Therapists in Washington Terrace, UT

Photo of Chandra Dorsett, Counselor in Washington Terrace, UT
Chandra Dorsett
Counselor, Chandra Dorsett, MS, CMHC
Verified Verified
Washington Terrace, UT 84405
I am truly passionate about personal growth and helping others achieve their goals. At times, we all require assistance and encouragement. Seeking help is no small task – as it requires courage and resilience to seek support when needed. My practice encompasses individuals from various backgrounds facing a range of challenges such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, autism (Spectrum Disorder), ADHD, trauma, and substance use.
I am truly passionate about personal growth and helping others achieve their goals. At times, we all require assistance and encouragement. Seeking help is no small task – as it requires courage and resilience to seek support when needed. My practice encompasses individuals from various backgrounds facing a range of challenges such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, autism (Spectrum Disorder), ADHD, trauma, and substance use.
(385) 644-9454 View (385) 644-9454
Photo of Dr. Angela Pobanz, Counselor in Washington Terrace, UT
Dr. Angela Pobanz
Counselor, PsyD, LCMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington Terrace, UT 84405  (Online Only)
I am licensed in both Utah and Virginia. I specialize in women's mental health with the overarching goals of helping women find wholeness and develop resilience. I can help with depression, anxiety, trauma, life transitions, healthy habit-building, strengths-building, thought and emotion management, and more. I believe that the therapeutic process is most effective when it is collaborative, compassionate, and focuses not just on what seems to be going wrong, but also on what is fundamentally right (e.g., personal strengths).
I am licensed in both Utah and Virginia. I specialize in women's mental health with the overarching goals of helping women find wholeness and develop resilience. I can help with depression, anxiety, trauma, life transitions, healthy habit-building, strengths-building, thought and emotion management, and more. I believe that the therapeutic process is most effective when it is collaborative, compassionate, and focuses not just on what seems to be going wrong, but also on what is fundamentally right (e.g., personal strengths).
(385) 284-0146 View (385) 284-0146

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Bright Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington Terrace, UT
Bright Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ogden, UT 84405  (Online Only)
As committed mental health therapists, our specialty lies in supporting adolescents and adults battling depression, anxiety, and self acceptance, with a keen focus on those exploring their sexual identity. We provide a compassionate environment for individuals contending with the discord between their newly accepted self and long-held values or religious beliefs. Collaboratively, we strive to enhance self-esteem, nurture confidence, and initiate a rewarding journey towards self-discovery.
As committed mental health therapists, our specialty lies in supporting adolescents and adults battling depression, anxiety, and self acceptance, with a keen focus on those exploring their sexual identity. We provide a compassionate environment for individuals contending with the discord between their newly accepted self and long-held values or religious beliefs. Collaboratively, we strive to enhance self-esteem, nurture confidence, and initiate a rewarding journey towards self-discovery.
(385) 250-0437 View (385) 250-0437
Photo of Kaylan Goodman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Washington Terrace, UT
Kaylan Goodman
Pre-Licensed Professional, A-CMHC
Verified Verified
Ogden, UT 84401
My ideal client would be any client. Any human being who is reaching out and who wants help managing life’s difficulties, I am here for you. Providing a safe space to be yourself, is my highest priority. I truly value authentic human connection and support. If you as a client are looking to change or work on the symptoms that plague you, I am here, ready to put in a team effort. As an eclectic therapist, I will cater the therapeutic modalities that I utilize to fit specific needs. The most common modalities I use are CBT, DBT, attachment theory and acceptance and commitment therapy.
My ideal client would be any client. Any human being who is reaching out and who wants help managing life’s difficulties, I am here for you. Providing a safe space to be yourself, is my highest priority. I truly value authentic human connection and support. If you as a client are looking to change or work on the symptoms that plague you, I am here, ready to put in a team effort. As an eclectic therapist, I will cater the therapeutic modalities that I utilize to fit specific needs. The most common modalities I use are CBT, DBT, attachment theory and acceptance and commitment therapy.
