, especially for young people who are experiencing the pressures of society, social media, and the expectations of friends or family to have everything "figured out." My passion lies in guiding teenagers and young adults as they go through the complexities of life. If depression, anxiety, trauma, or trouble with concentration are making it difficult for you to get through your day, then therapy is a great tool to help you navigate these experiences.
Ramon Maisonet
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Largo, FL 33771 (Online Only)
I have observed that most of the clients I have helped over the years suffer from and express feeling fragmented by either traumatic experiences or inner conflicts between competing wishes and desires. With their sense of self shattered, client's often feel anxious and depressed as well as powerless in being able to move forward in life resulting in more anxiety and depression, eventually spiraling out of control resulting in panic, self harming behavior and often substance use. My goal then for you my client, is to help piece together your shattered self and set you back on the path towards a better present and future.
I have observed that most of the clients I have helped over the years suffer from and express feeling fragmented by either traumatic experiences or inner conflicts between competing wishes and desires. With their sense of self shattered, client's often feel anxious and depressed as well as powerless in being able to move forward in life resulting in more anxiety and depression, eventually spiraling out of control resulting in panic, self harming behavior and often substance use. My goal then for you my client, is to help piece together your shattered self and set you back on the path towards a better present and future.
Clean Recovery Centers
Licensed Mental Health Counselor
Verified Verified
Largo, FL 33770
Unique Three Phase Approach Every day the plagues of alcoholism, drug addiction and untreated mental health issues impact millions of lives. Clean Recovery Centers treats alcohol abuse, addiction and mental health based on a 3-phase approach: Get Clean. Live Clean. Stay Clean. Services include a full spectrum of treatment options from Medical Detox, Residential I, Residential II with Mental Health, Day/Night Treatment (DNT) with Community Housing, Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP), Intensive Outpatient (IOP) with Transitional Living for both Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and Mental Health, to Outpatient (OP) Treatment for both Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and Mental Health. Clean Recovery Centers provides tools to achieve permanent recovery. Our highly skilled staff knows addiction and understands what it takes to beat the disease and lead successful, rewarding lives. Clean Recovery Centers has several locations on the Sun Coast of Florida.
Unique Three Phase Approach Every day the plagues of alcoholism, drug addiction and untreated mental health issues impact millions of lives. Clean Recovery Centers treats alcohol abuse, addiction and mental health based on a 3-phase approach: Get Clean. Live Clean. Stay Clean. Services include a full spectrum of treatment options from Medical Detox, Residential I, Residential II with Mental Health, Day/Night Treatment (DNT) with Community Housing, Partial Hospitalization Program (PHP), Intensive Outpatient (IOP) with Transitional Living for both Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and Mental Health, to Outpatient (OP) Treatment for both Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and Mental Health. Clean Recovery Centers provides tools to achieve permanent recovery. Our highly skilled staff knows addiction and understands what it takes to beat the disease and lead successful, rewarding lives. Clean Recovery Centers has several locations on the Sun Coast of Florida.
CBT Pinellas, LLC
Counselor, LMHC , LBC-DBT
Verified Verified
Largo, FL 33773
Struggling with the weight of the darkness out there? Is it more difficult to find your Peace lately? Unwanted thoughts and emotions nagging at you now more than ever? Do fear, confusion, guilt and anger swallow you up as time moves forward? Thoughts and emotions are more intense for us all these days, discouragement is at an all time high and our relationships are filling up with far more conflict. You're not alone. We all need relief, true healing-real answers. Whether you're a struggling Christian, unsure about what you believe, or just want factual solutions from someone who's walked the same path and found the way out-call us!
Struggling with the weight of the darkness out there? Is it more difficult to find your Peace lately? Unwanted thoughts and emotions nagging at you now more than ever? Do fear, confusion, guilt and anger swallow you up as time moves forward? Thoughts and emotions are more intense for us all these days, discouragement is at an all time high and our relationships are filling up with far more conflict. You're not alone. We all need relief, true healing-real answers. Whether you're a struggling Christian, unsure about what you believe, or just want factual solutions from someone who's walked the same path and found the way out-call us!
