Therapists in Alexandria, VA

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Photo of Rebecca J. Peterson, Ph.D., Psychologist in Alexandria, VA
Rebecca J. Peterson, Ph.D.
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Not accepting new clients
If you want to improve how you feel or are having difficulty achieving your goals, participating in psychotherapy might be able to help you. I provide individual and group psychotherapy in a supportive and confidential environment. Treatment is designed to help you develop and implement skills and strategies that will assist you in making positive changes in your life. Treatment plans are developed collaboratively and are tailored to help you achieve your desired treatment and personal goals.
If you want to improve how you feel or are having difficulty achieving your goals, participating in psychotherapy might be able to help you. I provide individual and group psychotherapy in a supportive and confidential environment. Treatment is designed to help you develop and implement skills and strategies that will assist you in making positive changes in your life. Treatment plans are developed collaboratively and are tailored to help you achieve your desired treatment and personal goals.
(703) 270-0832 View (703) 270-0832
Photo of Aileen Elsaesser, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Aileen Elsaesser
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Not accepting new clients
I work collaboratively with children, teens, and adults to create a safe environment that encourages positive changes. It can be difficult to make sense of distress and I seek to guide individuals to a deeper understanding of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, as well as teach coping strategies to use in the future. I have experience working with various concerns including anxiety, depression, behavioral concerns, grief, poor self-esteem and body image, relationship issues, ADHD, and life transitions. I strive to provide an environment that is warm, relaxed, and engaging where clients can have fun while gaining insight.
I work collaboratively with children, teens, and adults to create a safe environment that encourages positive changes. It can be difficult to make sense of distress and I seek to guide individuals to a deeper understanding of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, as well as teach coping strategies to use in the future. I have experience working with various concerns including anxiety, depression, behavioral concerns, grief, poor self-esteem and body image, relationship issues, ADHD, and life transitions. I strive to provide an environment that is warm, relaxed, and engaging where clients can have fun while gaining insight.
(202) 759-3793 View (202) 759-3793
Photo of Katie Schumaker, Pre-Licensed Professional in Alexandria, VA
Katie Schumaker
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC-R
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
I am Katie, a dedicated therapist who believes in the power of building trust and meaningful connections with my clients. My approach revolves around recognizing and nurturing the strengths of individuals, fostering collaboration, and practicing inclusion-based therapy to create a safe and supportive environment for all. In my practice, I prioritize establishing trust with my clients by creating a space where they feel heard, respected, and valued. By focusing on strengths and empowering individuals to recognize their capabilities, I aim to guide them towards personal growth and resilience.
I am Katie, a dedicated therapist who believes in the power of building trust and meaningful connections with my clients. My approach revolves around recognizing and nurturing the strengths of individuals, fostering collaboration, and practicing inclusion-based therapy to create a safe and supportive environment for all. In my practice, I prioritize establishing trust with my clients by creating a space where they feel heard, respected, and valued. By focusing on strengths and empowering individuals to recognize their capabilities, I aim to guide them towards personal growth and resilience.
(703) 783-3970 x1 View (703) 783-3970 x1
Photo of Gabriella Iskin, Pre-Licensed Professional in Alexandria, VA
Gabriella Iskin
Pre-Licensed Professional, PsyD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
If you find yourself seeking therapy, it could be due to changes in your daily life that are causing disruption or dissatisfaction. It may be a new stressor, unresolved difficulties from your past, or a desire to gain a deeper understanding of yourself. Engaging in therapy can be a healing and transformative process, paving the way to gain satisfaction in your life. Guided by compassion and trust, I take a collaborative and multicultural approach to create a safe space for this exploration.
If you find yourself seeking therapy, it could be due to changes in your daily life that are causing disruption or dissatisfaction. It may be a new stressor, unresolved difficulties from your past, or a desire to gain a deeper understanding of yourself. Engaging in therapy can be a healing and transformative process, paving the way to gain satisfaction in your life. Guided by compassion and trust, I take a collaborative and multicultural approach to create a safe space for this exploration.
(703) 382-5168 View (703) 382-5168
Photo of Natasha Kollaros, Pre-Licensed Professional in Alexandria, VA
Natasha Kollaros
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Change is hard. Transition is hard. Life is hard. It can take unexpected turns. Nonjudgmental support and guidance can make a difference. Does having the right support to help you navigate your stressors sound like a relief? Gaining tools and setting goals to move through this season can help lift your outlook and your mood. We can get stuck. We subscribe to others expectations. We can operate with a negative filter. We can compare ourselves to others. We deserve more, we are more and together we can obtain more. I look forward to helping you shine through this tough season.
