Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Amy Groessl, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Amy Groessl
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
10 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60661
Waitlist for new clients
Whether you wish to gain clarity about a life challenge or seek to resolve a deeper change from within, our work together will present an opportunity to rework the patterns that may be disrupting your relationships or preventing you from fulfilling your life goals. I have advanced training in psychodynamic psychotherapy, viewing our therapeutic relationship as central to the change process while helping you understand how past conflicts affect how you feel in the present. I approach our work together from a genuine, empathetic stance with openness, humor, and curiosity. It is important that we are partners in your healing process.
Whether you wish to gain clarity about a life challenge or seek to resolve a deeper change from within, our work together will present an opportunity to rework the patterns that may be disrupting your relationships or preventing you from fulfilling your life goals. I have advanced training in psychodynamic psychotherapy, viewing our therapeutic relationship as central to the change process while helping you understand how past conflicts affect how you feel in the present. I approach our work together from a genuine, empathetic stance with openness, humor, and curiosity. It is important that we are partners in your healing process.
(773) 570-9224 View (773) 570-9224
Photo of Hilary Jordan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Hilary Jordan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MA, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60640
We all have the capacity to heal. From difficult relationships, anxiety, depression, chronic stress and/or pain, parenting challenges, infertility, traumatic life experiences, or other sources of distress. You have the capacity to heal. To live your most extraordinary life each and every day. To live wholly. People usually enter therapy because something important isn't working in their lives. Though healing work sometimes feels lonely, particularly when you first begin, you do not have to begin this journey alone. With the right guidance, the work can quickly become empowering, energizing, even enlightening, as you begin to have access to your whole self once again.
We all have the capacity to heal. From difficult relationships, anxiety, depression, chronic stress and/or pain, parenting challenges, infertility, traumatic life experiences, or other sources of distress. You have the capacity to heal. To live your most extraordinary life each and every day. To live wholly. People usually enter therapy because something important isn't working in their lives. Though healing work sometimes feels lonely, particularly when you first begin, you do not have to begin this journey alone. With the right guidance, the work can quickly become empowering, energizing, even enlightening, as you begin to have access to your whole self once again.
(773) 303-6477 View (773) 303-6477
Photo of Javon Garcia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Javon Garcia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60640  (Online Only)
My clinical background is centered around providing a nurturing, nonjudgmental, and affirming space for clients from all walks of life. With extensive experience in group and individual therapy, I specialize in supporting individuals grappling with LGBTQ identity, racial identity, trauma, anxiety, depression, intimate partner violence, eating disorders, attachment issues, self-esteem, life transitions, stress, and relationships. I am deeply committed to establishing a therapeutic haven for BIPOC and LGBTQ+ individuals, where they can freely express their authentic selves.
My clinical background is centered around providing a nurturing, nonjudgmental, and affirming space for clients from all walks of life. With extensive experience in group and individual therapy, I specialize in supporting individuals grappling with LGBTQ identity, racial identity, trauma, anxiety, depression, intimate partner violence, eating disorders, attachment issues, self-esteem, life transitions, stress, and relationships. I am deeply committed to establishing a therapeutic haven for BIPOC and LGBTQ+ individuals, where they can freely express their authentic selves.
(773) 830-3578 View (773) 830-3578
Photo of Jacqueline Hamilton, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Jacqueline Hamilton
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60661  (Online Only)
There are many factors in life that can affect our emotional well-being and functioning. This can leave us feeling overwhelmed, powerless, or just not our best self. Through a collaborative approach, I aim to help you manage whatever unwanted feelings and symptoms you may be experiencing. No matter how big or small you feel your challenges may be, I believe we can all benefit from taking time out of the busyness of life to focus on ourselves. I am here to support you and empower you during this process.
There are many factors in life that can affect our emotional well-being and functioning. This can leave us feeling overwhelmed, powerless, or just not our best self. Through a collaborative approach, I aim to help you manage whatever unwanted feelings and symptoms you may be experiencing. No matter how big or small you feel your challenges may be, I believe we can all benefit from taking time out of the busyness of life to focus on ourselves. I am here to support you and empower you during this process.
(312) 300-2104 View (312) 300-2104
Photo of Semah Shammas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Semah Shammas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60606  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I'm licensed as a clinical social worker and certified as a psychologically sensitive, trauma-informed yoga teacher through Chicago Room to Breathe. Additionally, I am currently going through the Somatic Attachment Therapy certification program through The Embody Lab. I specialize in anxiety, depression, self-esteem, life transitions, relationship difficulties, and complex trauma recovery. I'm an attuned therapist with the intention of meeting clients where they are.