(385) 417-6908 View (385) 417-6908
Photo of Tyson Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Washington Terrace, UT
Tyson Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Riverdale, UT 84405  (Online Only)
I work with a wide variety of individuals and couples. The clients I work with have diverse backgrounds and often struggle with relationship dynamics, anxiety, depression, grief and trauma. I prioritize establishing safety and security in working with my clients so that the therapy environment is one that allows for exploring and overcoming. I utilize action-oriented approaches and this includes strategies that focus on acceptance and mindfulness as well as commitment and behavioral change. My hope is that my clients will learn to be free enough to make their lives more meaningful and whole. The best way to contact me is by EMAIL.
I work with a wide variety of individuals and couples. The clients I work with have diverse backgrounds and often struggle with relationship dynamics, anxiety, depression, grief and trauma. I prioritize establishing safety and security in working with my clients so that the therapy environment is one that allows for exploring and overcoming. I utilize action-oriented approaches and this includes strategies that focus on acceptance and mindfulness as well as commitment and behavioral change. My hope is that my clients will learn to be free enough to make their lives more meaningful and whole. The best way to contact me is by EMAIL.
(385) 334-5156 View (385) 334-5156
Photo of Javier Morales, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington Terrace, UT
Javier Morales
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Ogden, UT 84405
My areas of expertise include: anxiety/stress management, trauma (PTSD), outpatient addiction treatment (substance use) and pornography related issues. I use Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Motivational Interviewing to help clients develop strategies to decrease symptoms related to anxiety, trauma and addiction. I meet with individuals and couples in-person and via HIPPA compliant video/phone conferencing.
My areas of expertise include: anxiety/stress management, trauma (PTSD), outpatient addiction treatment (substance use) and pornography related issues. I use Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Motivational Interviewing to help clients develop strategies to decrease symptoms related to anxiety, trauma and addiction. I meet with individuals and couples in-person and via HIPPA compliant video/phone conferencing.
(385) 393-1203 View (385) 393-1203
Photo of Liz Geldmacher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington Terrace, UT
Liz Geldmacher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
South Weber, UT 84403
We all have lenses (like a pair of glasses) through which we view life. No two pair of lenses are the same. We have developed these lenses over time, for various reasons as we have lived out our “story.” Some lenses have served us well, while others have not. With over 10 years of experience as a therapist I can provide you with a new perspective and improve your vision of what is possible in your life. As a therapist, I am compassionate, kind, and direct.
We all have lenses (like a pair of glasses) through which we view life. No two pair of lenses are the same. We have developed these lenses over time, for various reasons as we have lived out our “story.” Some lenses have served us well, while others have not. With over 10 years of experience as a therapist I can provide you with a new perspective and improve your vision of what is possible in your life. As a therapist, I am compassionate, kind, and direct.
(801) 751-7367 View (801) 751-7367
Photo of Adriana Carolina Zarate, Counselor in Washington Terrace, UT
Adriana Carolina Zarate
Counselor, ACMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ogden, UT 84405
My primary goal is to create a therapeutic space where you feel genuinely seen and understood. In this space, your unique cultural background isn't just acknowledged but celebrated. Together, we will delve into the complexities of your identity and experiences, recognizing how they shape your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Through this exploration, I aim to help you cultivate a deeper sense of self-awareness and self-acceptance. Your story matters deeply. Every aspect of who you are is valid and deserving of respect. Together, we will navigate the challenges you're facing and work collaboratively towards your goals for growth.
My primary goal is to create a therapeutic space where you feel genuinely seen and understood. In this space, your unique cultural background isn't just acknowledged but celebrated. Together, we will delve into the complexities of your identity and experiences, recognizing how they shape your thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. Through this exploration, I aim to help you cultivate a deeper sense of self-awareness and self-acceptance. Your story matters deeply. Every aspect of who you are is valid and deserving of respect. Together, we will navigate the challenges you're facing and work collaboratively towards your goals for growth.