Change is hard. Transition is hard. Life is hard. It can take unexpected turns. Nonjudgmental support and guidance can make a difference. Does having the right support to help you navigate your stressors sound like a relief? Gaining tools and setting goals to move through this season can help lift your outlook and your mood. We can get stuck. We subscribe to others expectations. We can operate with a negative filter. We can compare ourselves to others. We deserve more, we are more and together we can obtain more. I look forward to helping you shine through this tough season.
(571) 999-7062 View (571) 999-7062
Photo of Lynee Sparrow, Resident in Counseling in Alexandria, VA
Lynee Sparrow
Resident in Counseling, RIC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
As a dedicated and compassionate counselor, I bring a wealth of experience from my background as a School Counselor, Educator, and Training Specialist where I've had the privilege of supporting children, adolescents, adults, and families through various life transitions. In my therapeutic approach, I recognize that true change involves a holistic understanding of one's self and a connection between our mental, physical, and emotional health. My commitment is to create a therapeutic space where individuals feel seen, heard, and supported in their journey towards self-discovery and personal growth.
As a dedicated and compassionate counselor, I bring a wealth of experience from my background as a School Counselor, Educator, and Training Specialist where I've had the privilege of supporting children, adolescents, adults, and families through various life transitions. In my therapeutic approach, I recognize that true change involves a holistic understanding of one's self and a connection between our mental, physical, and emotional health. My commitment is to create a therapeutic space where individuals feel seen, heard, and supported in their journey towards self-discovery and personal growth.
(571) 616-9621 View (571) 616-9621
Photo of Brian R Mc Donald, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Brian R Mc Donald
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
I operate out of a deep sense of respect for each client. The answer to a person's problems ultimately lies within that person and I am here to help clients explore deeply those thoughts and feelings that may be contributing to a less that fulfilling life.
I operate out of a deep sense of respect for each client. The answer to a person's problems ultimately lies within that person and I am here to help clients explore deeply those thoughts and feelings that may be contributing to a less that fulfilling life.
(703) 468-8796 View (703) 468-8796
Photo of Rashida Latef, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Rashida Latef
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
Whether your process is delicate or vigorous, I facilitate a safe, client-centered, decolonial practice. My praxis is informed by being a psychotherapist, community organizer. and yoga teacher. I have extensive experience serving and affirming diverse communities, values, and needs on a range of topics from trauma, loss, life adjustments, relationships (including friendships and sisterhood), workplace belonging and equity, and institutional abuse. You will be challenged, and although your growing pains may be uncomfortable, you will not be alone, unsupported, or bored!
Whether your process is delicate or vigorous, I facilitate a safe, client-centered, decolonial practice. My praxis is informed by being a psychotherapist, community organizer. and yoga teacher. I have extensive experience serving and affirming diverse communities, values, and needs on a range of topics from trauma, loss, life adjustments, relationships (including friendships and sisterhood), workplace belonging and equity, and institutional abuse. You will be challenged, and although your growing pains may be uncomfortable, you will not be alone, unsupported, or bored!
(703) 215-2026 View (703) 215-2026
Photo of Brenda Rozier-Clark, Marriage & Family Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Brenda Rozier-Clark
Marriage & Family Therapist, Ed D, LMFT, LPC, Certifi
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
Relationships are difficult. And sometimes, you need help to repair and work your way back to greater happiness. I am a seasoned, caring professional who brings hope and healing to couples. My approach is compassionate - warm, supportive, and above all, non-judgmental.
Relationships are difficult. And sometimes, you need help to repair and work your way back to greater happiness. I am a seasoned, caring professional who brings hope and healing to couples. My approach is compassionate - warm, supportive, and above all, non-judgmental.
(571) 470-6754 View (571) 470-6754
Photo of Katherine Nguyen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Katherine Nguyen
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC, ATR-BC, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22304  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Maybe you want someone to support you through tough life events or maybe a difficult decision. Maybe you just want a place to process all the things. Whatever it is, my goal is to partner with people from all stages in life: People who are ready to make changes in their career and relationships. Burnt out caregivers second guessing themselves and feeling hopeless. Marginalized groups who have experienced grief, pain, and disenfranchised loss. Or simply those looking to return to therapy after some time away.
Maybe you want someone to support you through tough life events or maybe a difficult decision. Maybe you just want a place to process all the things. Whatever it is, my goal is to partner with people from all stages in life: People who are ready to make changes in their career and relationships. Burnt out caregivers second guessing themselves and feeling hopeless. Marginalized groups who have experienced grief, pain, and disenfranchised loss. Or simply those looking to return to therapy after some time away.
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Photo of Jill Harrington-Lamorie, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Jill Harrington-Lamorie
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22305  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Life can present us with many changes & transitions that can affect our mental, spiritual, social & physical well-being. Stress is one of the greatest contributors to poor health & quality of life. As we transition through life, we may face losses, such as relocation, infertility/pregnancy loss, identity loss​, losses associated with family/parenting/dating; illness/disabling conditions, job & life stress, mid-life issues & aging; challenges to increased feelings of grief, anxiety, & stress. The loss of a loved one is one of the most distressing life circumstances humans endure, and grief is our natural reaction to profound loss.