I'm licensed as a clinical social worker and certified as a psychologically sensitive, trauma-informed yoga teacher through Chicago Room to Breathe. Additionally, I am currently going through the Somatic Attachment Therapy certification program through The Embody Lab. I specialize in anxiety, depression, self-esteem, life transitions, relationship difficulties, and complex trauma recovery. I'm an attuned therapist with the intention of meeting clients where they are.
(224) 328-1311 View (224) 328-1311
Photo of Mónica Guzmán, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Mónica Guzmán
Counselor, LCPC, ATR, EMDR
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
Waitlist for new clients
The clients I work alongside of often seek reflection and changes in their life. This can sometimes be scary, painful, intimidating and occasionally leading to leave things as they are. However in my experience, the thirst for a more fulfilling life is always present. Sometimes hiding behind a hobby or creative interest, music we listen to, places that make us feel at home or a certain moment of the year when we feel more hopeful. I deeply enjoy helping my clients find those special pieces of fulfillment together. With time and intention, these later become the foundation for healing, change, and deeper reflection.
The clients I work alongside of often seek reflection and changes in their life. This can sometimes be scary, painful, intimidating and occasionally leading to leave things as they are. However in my experience, the thirst for a more fulfilling life is always present. Sometimes hiding behind a hobby or creative interest, music we listen to, places that make us feel at home or a certain moment of the year when we feel more hopeful. I deeply enjoy helping my clients find those special pieces of fulfillment together. With time and intention, these later become the foundation for healing, change, and deeper reflection.
(312) 248-9297 View (312) 248-9297
Photo of Steve Farmilant, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Steve Farmilant
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60660
My personal approach to therapy and assessment utilizes a compassionate, non-judgmental, encouraging style. I work with clients to clarify their values, goals, and the meanings they create in their lives with a focus on how they address the five tasks of life: love, work, friendship, self-care, and spirituality. Treatment planning consists of developing strategies and skills to master these life tasks. Assessment includes Fitness, Sanity, and Mitigation Evaluations, Damages Assessment, USCIS N-648 evaluations and more.
My personal approach to therapy and assessment utilizes a compassionate, non-judgmental, encouraging style. I work with clients to clarify their values, goals, and the meanings they create in their lives with a focus on how they address the five tasks of life: love, work, friendship, self-care, and spirituality. Treatment planning consists of developing strategies and skills to master these life tasks. Assessment includes Fitness, Sanity, and Mitigation Evaluations, Damages Assessment, USCIS N-648 evaluations and more.
(872) 213-7522 View (872) 213-7522
Photo of Emmanuel Perez, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Emmanuel Perez
Counselor, LPC, MACMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613
Struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, or self-esteem? Or are you having a hard time committing to relationships and tasks? I am committed to working with you as you navigate challenges that keep you from experiencing a full and happy life. I enjoy working with people of various cultural and ethnic backgrounds, and specializing in working with individuals struggling with anxiety . depression . substance abuse . trauma . and self-esteem, as well as with couples seeking to improve communication and learn conflict resolution skills. I strive to foster a strong and safe therapeutic relationship by meeting you where you are.
Struggling with anxiety, depression, stress, or self-esteem? Or are you having a hard time committing to relationships and tasks? I am committed to working with you as you navigate challenges that keep you from experiencing a full and happy life. I enjoy working with people of various cultural and ethnic backgrounds, and specializing in working with individuals struggling with anxiety . depression . substance abuse . trauma . and self-esteem, as well as with couples seeking to improve communication and learn conflict resolution skills. I strive to foster a strong and safe therapeutic relationship by meeting you where you are.
(773) 207-4067 View (773) 207-4067
Francesca Williamson
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, MS
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60615
Francesca specializes in working with children, adolescents, young adults, and families. They utilize a holistic approach when working with clients, with a focus on the mind-body connection. Francesca uses a cognitive behavioral perspective to help clients and families understand how our thoughts influence our emotions and behaviors. She has a passion for working with clients throughout the lifespan, families, and members of the LGBTQIA+ community.
Francesca specializes in working with children, adolescents, young adults, and families. They utilize a holistic approach when working with clients, with a focus on the mind-body connection. Francesca uses a cognitive behavioral perspective to help clients and families understand how our thoughts influence our emotions and behaviors. She has a passion for working with clients throughout the lifespan, families, and members of the LGBTQIA+ community.
(312) 475-0212 View (312) 475-0212
Photo of Jordan Valentic, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Jordan Valentic
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60601
I have experience working with clients who have experienced diverse forms of trauma, ranging from sexual, physical, and emotional abuse to discrimination, systemic oppression, and relationship challenges.
