Therapists in Knoxville, TN

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Photo of Cheryl Marye Allen-Freeman, Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Cheryl Marye Allen-Freeman
Counselor, MS, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37922
VIRTUAL VISITS-Telehealth. We specialize in sessions via the internet on high encrypted, Hipaa Compliant systems (similar to FaceTime, Skype, etc.) It allows for same day sessions for clients who are not able to make it into one of our physical locations. Clients can use their phones, tablets, laptops, and PC's. We are a professional counseling firm with experienced counselors in Sexual Abuse, Relationship/Marital Counseling, Family Counseling, Codependency Counseling, Gender Identity, Incarceration/Probation Counseling, and specialize in Alcohol and Substance Abuse Counseling for adults and teens, as well as Trauma and PTSD.
VIRTUAL VISITS-Telehealth. We specialize in sessions via the internet on high encrypted, Hipaa Compliant systems (similar to FaceTime, Skype, etc.) It allows for same day sessions for clients who are not able to make it into one of our physical locations. Clients can use their phones, tablets, laptops, and PC's. We are a professional counseling firm with experienced counselors in Sexual Abuse, Relationship/Marital Counseling, Family Counseling, Codependency Counseling, Gender Identity, Incarceration/Probation Counseling, and specialize in Alcohol and Substance Abuse Counseling for adults and teens, as well as Trauma and PTSD.
(865) 205-6190 View (865) 205-6190
Photo of Erin Holm, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Erin Holm
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37920  (Online Only)
Let's not say "therapy," let's call it what it is - developing Emotional Intelligence. Emotional Intelligence is the key to a positive lifestyle. You are not born with Emotional Intelligence, nor does it come naturally. It is a skill that develops over time. Throughout our life, we are exposed to stress, adverse events and life-changing situations. These experiences add up, accumulate, get filed away in our minds; only to arise at the most inconvenient times, impacting our ability to function with everyday life. Having a strong Emotional Intelligence helps you manage and get your life back on track.
Let's not say "therapy," let's call it what it is - developing Emotional Intelligence. Emotional Intelligence is the key to a positive lifestyle. You are not born with Emotional Intelligence, nor does it come naturally. It is a skill that develops over time. Throughout our life, we are exposed to stress, adverse events and life-changing situations. These experiences add up, accumulate, get filed away in our minds; only to arise at the most inconvenient times, impacting our ability to function with everyday life. Having a strong Emotional Intelligence helps you manage and get your life back on track.
(865) 355-8032 View (865) 355-8032
Photo of Krista Hein Bland, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Krista Hein Bland
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37921
Currently accepting new clients, no waitlist! My practice is primarily focused on working with couples that are struggling with their relationship and communication. I also work with individuals who are struggling with relationships. In working with couples, I am careful to ensure that everyone in the room with me feels heard. I work with couples dealing with communication issues and trauma, as well as couples who want to deepen their connection. I am also trained in EMDR and aim to treat trauma within both the individual and couple's context.
Currently accepting new clients, no waitlist! My practice is primarily focused on working with couples that are struggling with their relationship and communication. I also work with individuals who are struggling with relationships. In working with couples, I am careful to ensure that everyone in the room with me feels heard. I work with couples dealing with communication issues and trauma, as well as couples who want to deepen their connection. I am also trained in EMDR and aim to treat trauma within both the individual and couple's context.
(865) 328-2106 View (865) 328-2106
Photo of Jennifer Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Jennifer Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Jen Williams, LMFT Jen Williams is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2016. She has a BA in Art History and a Master's in Psychology with an emphasis on Art Therapy. Jen believes in working with individuals to reconnect with their sense of hope, their inner child and themselves using person centered modalities and art therapy. In her free time, Jen enjoys cooking, painting, reading, lifting weights, going on walks, and spending time with her spouse and pets.
Jen Williams, LMFT Jen Williams is a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2016. She has a BA in Art History and a Master's in Psychology with an emphasis on Art Therapy. Jen believes in working with individuals to reconnect with their sense of hope, their inner child and themselves using person centered modalities and art therapy. In her free time, Jen enjoys cooking, painting, reading, lifting weights, going on walks, and spending time with her spouse and pets.
(865) 448-4314 View (865) 448-4314
Photo of Rachel Lucero, Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Rachel Lucero
Counselor, tLPC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
I am Licensed Professional Clinical Mental Health Counselor in the states of New Mexico (LPCC), Pennsylvania (LPC), Colorado (LPC) and Tennessee (LPC-MHSP temp). Since 2016, I have worked with children, adolescents, adults, and families struggling with mental health issues including trauma and PTSD, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and more. I specialize in the treatment of eating disorders in adults and teens and work with individuals and families to foster feeling from disordered eating.