Helen F Dahlhauser
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, CAP
Verified Verified
Largo, FL 33771
I adore the person who irregardless of the issues wants to grow and discover life beyond his/her personal trauma. He/she quickly ascertains that the trauma is the vehicle to more and better in life. The trauma though real and respected can actually be transformed into a launching pad where having faced his/her deepest pain they become unstoppable and go far in life in personal happiness, deeds of compassion and live lives filled with grace. To live a graceful life , one filled with meaning and purpose. so at the end of the day there is joy and peace is a significant accomplishment.
I adore the person who irregardless of the issues wants to grow and discover life beyond his/her personal trauma. He/she quickly ascertains that the trauma is the vehicle to more and better in life. The trauma though real and respected can actually be transformed into a launching pad where having faced his/her deepest pain they become unstoppable and go far in life in personal happiness, deeds of compassion and live lives filled with grace. To live a graceful life , one filled with meaning and purpose. so at the end of the day there is joy and peace is a significant accomplishment.
Robert Coleman PsyD LLC
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Largo, FL 33778
"Empowered living by positive change." Dr. Coleman is a Clinical Psychologist specializing in health psychology and behavioral medicine centered on wellness, wholeness, mind-body-spirit integration, and lifestyle balance guided by core values and beliefs. Therapy begins with accepting the reality of “What Is,” then healing/growing (recovery) from the past based on acknowledging and making peace with “What Happened,” and then focusing on the future (discovery) grounded in “What’s Possible” and more importantly “What Matters.” This takes courage… our job is to support you through your healing journey: You don’t have to do it alone.
"Empowered living by positive change." Dr. Coleman is a Clinical Psychologist specializing in health psychology and behavioral medicine centered on wellness, wholeness, mind-body-spirit integration, and lifestyle balance guided by core values and beliefs. Therapy begins with accepting the reality of “What Is,” then healing/growing (recovery) from the past based on acknowledging and making peace with “What Happened,” and then focusing on the future (discovery) grounded in “What’s Possible” and more importantly “What Matters.” This takes courage… our job is to support you through your healing journey: You don’t have to do it alone.
Ann DePoole
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Largo, FL 33773
Thank you for starting your journey with me. I have been a therapist for 12 years, returning to school in my 40’s to fulfill a lifelong dream of helping others, like you, lead their best life. I believe in mending one soul at a time. Our world has been through a lot and now, here we are again trying to readjust. I am extremely thankful that more people are talking openly about mental health and helping to reduce the stigma. I firmly believe in order for someone to get the most from therapy, there must be mutual trust and openness between the client and therapist. My job is to meet you where you are and walk
Thank you for starting your journey with me. I have been a therapist for 12 years, returning to school in my 40’s to fulfill a lifelong dream of helping others, like you, lead their best life. I believe in mending one soul at a time. Our world has been through a lot and now, here we are again trying to readjust. I am extremely thankful that more people are talking openly about mental health and helping to reduce the stigma. I firmly believe in order for someone to get the most from therapy, there must be mutual trust and openness between the client and therapist. My job is to meet you where you are and walk
See more therapy options for Largo
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Largo, FL
100+
Average cost per session
$125
Therapists in Largo, FL who prioritize treating:
90% | Anxiety |
87% | Depression |
79% | Relationship Issues |
79% | Self Esteem |
72% | Coping Skills |
68% | Stress |
66% | Trauma and PTSD |
Average years in practice
14 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
86% | Cigna and Evernorth |
84% | UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH |
80% | Aetna |
How Therapists in Largo, FL see their clients
76% | In Person and Online | |
24% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
78% | Female | |
21% | Male | |
1% | Non-Binary |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Largo?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.