(435) 580-8277 View (435) 580-8277
Photo of Grace & Peace Christian Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington Terrace, UT
Grace & Peace Christian Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, CMHC
Verified Verified
Ogden, UT 84401
As Christian counselors, we believe Jesus Christ is the Son of God, that He came to reveal the Father’s heart & through His life, death & resurrection He decisively accomplished Gods saving work. He engages us in the Divine Relationship that we were created by, for, through and in. We seek, along with you, the client, loving purpose, healing, & direction of the Trinity in the counseling sessions. As licensed therapist, we consider our efforts inadequate apart from the grace & presence of our Lord Jesus Christ. We are blessed & humbled to go to work each day & see Christ working in people's lives in an intimate way.
As Christian counselors, we believe Jesus Christ is the Son of God, that He came to reveal the Father’s heart & through His life, death & resurrection He decisively accomplished Gods saving work. He engages us in the Divine Relationship that we were created by, for, through and in. We seek, along with you, the client, loving purpose, healing, & direction of the Trinity in the counseling sessions. As licensed therapist, we consider our efforts inadequate apart from the grace & presence of our Lord Jesus Christ. We are blessed & humbled to go to work each day & see Christ working in people's lives in an intimate way.
(888) 801-1556 x1 View (888) 801-1556 x1
Photo of Tiffany R Shapiro, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington Terrace, UT
Tiffany R Shapiro
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, MPA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Ogden, UT 84403
Not accepting new clients
Everything you've done to this point in your life has helped you survive. Your experience is impacted by family, culture, life experiences, historical and community dynamics, and your own personality, emotions, and beliefs. You are the expert of your life story. I have some knowledge and skills. Let's bring those together to explore a path toward healing and growth. I am a member of WPATH and the LGBTQ+ Affirmative Therapist Guild of Utah. I do assessments and write letters for gender affirming care.
Everything you've done to this point in your life has helped you survive. Your experience is impacted by family, culture, life experiences, historical and community dynamics, and your own personality, emotions, and beliefs. You are the expert of your life story. I have some knowledge and skills. Let's bring those together to explore a path toward healing and growth. I am a member of WPATH and the LGBTQ+ Affirmative Therapist Guild of Utah. I do assessments and write letters for gender affirming care.
(385) 376-3540 View (385) 376-3540
Photo of Sheila Taylor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington Terrace, UT
Sheila Taylor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ogden, UT 84405
I am a licensed clinical social worker, working with individuals, couples, families, children, and adolescents. I use interactive play therapy with children, I teach cognitive therapy (CBT) skills as well as dialectical behavior skills (DBT). I have also been trained in EMDR, which is specific to trauma treatment. I use these and other therapeutic interventions to assist my clients in improving strategies to better regulate emotions, tolerate and work through emotional distress, confront and change faulty thinking patterns, develop healthy boundaries, and improve communication patterns. Problems don't just go away, it takes work, courage, and a strong heart.
I am a licensed clinical social worker, working with individuals, couples, families, children, and adolescents. I use interactive play therapy with children, I teach cognitive therapy (CBT) skills as well as dialectical behavior skills (DBT). I have also been trained in EMDR, which is specific to trauma treatment. I use these and other therapeutic interventions to assist my clients in improving strategies to better regulate emotions, tolerate and work through emotional distress, confront and change faulty thinking patterns, develop healthy boundaries, and improve communication patterns. Problems don't just go away, it takes work, courage, and a strong heart.
(385) 244-2417 View (385) 244-2417
Photo of Elevate Counseling Services, Marriage & Family Therapist in Washington Terrace, UT
Elevate Counseling Services
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ogden, UT 84403
We all need connection, understanding and to know that we truly belong to be healthy. At times in life we can feel as though we are isolated and there is no safe way to be seen and accepted by others. Whether it is due to a recent life transition, relationship trauma, poor self-worth, or a myriad of other struggles, we are here to help you toward greater courage to live life more fully!