I am Licensed Professional Clinical Mental Health Counselor in the states of New Mexico (LPCC), Pennsylvania (LPC), Colorado (LPC) and Tennessee (LPC-MHSP temp). Since 2016, I have worked with children, adolescents, adults, and families struggling with mental health issues including trauma and PTSD, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and more. I specialize in the treatment of eating disorders in adults and teens and work with individuals and families to foster feeling from disordered eating.
(865) 800-3841 View (865) 800-3841
Photo of Erin Borden, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Erin Borden
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LADACII
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
I am passionate about working with individuals, partners, and families that have been impacted by substance use and alcoholism. These experiences have a way of breaking us down causing disconnection and hopelessness. I believe psychoeducation, connection, and support can build a pathway to recovery that is sustainable and provides a foundation for a life worth living. Research shows us that the more support and connection an individual or family has, the more likely they are to overcome challenges. My goal is to help guide, support, and teach you skills that will help you or your loved one live without alcohol or other drugs.
I am passionate about working with individuals, partners, and families that have been impacted by substance use and alcoholism. These experiences have a way of breaking us down causing disconnection and hopelessness. I believe psychoeducation, connection, and support can build a pathway to recovery that is sustainable and provides a foundation for a life worth living. Research shows us that the more support and connection an individual or family has, the more likely they are to overcome challenges. My goal is to help guide, support, and teach you skills that will help you or your loved one live without alcohol or other drugs.
(865) 737-1569 View (865) 737-1569
Photo of Haven Counseling Center, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Haven Counseling Center
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP, LMFT, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37919
We are a family-focused counseling clinic in Knoxville, Tennessee, with telehealth availability throughout Tennessee. Haven is a practice that desires to meet the mental health and relational needs of our community, with a particular focus on serving those looking for faith-sensitive services, where belief can be openly integrated into the therapeutic process as clients may desire. We desire to offer a positive and inviting place for adults, children, adolescents, and whole families to receive highly professional support in their emotional and behavioral needs.
We are a family-focused counseling clinic in Knoxville, Tennessee, with telehealth availability throughout Tennessee. Haven is a practice that desires to meet the mental health and relational needs of our community, with a particular focus on serving those looking for faith-sensitive services, where belief can be openly integrated into the therapeutic process as clients may desire. We desire to offer a positive and inviting place for adults, children, adolescents, and whole families to receive highly professional support in their emotional and behavioral needs.
(865) 344-2355 View (865) 344-2355
Photo of Sarah E Lee, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Sarah E Lee
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37918
My ideal client would be someone who is struggling to find peace of mind. Perhaps they are trying to live with unresolved issues from the past or stagnant, lingering emotions that just won't go away.
My ideal client would be someone who is struggling to find peace of mind. Perhaps they are trying to live with unresolved issues from the past or stagnant, lingering emotions that just won't go away.
(865) 503-6894 View (865) 503-6894
Photo of Desiree Dawn Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Desiree Dawn Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37922
Immediate openings! Taking Out-of-network (private pay) and United Health Care (Optum, UMR). I want to help you compassionately change your relationship with your feelings, connect to your own values, recognize your own strengths, and live a rich and meaningful life. Your goals for emotional wellness are important, and I believe that everyone has the capacity to heal.
Immediate openings! Taking Out-of-network (private pay) and United Health Care (Optum, UMR). I want to help you compassionately change your relationship with your feelings, connect to your own values, recognize your own strengths, and live a rich and meaningful life. Your goals for emotional wellness are important, and I believe that everyone has the capacity to heal.
(865) 328-7945 View (865) 328-7945
Photo of Ashley N Davis, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Ashley N Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPCMHSP, C-DBT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37921
Do you ever feel like your emotions control you, leading to impulsive choices and strained relationships? You’re not alone. Perhaps you experience intense anger, anxiety, or overwhelming sadness. You struggle with self-harm, isolation from loved ones, and difficulties at home or work. You feel stuck and are seeking a way out. You don’t have to continue this path. Together, we can create a personalized treatment plan to manage emotions, build resilience, and find lasting peace. I specialize in working with individuals who have experienced trauma, those with personality disorders, and new or expecting parents.
Do you ever feel like your emotions control you, leading to impulsive choices and strained relationships? You’re not alone. Perhaps you experience intense anger, anxiety, or overwhelming sadness. You struggle with self-harm, isolation from loved ones, and difficulties at home or work. You feel stuck and are seeking a way out. You don’t have to continue this path. Together, we can create a personalized treatment plan to manage emotions, build resilience, and find lasting peace. I specialize in working with individuals who have experienced trauma, those with personality disorders, and new or expecting parents.
