Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

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Photo of Danny Churchill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Danny Churchill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15241
I am a licensed clinical social worker with my master’s degree in social work from the University of Pittsburgh. I have several years of experience working with teens and adults in both private practice and community settings addressing concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, addiction, and relationship issues. I use an eclectic approach with a blend of techniques from cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and acceptance and commitment therapy. I am also an EMDR-trained provider.
I am a licensed clinical social worker with my master’s degree in social work from the University of Pittsburgh. I have several years of experience working with teens and adults in both private practice and community settings addressing concerns such as anxiety, depression, trauma, grief and loss, addiction, and relationship issues. I use an eclectic approach with a blend of techniques from cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, and acceptance and commitment therapy. I am also an EMDR-trained provider.
(412) 501-4973 View (412) 501-4973
Kings and Queens Family Services
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15212  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
We welcome and accept all individuals seeking support and change. Our world can be hard to navigate alone therefore, allow us the opportunity to support you. We have various therapist on staff that specialize in anxiety, depression, trauma, veterans, human sexuality, families and children.
We welcome and accept all individuals seeking support and change. Our world can be hard to navigate alone therefore, allow us the opportunity to support you. We have various therapist on staff that specialize in anxiety, depression, trauma, veterans, human sexuality, families and children.
(412) 981-1821 View (412) 981-1821
Photo of Conscious Counseling & Consulting, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Conscious Counseling & Consulting, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15216  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
From personal and professional experience, I have learned that we benefit substantially from having someone to actively listen and support us in processing thoughts, emotions, and other stressors.
From personal and professional experience, I have learned that we benefit substantially from having someone to actively listen and support us in processing thoughts, emotions, and other stressors.
(412) 991-1078 View (412) 991-1078
Photo of Eileen Savikas, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Eileen Savikas
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15229  (Online Only)
Stress is an inevitable part of life, it's how we cope that makes the difference. I am experienced and ready to support you in improving your day to day life and overall happiness. We will accomplish this by increasing your ability to handle your stressors, develop improved methods of managing worries and fears that may be triggering anxiety, seeking healthy boundaries and relationships, and focusing on staying in the present moment and finding peace and happiness within that moment today. I utilize strategies consistent with cognitive-behavioral therapy in a convenient virtual (video) setting. Yes you can do therapy in your PJ’s!
Stress is an inevitable part of life, it's how we cope that makes the difference. I am experienced and ready to support you in improving your day to day life and overall happiness. We will accomplish this by increasing your ability to handle your stressors, develop improved methods of managing worries and fears that may be triggering anxiety, seeking healthy boundaries and relationships, and focusing on staying in the present moment and finding peace and happiness within that moment today. I utilize strategies consistent with cognitive-behavioral therapy in a convenient virtual (video) setting. Yes you can do therapy in your PJ’s!
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Photo of Mindful Matters Counseling Group, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Mindful Matters Counseling Group
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC, ICGC-I
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15228
Life can leave you feeling stuck or overwhelmed at times. Sometimes one may feel generally dissatisfied with life and wanting more, if any of these are you...you are not alone. Depression, hopelessness, relationship problems, loss, domestic/sexual violence, sexual abuse, and addiction are just a few of the issues that bring people into counseling. Confronting these realities can be a daunting task. Counseling and the therapeutic relationship can help individuals address these adversities, transcend negative emotions and heal. I've learned that a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship is the foundation to combating negative emotions such as; sadness, guilt, shame, anxiety, hurt, and hopelessness.
Life can leave you feeling stuck or overwhelmed at times. Sometimes one may feel generally dissatisfied with life and wanting more, if any of these are you...you are not alone. Depression, hopelessness, relationship problems, loss, domestic/sexual violence, sexual abuse, and addiction are just a few of the issues that bring people into counseling. Confronting these realities can be a daunting task. Counseling and the therapeutic relationship can help individuals address these adversities, transcend negative emotions and heal. I've learned that a safe and trusting therapeutic relationship is the foundation to combating negative emotions such as; sadness, guilt, shame, anxiety, hurt, and hopelessness.
(412) 357-4035 View (412) 357-4035
Photo of Michelle Landau, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Michelle Landau
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSSA, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15217
I help clients learn to listen to and hear themselves; my interest is in helping you to develop the confidence to recognize and honor your own wisdom and thereby make more effective choices in your life. My clinical experiences have afforded me the opportunity to work with a wide range of clients, including but not limited to those with major depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, bi-polar disorder, and grief. If you are interested in gaining insight into your problems and concerns in order to make changes in your life, then our work together will be rewarding for you.