I have experience working with clients who have experienced diverse forms of trauma, ranging from sexual, physical, and emotional abuse to discrimination, systemic oppression, and relationship challenges.
(312) 598-0281 View (312) 598-0281
Photo of Ayla Mian, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Ayla Mian
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60614
I do my best work with adults across the life span experiencing emotional distress. I have a special interest in life transitions, women's issues, and maternal mental health. I believe that your physical and emotional health are intimately intertwined. I am passionate about the mind body connection. I am a firm believer in the therapeutic relationship being a powerful agent of change. I work hard to foster an open and collaborative environment in the therapy room.
I do my best work with adults across the life span experiencing emotional distress. I have a special interest in life transitions, women's issues, and maternal mental health. I believe that your physical and emotional health are intimately intertwined. I am passionate about the mind body connection. I am a firm believer in the therapeutic relationship being a powerful agent of change. I work hard to foster an open and collaborative environment in the therapy room.
(872) 278-1975 View (872) 278-1975
Andrew Pakis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, BCD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60659
Are there issues in your life related to your primary relationship, work experience, social activities, or family? Do these issues create roadblocks and obstacles that cause you to feel depressed, anxious, angry, and frustrated? Have you tried to settle these issues on your own and found little lasting success? You're not alone. Life is a very demanding and stressful experience. We can all use some direction and guidance from professionals that help us with tools and ideas we never thought could help us to achieve the lasting change we desire.
Are there issues in your life related to your primary relationship, work experience, social activities, or family? Do these issues create roadblocks and obstacles that cause you to feel depressed, anxious, angry, and frustrated? Have you tried to settle these issues on your own and found little lasting success? You're not alone. Life is a very demanding and stressful experience. We can all use some direction and guidance from professionals that help us with tools and ideas we never thought could help us to achieve the lasting change we desire.
(773) 207-3485 View (773) 207-3485
Photo of Danielle Pertiller, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Danielle Pertiller
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
Danielle Pertiller, LCPC, guides her clients to achieve the things they believe are important to becoming their optimal selves. She is an empathetic, non-judgmental advocate as she helps clients navigate the hurdles of life. Danielle earned a B.A. from Southern Illinois University and an M. A. from The Chicago School of Professional Psychology. Prior to joining LifeStance Health, she worked in a variety of mental health settings including residential, community mental health, hospitals, and private practice.
Danielle Pertiller, LCPC, guides her clients to achieve the things they believe are important to becoming their optimal selves. She is an empathetic, non-judgmental advocate as she helps clients navigate the hurdles of life. Danielle earned a B.A. from Southern Illinois University and an M. A. from The Chicago School of Professional Psychology. Prior to joining LifeStance Health, she worked in a variety of mental health settings including residential, community mental health, hospitals, and private practice.
(872) 242-1579 View (872) 242-1579
Photo of Emmaline Baroni, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Emmaline Baroni
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60625  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Therapy is a wonderful way to better understand yourself and your life. In working together, we can explore how your past has impacted your current life, how to foster acceptance and create changes in the present, and consider what you would like your future to look like. I approach my clients by seeing them as a whole person and will work to create a therapeutic space that feels effective for you. With warmth and compassion, I am willing to help you with whatever comes in up therapy.
Therapy is a wonderful way to better understand yourself and your life. In working together, we can explore how your past has impacted your current life, how to foster acceptance and create changes in the present, and consider what you would like your future to look like. I approach my clients by seeing them as a whole person and will work to create a therapeutic space that feels effective for you. With warmth and compassion, I am willing to help you with whatever comes in up therapy.
(773) 825-6534 View (773) 825-6534
Photo of Managing with Mindfulness, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Managing with Mindfulness, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60654  (Online Only)
Accepting new clients in IL, AZ, IN, and NJ! Managing with Mindfulness offers a safe and judgement-free environment to unravel life’s greatest stressors, utilizing a variety of treatment methods to best serve your goals. We work primarily with adults struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, and addiction. We will work together to gently examine how your mind, body, and soul are interconnected. We will also assess how your current environment, work/school, and relationships impact your mental health. We plan to meet you where you are, in the present moment, regarding your goals and intentions.
Accepting new clients in IL, AZ, IN, and NJ! Managing with Mindfulness offers a safe and judgement-free environment to unravel life’s greatest stressors, utilizing a variety of treatment methods to best serve your goals. We work primarily with adults struggling with anxiety, depression, trauma, and addiction. We will work together to gently examine how your mind, body, and soul are interconnected. We will also assess how your current environment, work/school, and relationships impact your mental health. We plan to meet you where you are, in the present moment, regarding your goals and intentions.