(865) 658-8795 View (865) 658-8795
Photo of Julianna Saah, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Julianna Saah
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Whether you are going through a major life event that you would like to process, need someone to talk to about the everyday stressors of life, or anything in between, I am here for you. I have been working in the mental health and social work field for several years, where I most recently worked with children and teens in the crisis intervention setting. Through this experience, I found a passion for working with teens and young adults to process life’s challenges, relationships, transitional periods, and more.
Whether you are going through a major life event that you would like to process, need someone to talk to about the everyday stressors of life, or anything in between, I am here for you. I have been working in the mental health and social work field for several years, where I most recently worked with children and teens in the crisis intervention setting. Through this experience, I found a passion for working with teens and young adults to process life’s challenges, relationships, transitional periods, and more.
(865) 390-3973 View (865) 390-3973
Photo of Anna Trout Perry, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Anna Trout Perry
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37918
Waitlist for new clients
Maybe you’re at the end of your rope in your relationships, but you feel lost on how to break generational cycles and unhealthy patterns. Maybe you're seeking support in how to navigate life with neurodiversity in a neurotypical world. Maybe you’ve tried other therapists, but you just didn’t feel like they "got it." You’re looking for someone who speaks your language, a space where you don’t have to educate your therapist on the impact of Religious Trauma on your life. Maybe you're a parent seeking a safe, relatable space for your emerging adult to process their lives and build the tools they need to thrive in today's world.
Maybe you’re at the end of your rope in your relationships, but you feel lost on how to break generational cycles and unhealthy patterns. Maybe you're seeking support in how to navigate life with neurodiversity in a neurotypical world. Maybe you’ve tried other therapists, but you just didn’t feel like they "got it." You’re looking for someone who speaks your language, a space where you don’t have to educate your therapist on the impact of Religious Trauma on your life. Maybe you're a parent seeking a safe, relatable space for your emerging adult to process their lives and build the tools they need to thrive in today's world.
(865) 424-7916 View (865) 424-7916
Photo of Mishi C Worrell, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Mishi C Worrell
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37909
Mishi C. Worrell is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2021. Mishi obtained her Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Pentecostal Theological Seminary and also holds a Bachelor's degree in Marketing/Business Administration. Her previous experience includes many years working as a staffing consultant and account executive for principals nationally and internationally. Mishi left the business arena and entered clinical services after years of finding herself functioning in the dual roles of helping with intrapersonal issues and closing business deals.
Mishi C. Worrell is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Tennessee who has been practicing since 2021. Mishi obtained her Master's degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from Pentecostal Theological Seminary and also holds a Bachelor's degree in Marketing/Business Administration. Her previous experience includes many years working as a staffing consultant and account executive for principals nationally and internationally. Mishi left the business arena and entered clinical services after years of finding herself functioning in the dual roles of helping with intrapersonal issues and closing business deals.
(865) 351-6403 View (865) 351-6403
Photo of Jessica Baddorf, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Jessica Baddorf
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37923
Waitlist for new clients
** Accepting new clients with a waiting list ** My super power is listening and synthesizing information to help you find clarity about something that you are struggling with. We can work on a wide array of problems regarding yourself and your world. Ideally, therapy is a place for you to problem solve about things and identify helpful interventions that you can put into practice. But it can also be a place for you to talk about what can’t be solved.
** Accepting new clients with a waiting list ** My super power is listening and synthesizing information to help you find clarity about something that you are struggling with. We can work on a wide array of problems regarding yourself and your world. Ideally, therapy is a place for you to problem solve about things and identify helpful interventions that you can put into practice. But it can also be a place for you to talk about what can’t be solved.
(865) 383-1156 View (865) 383-1156
Photo of Heather Willard, Pre-Licensed Professional in Knoxville, TN
Heather Willard
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, CMHC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37912
Hello! My name is Heather Willard and I am a professional counselor who works with children, adolescents, and adults dealing with anxiety, depression, grief, and other challenges. I partner with individuals and families to identify goals and develop a process that is complementary to each person’s needs and strengths. I love joining with individuals through counseling so they can be in a stronger place to grow, heal, and move toward wholeness. Therapy can be hard work, but it can also be fun and lead to strength and a deeper sense of joy.
Hello! My name is Heather Willard and I am a professional counselor who works with children, adolescents, and adults dealing with anxiety, depression, grief, and other challenges. I partner with individuals and families to identify goals and develop a process that is complementary to each person’s needs and strengths. I love joining with individuals through counseling so they can be in a stronger place to grow, heal, and move toward wholeness. Therapy can be hard work, but it can also be fun and lead to strength and a deeper sense of joy.