I help clients learn to listen to and hear themselves; my interest is in helping you to develop the confidence to recognize and honor your own wisdom and thereby make more effective choices in your life. My clinical experiences have afforded me the opportunity to work with a wide range of clients, including but not limited to those with major depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, bi-polar disorder, and grief. If you are interested in gaining insight into your problems and concerns in order to make changes in your life, then our work together will be rewarding for you.
(412) 253-6173 View (412) 253-6173
Photo of Mrigaya Sinha, Psychologist in Pittsburgh, PA
Mrigaya Sinha
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15228  (Online Only)
People do the best they can for their lives, however, old traumas, wounds and life challenges can create suffering, depression and anxiety. This can be a very lonely place to be 'stuck in' and we all deserve to find our way to health and healing. When people are held with compassion and warmth, there can be tremendous healing and big transformations. I have worked extensively with adults facing anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, chronic pain, interpersonal issues, and adjustment problems. No matter at what pace people want to go, this journey of healing and growth should not be a lonely one.
People do the best they can for their lives, however, old traumas, wounds and life challenges can create suffering, depression and anxiety. This can be a very lonely place to be 'stuck in' and we all deserve to find our way to health and healing. When people are held with compassion and warmth, there can be tremendous healing and big transformations. I have worked extensively with adults facing anxiety, depression, grief, trauma, chronic pain, interpersonal issues, and adjustment problems. No matter at what pace people want to go, this journey of healing and growth should not be a lonely one.
(412) 460-4148 View (412) 460-4148
Photo of Candice Kroemelbein, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Candice Kroemelbein
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS , LPC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
My ideal client would be someone motivated to do the work on themselves, open to feedback, and doesn't mind being open with me. I do not have a preference; as far as diagnosis, I have a preference for clients who know what they want and are willing to let me help them to get there.
My ideal client would be someone motivated to do the work on themselves, open to feedback, and doesn't mind being open with me. I do not have a preference; as far as diagnosis, I have a preference for clients who know what they want and are willing to let me help them to get there.
(412) 725-0250 View (412) 725-0250
Photo of Sarah Forrest, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Sarah Forrest
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15241
Not accepting new clients
Hi, I'm Sarah. I’ll bet you’ve found me because you could use some support. Maybe you’re feeling depressed. Maybe your anxiety keeps you sprinting through your day and lying awake at night. Maybe you just had a baby and aren’t feeling like you think you should. Maybe parenting is turning out to be way harder than you thought it would be. I can help.
Hi, I'm Sarah. I’ll bet you’ve found me because you could use some support. Maybe you’re feeling depressed. Maybe your anxiety keeps you sprinting through your day and lying awake at night. Maybe you just had a baby and aren’t feeling like you think you should. Maybe parenting is turning out to be way harder than you thought it would be. I can help.
(412) 912-4062 View (412) 912-4062
Photo of Jamie Harkins, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Jamie Harkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC, CYT-200
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15205
Waitlist for new clients
I believe in providing an environment of understanding, encouragement, and hope to allow you work through overwhelming, stressful, and confusing life situations. My therapeutic framework is client-centered and strengths-based, meaning that I recognize you as the expert on your own lived experiences. My goal is to collaborate with you, concentrating on your inherent strengths, to help you work through difficult and uncomfortable emotions, change thought patterns, and support your personal growth.
I believe in providing an environment of understanding, encouragement, and hope to allow you work through overwhelming, stressful, and confusing life situations. My therapeutic framework is client-centered and strengths-based, meaning that I recognize you as the expert on your own lived experiences. My goal is to collaborate with you, concentrating on your inherent strengths, to help you work through difficult and uncomfortable emotions, change thought patterns, and support your personal growth.
(412) 960-1266 View (412) 960-1266
Photo of Katelyn King, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Katelyn King
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15203
I am adept at supporting clients with anxiety, depression, and trauma-related symptoms, seeking greater self-awareness, clarity, and insight about their current struggles and how to shift them. My ideal client is motivated to change and is interested in co-creating the goals to work towards that change, with the ultimate aim being to reduce distress and build/nurture a rich and meaningful life. I often suggest homework to help practice the skills we are learning together in session. I integrate extensive clinical experience, specialized training, & my unique personality (including a healthy dose of confidence, humility, and humor).