Life can present us with many changes & transitions that can affect our mental, spiritual, social & physical well-being. Stress is one of the greatest contributors to poor health & quality of life. As we transition through life, we may face losses, such as relocation, infertility/pregnancy loss, identity loss​, losses associated with family/parenting/dating; illness/disabling conditions, job & life stress, mid-life issues & aging; challenges to increased feelings of grief, anxiety, & stress. The loss of a loved one is one of the most distressing life circumstances humans endure, and grief is our natural reaction to profound loss.
(571) 202-6259 View (571) 202-6259
Photo of Stacie Kruzinski, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Stacie Kruzinski
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304
Hello, I'm Stacie. As a licensed clinical social worker, I bring extensive experience across various healthcare settings, including inpatient psychiatric facilities and outpatient psychiatric/substance use treatment centers. My focus lies in empowering individuals to discover their inner drive for transformation, fostering stress management techniques, and nurturing self-assurance. My counseling approach is characterized by authenticity, support, genuineness, kindness, compassion, and responsiveness.
Hello, I'm Stacie. As a licensed clinical social worker, I bring extensive experience across various healthcare settings, including inpatient psychiatric facilities and outpatient psychiatric/substance use treatment centers. My focus lies in empowering individuals to discover their inner drive for transformation, fostering stress management techniques, and nurturing self-assurance. My counseling approach is characterized by authenticity, support, genuineness, kindness, compassion, and responsiveness.
(856) 788-7288 x1 View (856) 788-7288 x1
Photo of Sarah Douglas, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Sarah Douglas
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
Living with a chronic illness can be isolating and undeniably difficult. There are physical, psychological, and social challenges that no person should have to endure alone. Tending to your mental health is an important step toward living a full and meaningful life despite the complexities of chronic conditions.
Living with a chronic illness can be isolating and undeniably difficult. There are physical, psychological, and social challenges that no person should have to endure alone. Tending to your mental health is an important step toward living a full and meaningful life despite the complexities of chronic conditions.
(703) 783-2148 View (703) 783-2148
Photo of James Rothrock, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
James Rothrock
Licensed Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
I've been helping people navigate challenges since 2010. Life is complicated, messy, and difficult to manage. It will always be that way. I don't make any promise of that going away; I would be lying if I did. What I do is help you navigate that messiness with clarity. My journey began at Liberty University, where I earned a bachelor's degree in history. History taught me the importance of in-depth background knowledge. I continued my education at Virginia Commonwealth University, earning a master's degree in rehabilitation counseling. Currently, I'm a Ph.D. candidate at Walden University.
I've been helping people navigate challenges since 2010. Life is complicated, messy, and difficult to manage. It will always be that way. I don't make any promise of that going away; I would be lying if I did. What I do is help you navigate that messiness with clarity. My journey began at Liberty University, where I earned a bachelor's degree in history. History taught me the importance of in-depth background knowledge. I continued my education at Virginia Commonwealth University, earning a master's degree in rehabilitation counseling. Currently, I'm a Ph.D. candidate at Walden University.
(571) 568-8474 View (571) 568-8474
Photo of Amy Lyn Wood, Psychologist in Alexandria, VA
Amy Lyn Wood
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22301
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, who enjoys working with individuals of various ages (5 & up). Assessment and therapy can be useful ways to better understand one's strengths/challenges at each developmental stage. Students today can face an array of struggles from lack of motivation to anxiety/perfectionism. School-age children may encounter difficulties with learning and self-regulation in the classroom. Adolescents are figuring out who they are, while navigating the ever-present world of social media in a safe, healthy way. Adults typically strive to function at their best in numerous realms, often feeling unsuccessful or overwhelmed.
I am a Licensed Clinical Psychologist, who enjoys working with individuals of various ages (5 & up). Assessment and therapy can be useful ways to better understand one's strengths/challenges at each developmental stage. Students today can face an array of struggles from lack of motivation to anxiety/perfectionism. School-age children may encounter difficulties with learning and self-regulation in the classroom. Adolescents are figuring out who they are, while navigating the ever-present world of social media in a safe, healthy way. Adults typically strive to function at their best in numerous realms, often feeling unsuccessful or overwhelmed.
(703) 596-3153 x117 View (703) 596-3153 x117
Photo of Asha Gray, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Asha Gray
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Have you felt out of sync, unable to communicate clearly, frustrated and wanting to try something different but unhappy with what you've tried? I enjoy helping folks learn new ways of communicating, finding new perspectives to barriers and working through individual or relationship struggles to have their needs and wants met. If you are having difficulty making it through your everyday, dealing with the stresses of life, or managing anxiety, depression or ADHD; I can help. I will help you learn new coping skills using your own personal strengths to assist you with enhancing your quality of life while building self-compassion.