(630) 796-4698 View (630) 796-4698
Photo of Imani Ryan, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Imani Ryan
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60601  (Online Only)
I work with young people, adults, and couples from all backgrounds and walks of life. I am passionate about working with young adults struggling with life transitions, adolescents healing from trauma, and working through transitions, survivors of intimate partner violence, and individuals and couples struggling with love and relationships. Although these are my passions, my therapeutic space is open to all. I aim to provide a safe space for individuals who are struggling to cope with life’s challenges.
I work with young people, adults, and couples from all backgrounds and walks of life. I am passionate about working with young adults struggling with life transitions, adolescents healing from trauma, and working through transitions, survivors of intimate partner violence, and individuals and couples struggling with love and relationships. Although these are my passions, my therapeutic space is open to all. I aim to provide a safe space for individuals who are struggling to cope with life’s challenges.
(312) 854-7235 x1 View (312) 854-7235 x1
Photo of Kim Vander Griend, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Kim Vander Griend
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, AM, LCSW
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602
The decision to seek therapy can be difficult, as it's hard to reach out for help. My goal is to make therapy feel less overwhelming through a collaborative partnership where together we identify your challenges and develop healthy coping skills. My style, rooted in warmth and humor, utilizes the therapeutic relationship to explore positive change and growth. Customized feedback and a range of strategies are provided drawing from evidenced based research and years of clinical expertise. I specialize in individual and couples therapy uniquely focusing on enhancing relationships, healing from the past, and thriving individually.
The decision to seek therapy can be difficult, as it's hard to reach out for help. My goal is to make therapy feel less overwhelming through a collaborative partnership where together we identify your challenges and develop healthy coping skills. My style, rooted in warmth and humor, utilizes the therapeutic relationship to explore positive change and growth. Customized feedback and a range of strategies are provided drawing from evidenced based research and years of clinical expertise. I specialize in individual and couples therapy uniquely focusing on enhancing relationships, healing from the past, and thriving individually.
(773) 492-8422 View (773) 492-8422
Photo of Caroline Srbeny, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Caroline Srbeny
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
If you're here, I'm guessing you feel overwhelmed, frustrated, or straight up exhausted. Maybe you've always felt different from other people without really knowing why, and you want a therapist who actually understands. You've come to the right place! As an autistic therapist, I strive to provide a safe and comfortable space in which you can explore the thoughts and feelings weighing you down without judgment. My approach is authentic - I want you to feel like you're talking to a real person. In turn, I won't ever ask you to change who you are, but instead, to live fully as the person you want to be.
If you're here, I'm guessing you feel overwhelmed, frustrated, or straight up exhausted. Maybe you've always felt different from other people without really knowing why, and you want a therapist who actually understands. You've come to the right place! As an autistic therapist, I strive to provide a safe and comfortable space in which you can explore the thoughts and feelings weighing you down without judgment. My approach is authentic - I want you to feel like you're talking to a real person. In turn, I won't ever ask you to change who you are, but instead, to live fully as the person you want to be.
View
Photo of Daina Sauls, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Chicago, IL
Daina Sauls
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, ALMFT, LPC, NCC, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60612  (Online Only)
I work with pre-teens, adolescents, adults, families, and couples. For clients under 18, my approach requires active parent/caregiver participation. For couples, I'm a certified Facilitator of Prepare & Enrich, an assessment tool that provides insight into one's relational identity.
I work with pre-teens, adolescents, adults, families, and couples. For clients under 18, my approach requires active parent/caregiver participation. For couples, I'm a certified Facilitator of Prepare & Enrich, an assessment tool that provides insight into one's relational identity.
(224) 207-4339 View (224) 207-4339
Photo of Catherine Lewis, Pre-Licensed Professional in Chicago, IL
Catherine Lewis
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60614
As creatures of habit, we sometimes find it challenging to access the space and resources that we need in order to affect change. I am passionate about working with individuals to support them in achieving increased balance and happiness within the orbits of life: work, romance, joy, and family. I am experienced in working with children and adults impacted by substance abuse, trauma, depression and anxiety. I am certified in EMDR and have experience working with the LGBTQIA2S+ community. I believe that the work done in therapy can reconnect us with our true selves, with our goals, and with a renewed excitement for the future.
As creatures of habit, we sometimes find it challenging to access the space and resources that we need in order to affect change. I am passionate about working with individuals to support them in achieving increased balance and happiness within the orbits of life: work, romance, joy, and family. I am experienced in working with children and adults impacted by substance abuse, trauma, depression and anxiety. I am certified in EMDR and have experience working with the LGBTQIA2S+ community. I believe that the work done in therapy can reconnect us with our true selves, with our goals, and with a renewed excitement for the future.
(708) 616-1125 View (708) 616-1125

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
60% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.