I am adept at supporting clients with anxiety, depression, and trauma-related symptoms, seeking greater self-awareness, clarity, and insight about their current struggles and how to shift them. My ideal client is motivated to change and is interested in co-creating the goals to work towards that change, with the ultimate aim being to reduce distress and build/nurture a rich and meaningful life. I often suggest homework to help practice the skills we are learning together in session. I integrate extensive clinical experience, specialized training, & my unique personality (including a healthy dose of confidence, humility, and humor).
(412) 465-6378 View (412) 465-6378
Photo of Alexa Stern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Alexa Stern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15206
I utilize an embodied and integrated approach to support clients to heal from past wounds and improve current functioning. As a body-oriented therapist, I believe attending to posture, gesture, breath, tensions, voice, and movement can yield powerful insights and changes in how we experience ourselves and the world and facilitate the integration of body, mind and spirit toward fuller authentic living. Often, we need to encounter what we find within us to be deeply unacceptable, painful, and terrifying to be set free and transform. As a compassionate, supportive guide, I am humbled and honored to accompany my clients on this journey.
I utilize an embodied and integrated approach to support clients to heal from past wounds and improve current functioning. As a body-oriented therapist, I believe attending to posture, gesture, breath, tensions, voice, and movement can yield powerful insights and changes in how we experience ourselves and the world and facilitate the integration of body, mind and spirit toward fuller authentic living. Often, we need to encounter what we find within us to be deeply unacceptable, painful, and terrifying to be set free and transform. As a compassionate, supportive guide, I am humbled and honored to accompany my clients on this journey.
(724) 987-6963 View (724) 987-6963
Photo of Ashley Diulus, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Ashley Diulus
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15228
Not accepting new clients
Ashley is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who has been in the mental health field for 12 years. She specializes in working with children and adolescents who are struggling to deal with and manage their emotions. She has diverse experiences in the field in various contexts such as community, home, and group-home settings.
Ashley is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) who has been in the mental health field for 12 years. She specializes in working with children and adolescents who are struggling to deal with and manage their emotions. She has diverse experiences in the field in various contexts such as community, home, and group-home settings.
(412) 668-1360 View (412) 668-1360
Photo of Kathryn M Lecci LPC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Kathryn M Lecci LPC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MSEd, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15226
Please email me for quickest response! My hope and expectation is that my clients come exactly as they are; messiness and all. Life transitions, relationships, and past events can be complicated and hard to piece together on your own. Talking through these issues with another person can bring new perspective and energy. I try to match my approach in order to meet the needs of the client. Some prefer a more directive/guided therapy, whereas others need space to sit with big questions. We will work together to figure out your goals, needs, and areas you would like to heal or explore!
Please email me for quickest response! My hope and expectation is that my clients come exactly as they are; messiness and all. Life transitions, relationships, and past events can be complicated and hard to piece together on your own. Talking through these issues with another person can bring new perspective and energy. I try to match my approach in order to meet the needs of the client. Some prefer a more directive/guided therapy, whereas others need space to sit with big questions. We will work together to figure out your goals, needs, and areas you would like to heal or explore!
(412) 274-7741 View (412) 274-7741
Photo of Charles Warren, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Charles Warren
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC, LAPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15232  (Online Only)
Currently accepting new clients! As a queer, trans, non-binary human I will offer my lived experience and clinical expertise where appropriate to provide a safe and affirming space. Not only for queer people, but anyone who has ever felt alone or ‘other’. I became a therapist because I know how hard it was for me to find a queer-competent and affirming mental healthcare provider when I needed it the most. I specialize working with people who struggle with complicated thoughts and feelings surrounding sexual health & wellness, intimacy, desire, sexuality, gender identity, trauma, and non-monogamous relationships.
Currently accepting new clients! As a queer, trans, non-binary human I will offer my lived experience and clinical expertise where appropriate to provide a safe and affirming space. Not only for queer people, but anyone who has ever felt alone or ‘other’. I became a therapist because I know how hard it was for me to find a queer-competent and affirming mental healthcare provider when I needed it the most. I specialize working with people who struggle with complicated thoughts and feelings surrounding sexual health & wellness, intimacy, desire, sexuality, gender identity, trauma, and non-monogamous relationships.
(412) 998-7334 View (412) 998-7334
Photo of Avi Diamond, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Avi Diamond
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15205
Feeling stuck or overwhelmed? Are you feeling unheard in your relationship? Do you struggle with understanding or expressing your gender identity or sexuality? Many of my clients are individuals or couples who are frustrated with patterns that are no longer working for them and are looking for a guide to hold them accountable in reaching their goals.