(865) 674-9596 View (865) 674-9596
Photo of Dr. Wes Allen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Dr. Wes Allen
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, MHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
Knoxville, TN 37912
My work as a counselor focuses on helping individuals use the strengths they already possess to enact positive change within their lives. I firmly believe that as people, we possess the powers within us to solve almost any problem that life throws at us. Sometimes, as the result of things we encounter in life, be it: trauma, messages learned in childhood, patterns of thought that are no longer needed, grief, or other difficult life experiences, we have trouble finding the path to the answers within us. As a counselor, I feel privileged to help people find the paths to the answers they seek.
My work as a counselor focuses on helping individuals use the strengths they already possess to enact positive change within their lives. I firmly believe that as people, we possess the powers within us to solve almost any problem that life throws at us. Sometimes, as the result of things we encounter in life, be it: trauma, messages learned in childhood, patterns of thought that are no longer needed, grief, or other difficult life experiences, we have trouble finding the path to the answers within us. As a counselor, I feel privileged to help people find the paths to the answers they seek.
(865) 344-6811 View (865) 344-6811
Photo of Insightful Journey™ Therapy Services, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Insightful Journey™ Therapy Services, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
You’ve heard that life is a journey. Actually, we believe that life is about multiple journeys. Perhaps your most important is the exploration to help you heal. It is the one where you gain insight into your mind and heart. At Insightful Journey, we serve as your guides to help you overcome roadblocks such as depression, anxiety, and trauma that are preventing you from being successful. Everyone’s quest is unique, so we take a personalized approach to help get you on track to reach your destination.
You’ve heard that life is a journey. Actually, we believe that life is about multiple journeys. Perhaps your most important is the exploration to help you heal. It is the one where you gain insight into your mind and heart. At Insightful Journey, we serve as your guides to help you overcome roadblocks such as depression, anxiety, and trauma that are preventing you from being successful. Everyone’s quest is unique, so we take a personalized approach to help get you on track to reach your destination.
(865) 518-7864 View (865) 518-7864
Photo of Cindy Fugatt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Knoxville, TN
Cindy Fugatt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37931
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I enjoy practicing from a Christian platform but also respect and honor other religions/spirituality/and beliefs. I received a Masters of Social Work from the University of Alabama and a Bachelors in Psychology from the University of Tennessee. Additionally, I have an emotional support dog in my office. My Chcoclate Lab, Jed :)
I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 20 years experience working with children, adolescents, and adults. I enjoy practicing from a Christian platform but also respect and honor other religions/spirituality/and beliefs. I received a Masters of Social Work from the University of Alabama and a Bachelors in Psychology from the University of Tennessee. Additionally, I have an emotional support dog in my office. My Chcoclate Lab, Jed :)
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Photo of Shannon Wilson, Psychologist in Knoxville, TN
Shannon Wilson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37918
I earned my PhD from the University of Tennessee, and am a licensed clinical psychologist. I have received specialized training in many areas, including evaluations, hypnosis, trauma recovery, depression, and anxiety, behavioral issues and family therapy. I work with children, adolescents, adults, and families, and have specific training in the treatment of law enforcement officers and emergency responders. I do a great deal of work with families and children going through divorce. My therapeutic style is generally cognitive-behavioral, but varies from case to case depending on the needs of the client. I believe that everyone deserves to be heard and respected.
I earned my PhD from the University of Tennessee, and am a licensed clinical psychologist. I have received specialized training in many areas, including evaluations, hypnosis, trauma recovery, depression, and anxiety, behavioral issues and family therapy. I work with children, adolescents, adults, and families, and have specific training in the treatment of law enforcement officers and emergency responders. I do a great deal of work with families and children going through divorce. My therapeutic style is generally cognitive-behavioral, but varies from case to case depending on the needs of the client. I believe that everyone deserves to be heard and respected.
(865) 264-3107 View (865) 264-3107
Photo of Danyelle C Smith, Licensed Professional Counselor in Knoxville, TN
Danyelle C Smith
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCMHSP, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Knoxville, TN 37923
Having a supportive, safe, therapeutic place for you is empowering. Help is available for all types of issues using evidence based practices through a clinical perspective by a highly trained, educated, compassionate, and empathic therapist.
Having a supportive, safe, therapeutic place for you is empowering. Help is available for all types of issues using evidence based practices through a clinical perspective by a highly trained, educated, compassionate, and empathic therapist.
(865) 309-4923 View (865) 309-4923

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Knoxville, TN

700+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Knoxville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
74% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
73% Self Esteem
67% Coping Skills
65% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Aetna
67% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Knoxville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Knoxville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.