We all need connection, understanding and to know that we truly belong to be healthy. At times in life we can feel as though we are isolated and there is no safe way to be seen and accepted by others. Whether it is due to a recent life transition, relationship trauma, poor self-worth, or a myriad of other struggles, we are here to help you toward greater courage to live life more fully!
(385) 257-9197 View (385) 257-9197
Photo of Jayne Sprafke, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington Terrace, UT
Jayne Sprafke
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
South Ogden, UT 84403
Mental wellness is an important and rewarding component of a beautiful and fulfilling life. Through the process of self-examination and choosing new beliefs and behaviors, we gain insights and wisdom to thrive. I am honored to join, guide, and when necessary, challenge those willing to do this important work.
Mental wellness is an important and rewarding component of a beautiful and fulfilling life. Through the process of self-examination and choosing new beliefs and behaviors, we gain insights and wisdom to thrive. I am honored to join, guide, and when necessary, challenge those willing to do this important work.
(801) 614-2046 View (801) 614-2046
Photo of Andrea Lauritzen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington Terrace, UT
Andrea Lauritzen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LMT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ogden, UT 84403
I am a mental health center specializing in early intervention, healing trauma in youth and adults, building healthy coping skills, and strengthening families across generations. I work with 2yrs through adults, and engage clients in play and expressive arts therapy, sandtray, and CranioSacral therapy per their goals. I support clients struggling with trauma, child abuse issues, divorce, depression, anxiety, behavioral challenges, and blended families. I offer after-school and evening hours. I provide a safe and supportive, strengths-based therapy unique to each client situation and their desired outcomes.
I am a mental health center specializing in early intervention, healing trauma in youth and adults, building healthy coping skills, and strengthening families across generations. I work with 2yrs through adults, and engage clients in play and expressive arts therapy, sandtray, and CranioSacral therapy per their goals. I support clients struggling with trauma, child abuse issues, divorce, depression, anxiety, behavioral challenges, and blended families. I offer after-school and evening hours. I provide a safe and supportive, strengths-based therapy unique to each client situation and their desired outcomes.
(385) 210-1286 View (385) 210-1286
Photo of Alan W. Brooks, Marriage & Family Therapist in Washington Terrace, UT
Alan W. Brooks
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Ogden, UT 84403
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I love helping couples enrich their relationships and ignite the spark. I specialize in addiction, including porn addiction. I am certified in EMDR, a trauma therapy modality. I also work with adults struggling with anxiety and depression.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I love helping couples enrich their relationships and ignite the spark. I specialize in addiction, including porn addiction. I am certified in EMDR, a trauma therapy modality. I also work with adults struggling with anxiety and depression.
(801) 829-9169 View (801) 829-9169
Photo of Anson Family Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington Terrace, UT
Anson Family Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, ACMHC, MSWI
Verified Verified
Ogden, UT 84403
Let’s get started together. It’s easy to feel alone, and we understand how hard change can be. At our core, we know that change is possible as we heal and strengthen our relationships with those who love us best. We improve our relationships as we “come to ourselves” with new clarity and bolstered commitment to openness and healthier habits of acceptance and connection.
Let’s get started together. It’s easy to feel alone, and we understand how hard change can be. At our core, we know that change is possible as we heal and strengthen our relationships with those who love us best. We improve our relationships as we “come to ourselves” with new clarity and bolstered commitment to openness and healthier habits of acceptance and connection.
(435) 268-5452 View (435) 268-5452
Photo of Katie Julander, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington Terrace, UT
Katie Julander
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ogden, UT 84403
Telehealth appointments available! Continuing to grow as an individual requires courage and the ability and willingness to see the benefits of change. The opportunity for change is always around us. I have been a mental health therapist for 12 years providing services to help people overcome their challenges, achieve their goals and see their world in a new way! Finding the right therapist for you is kind of like dating! Lots of good people but not always the right fit. Regardless of your provider choice, I hope you find a good fit for you and achieve your therapy goals.