Feeling stuck or overwhelmed? Are you feeling unheard in your relationship? Do you struggle with understanding or expressing your gender identity or sexuality? Many of my clients are individuals or couples who are frustrated with patterns that are no longer working for them and are looking for a guide to hold them accountable in reaching their goals.
(412) 207-3722 View (412) 207-3722
Photo of Vincent Michael Reginella, Licensed Professional Counselor in Pittsburgh, PA
Vincent Michael Reginella
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Pittsburgh, PA 15228
I provide mental health therapy, sports performance counseling, and vocational guidance. I work with individuals who have sustained neurological trauma, including concussion and traumatic brain injury (TBI). I work alongside athletes with improving their mental health and athletic performance. I work with undergraduate and graduate students struggling with academic performance and pressure. I also work with young professionals making the transition to the workforce after school. I also specialize in coping skill development, anxiety, stress management, mood disorders caused by endocrine dysfunction, and performance enhancement.
I provide mental health therapy, sports performance counseling, and vocational guidance. I work with individuals who have sustained neurological trauma, including concussion and traumatic brain injury (TBI). I work alongside athletes with improving their mental health and athletic performance. I work with undergraduate and graduate students struggling with academic performance and pressure. I also work with young professionals making the transition to the workforce after school. I also specialize in coping skill development, anxiety, stress management, mood disorders caused by endocrine dysfunction, and performance enhancement.
(412) 205-6031 View (412) 205-6031
Photo of Devin Wilcox, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Devin Wilcox
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSCP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15222  (Online Only)
You might be facing the challenges of ADHD, depression, or anxiety. Your unique needs are my focus. You're seeking practical solutions and guidance to lead a happier, more fulfilling life. I'm here to offer the understanding and support you're looking for, working with you to achieve the positive changes you desire.
You might be facing the challenges of ADHD, depression, or anxiety. Your unique needs are my focus. You're seeking practical solutions and guidance to lead a happier, more fulfilling life. I'm here to offer the understanding and support you're looking for, working with you to achieve the positive changes you desire.
(412) 844-2372 View (412) 844-2372
Photo of Matthew Steiner, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Pittsburgh, PA
Matthew Steiner
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15221  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Everyone has a unique story. Feeling safe and comfortable in therapy to share your thoughts, feelings, and questions is essential to the therapeutic process. I understand that the decision to choose a therapist can be a daunting task and the first step into treatment requires a lot of courage. For the past 20 years I have specialized in working with people who have been impacted by complex trauma and loss. Anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, distorted self-image, and a sense of disconnect with self, their environment, and others are often the byproducts of trauma that I see my clients experiencing.
Everyone has a unique story. Feeling safe and comfortable in therapy to share your thoughts, feelings, and questions is essential to the therapeutic process. I understand that the decision to choose a therapist can be a daunting task and the first step into treatment requires a lot of courage. For the past 20 years I have specialized in working with people who have been impacted by complex trauma and loss. Anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, distorted self-image, and a sense of disconnect with self, their environment, and others are often the byproducts of trauma that I see my clients experiencing.
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Photo of Lydia J Lanigan, Pre-Licensed Professional in Pittsburgh, PA
Lydia J Lanigan
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Pittsburgh, PA 15235  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
If you are a teen or young adult who is struggling (or an advocate for one), know that I have spent my career working with young people, and -for real-, I get it. Being a teen (or adult, honestly) is hard! My goal is to be compassionate and authentic (zero judgment zone), meet you where you are, and help you to sort out your experiences, make meaning of them, and build your best life. I especially enjoy connecting with those who are neurodiverse or who have experienced hard stuff. I'm a pretty big nerd/geek, and I am fluent in "gamer," & I am comfortable with modifying to create an environment that works for you.
If you are a teen or young adult who is struggling (or an advocate for one), know that I have spent my career working with young people, and -for real-, I get it. Being a teen (or adult, honestly) is hard! My goal is to be compassionate and authentic (zero judgment zone), meet you where you are, and help you to sort out your experiences, make meaning of them, and build your best life. I especially enjoy connecting with those who are neurodiverse or who have experienced hard stuff. I'm a pretty big nerd/geek, and I am fluent in "gamer," & I am comfortable with modifying to create an environment that works for you.
(412) 472-7531 View (412) 472-7531

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
66% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

81% Highmark
74% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Pittsburgh, PA see their clients

59% In Person and Online
41% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
19% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Pittsburgh?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.