Have you felt out of sync, unable to communicate clearly, frustrated and wanting to try something different but unhappy with what you've tried? I enjoy helping folks learn new ways of communicating, finding new perspectives to barriers and working through individual or relationship struggles to have their needs and wants met. If you are having difficulty making it through your everyday, dealing with the stresses of life, or managing anxiety, depression or ADHD; I can help. I will help you learn new coping skills using your own personal strengths to assist you with enhancing your quality of life while building self-compassion.
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Photo of Hye Joon Pak, Pre-Licensed Professional in Alexandria, VA
Hye Joon Pak
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPC-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Hye Joon is a Resident in Counseling at Healthy Minds Therapy providing individual counseling services in-person at the Alexandria location. Hye Joon also provides support virtually via telehealth. She graduated from Marymount University with an M.A. in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. During her graduate program, Hye Joon was selected as a 2022 HRSA (Health Resources and Services Association) fellow and completed her internship serving at-risk adolescents struggling with substance use.
Hye Joon is a Resident in Counseling at Healthy Minds Therapy providing individual counseling services in-person at the Alexandria location. Hye Joon also provides support virtually via telehealth. She graduated from Marymount University with an M.A. in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. During her graduate program, Hye Joon was selected as a 2022 HRSA (Health Resources and Services Association) fellow and completed her internship serving at-risk adolescents struggling with substance use.
(540) 845-6940 x1 View (540) 845-6940 x1
Photo of kmhardymindfulness.life, LLC, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Alexandria, VA
kmhardymindfulness.life, LLC
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC-S, LPC, LCPC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
At kmhardymindfulness.life,LLC our mission is to authentically and genuinely support our clients in their journey to creating balance, being intentional, and finding purpose. We are committed to providing counseling and life coaching services that empower individuals to live fulfilling and meaningful lives.
At kmhardymindfulness.life,LLC our mission is to authentically and genuinely support our clients in their journey to creating balance, being intentional, and finding purpose. We are committed to providing counseling and life coaching services that empower individuals to live fulfilling and meaningful lives.
(571) 207-9535 View (571) 207-9535
Photo of Anne Colby Wittenberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Anne Colby Wittenberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22302
EVENING TELEHEALTH HOURS/FREE CONSULTATION!! As a therapist, connecting with clients and walking with them through their journey of triumphs and challenges, I have found that the connection between counselor and client is paramount. I strive to meet my clients where they are, focusing on their strengths and empowering them to make the changes they see fit rather than prescribing issue or diagnosis. I value treating each individual client with the respect they deserve. Placing emphasis on developing a relationship that is based on warmth, trust, respect, and genuine care. The ease of conversation, is client driven and casual.
EVENING TELEHEALTH HOURS/FREE CONSULTATION!! As a therapist, connecting with clients and walking with them through their journey of triumphs and challenges, I have found that the connection between counselor and client is paramount. I strive to meet my clients where they are, focusing on their strengths and empowering them to make the changes they see fit rather than prescribing issue or diagnosis. I value treating each individual client with the respect they deserve. Placing emphasis on developing a relationship that is based on warmth, trust, respect, and genuine care. The ease of conversation, is client driven and casual.
(571) 999-7003 View (571) 999-7003
Photo of Hugh Pinnock, Marriage & Family Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Hugh Pinnock
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT-R
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
Some commonly believed myths about couples counseling are (1) it’s the first step to divorce or separation, (2) a partner is going to feel outnumbered and gained up on, and (3) it involves nothing but tears, sweat, and pain. I am passionate about helping couples heal and rebuild trust after experiencing hurt, neglect, or an affair. I am all about helping couples find their spark again developing habits and communication patterns that help connect them and feel understood by one another. Couples therapy can be fun! Humor lowers tensions and brings a sense of lightheartedness into therapy, reminding us all that we’re only human.
Some commonly believed myths about couples counseling are (1) it’s the first step to divorce or separation, (2) a partner is going to feel outnumbered and gained up on, and (3) it involves nothing but tears, sweat, and pain. I am passionate about helping couples heal and rebuild trust after experiencing hurt, neglect, or an affair. I am all about helping couples find their spark again developing habits and communication patterns that help connect them and feel understood by one another. Couples therapy can be fun! Humor lowers tensions and brings a sense of lightheartedness into therapy, reminding us all that we’re only human.
(703) 552-5397 View (703) 552-5397

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Alexandria, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Alexandria, VA who prioritize treating:

95% Anxiety
91% Depression
80% Self Esteem
76% Stress
75% Relationship Issues
74% Coping Skills
70% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% Cigna and Evernorth
62% Aetna

How Therapists in Alexandria, VA see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Alexandria?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.