Telehealth appointments available! Continuing to grow as an individual requires courage and the ability and willingness to see the benefits of change. The opportunity for change is always around us. I have been a mental health therapist for 12 years providing services to help people overcome their challenges, achieve their goals and see their world in a new way! Finding the right therapist for you is kind of like dating! Lots of good people but not always the right fit. Regardless of your provider choice, I hope you find a good fit for you and achieve your therapy goals.
(385) 244-2904 View (385) 244-2904
Photo of Brian D Petrovich, Psychologist in Washington Terrace, UT
Brian D Petrovich
Psychologist, PsyD, ABPP
Verified Verified
Ogden, UT 84403
During these unprecedented times, I remain committed to helping individuals struggling with the emotions, thoughts, & changes we have had to go through. Therapy can help find ways to cope with & reduce the overwhelming feelings that may be present. Seeking mental health treatment may be seen as weak or something to be ashamed of. However, I encourage everyone to look at mental health treatment as they would any other medical or health problems. You seek help, get treatment, and it improves. I offer evidence based telehealth services & in-office services. Therapy can help assist in getting you back to enjoying life again.
During these unprecedented times, I remain committed to helping individuals struggling with the emotions, thoughts, & changes we have had to go through. Therapy can help find ways to cope with & reduce the overwhelming feelings that may be present. Seeking mental health treatment may be seen as weak or something to be ashamed of. However, I encourage everyone to look at mental health treatment as they would any other medical or health problems. You seek help, get treatment, and it improves. I offer evidence based telehealth services & in-office services. Therapy can help assist in getting you back to enjoying life again.
(385) 350-4056 View (385) 350-4056
Photo of Mike Klitgaard, Counselor in Washington Terrace, UT
Mike Klitgaard
Counselor, ACMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Ogden, UT 84401
We all love a great story! Many of us even know which stories insight and inspire motivation, changes, and a refreshed outlook on life. In contrast, other stories keep us from realizing changes and set us up for disappointing outcomes. My job is to go alongside you as you share your stories to help sift through and pull out those that can help you progress to the next stage of your life while coming to terms with other stories which cannot be changed. In other words, how to live with our choices or other people’s actions being forced upon us without those stories defining us.
We all love a great story! Many of us even know which stories insight and inspire motivation, changes, and a refreshed outlook on life. In contrast, other stories keep us from realizing changes and set us up for disappointing outcomes. My job is to go alongside you as you share your stories to help sift through and pull out those that can help you progress to the next stage of your life while coming to terms with other stories which cannot be changed. In other words, how to live with our choices or other people’s actions being forced upon us without those stories defining us.
(801) 515-4652 View (801) 515-4652
Photo of Christina Franco, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington Terrace, UT
Christina Franco
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Ogden, UT 84403
I want to help you heal from traumatic events you have experienced in your life. I am trained in EMDR treatment. I have helped many clients through EMDR to reduce the cause of stress brought on by trauma. I also have experience in working with those recovering from sexual abuse/ sexual assault.
I want to help you heal from traumatic events you have experienced in your life. I am trained in EMDR treatment. I have helped many clients through EMDR to reduce the cause of stress brought on by trauma. I also have experience in working with those recovering from sexual abuse/ sexual assault.
(385) 442-9581 View (385) 442-9581

See more therapy options for Washington Terrace

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Washington Terrace, UT

< 10

Therapists in Washington Terrace, UT who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Anxiety
100% Parenting
100% Trauma and PTSD
100% Behavioral Issues
100% Codependency
100% Women's Issues

Average years in practice

6 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% Cigna and Evernorth
100% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Washington Terrace, UT see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Washington Terrace?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.