Therapists in Sacramento, CA

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Photo of Rosalba Tercero, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Rosalba Tercero
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825  (Online Only)
Therapy is a collaborative process. We can work together to identify the deeper roots of your current symptoms and lifestyle choices and patterns. Solution-focused therapy can be effective and empowering. We have to trust the process.
Therapy is a collaborative process. We can work together to identify the deeper roots of your current symptoms and lifestyle choices and patterns. Solution-focused therapy can be effective and empowering. We have to trust the process.
(916) 915-0031 View (916) 915-0031
Photo of Ann Marie McKnight, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Ann Marie McKnight
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Are you in the midst of an overwhelming life circumstance or reeling from loss? Are you feeling alone, scared or uncertain about your ability to cope? You deserve support from someone who will help you develop the skills to move forward in your life! I have years of experience helping individuals, couples and families to feel less alone by providing them with a safe, sensitive and non-judgmental space to unload their burdens, reduce feelings of isolation, restore hope and increase their personal functioning. Visit www.lovehealgrow.com to schedule or learn more.
Are you in the midst of an overwhelming life circumstance or reeling from loss? Are you feeling alone, scared or uncertain about your ability to cope? You deserve support from someone who will help you develop the skills to move forward in your life! I have years of experience helping individuals, couples and families to feel less alone by providing them with a safe, sensitive and non-judgmental space to unload their burdens, reduce feelings of isolation, restore hope and increase their personal functioning. Visit www.lovehealgrow.com to schedule or learn more.
(530) 424-2063 View (530) 424-2063
Photo of Ray Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Ray Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95819  (Online Only)
I believe our mutual job is to work together to help you find the best ways of dealing effectively with your problem. Sometimes, although we may know the answers to our problems, we have never been taught the skills to implement that knowledge. Part of my job is to use my expertise and education to teach those skills. For example, we may realize we are being misunderstood by others and work hard to be understood, but no matter how hard we try, nothing changes. Teaching communication skills is one of my areas of expertise that may prove useful.
I believe our mutual job is to work together to help you find the best ways of dealing effectively with your problem. Sometimes, although we may know the answers to our problems, we have never been taught the skills to implement that knowledge. Part of my job is to use my expertise and education to teach those skills. For example, we may realize we are being misunderstood by others and work hard to be understood, but no matter how hard we try, nothing changes. Teaching communication skills is one of my areas of expertise that may prove useful.
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Photo of Ryan Crawford, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Ryan Crawford
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95826  (Online Only)
I have the most experience working with adults dealing with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, poor self-esteem, and coping with life transitions. I view my role as a therapist as walking alongside you to help you determine what is best for you. I use concepts of Positive Psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, and Supportive Therapy to support you in learning coping skills, increasing your self-esteem, and forming new patterns for a healthier and happier life.
I have the most experience working with adults dealing with depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, poor self-esteem, and coping with life transitions. I view my role as a therapist as walking alongside you to help you determine what is best for you. I use concepts of Positive Psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, Solution Focused Therapy, and Supportive Therapy to support you in learning coping skills, increasing your self-esteem, and forming new patterns for a healthier and happier life.
(424) 677-0407 View (424) 677-0407
Photo of Leti Arellano, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Leti Arellano
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
Are you a navigating life's complexities, seeking understanding and validation for your experiences? Do you often feel misunderstood ? If so, you've arrived at a place where your uniqueness is not just acknowledged but celebrated. My name is Dr. Leticia Arellano (she/her), and I specialize in providing psychological evaluations for individuals like you who are exploring the possibility of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other forms of neurodivergence.
Are you a navigating life's complexities, seeking understanding and validation for your experiences? Do you often feel misunderstood ? If so, you've arrived at a place where your uniqueness is not just acknowledged but celebrated. My name is Dr. Leticia Arellano (she/her), and I specialize in providing psychological evaluations for individuals like you who are exploring the possibility of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other forms of neurodivergence.
(530) 561-5399 View (530) 561-5399
Photo of Deborah Ramirez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Deborah Ramirez
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Not accepting new clients
Are you worried about changes in your child’s mood and behavior? Are you being told not to worry, but you are sure these changes are more than adolescence? Welcome and good for you, for trusting your parental instincts and seeking help for your child and family. I understand how overwhelming a parent feels in light of their child’s mental health challenges. Eating disorders, Depression, anxiety, and trauma can rob your child of joy and affect all areas of their life. I want you to know you do not have to try to manage this by yourself. It would be an honor to support your family and child on your path toward healing.
Are you worried about changes in your child’s mood and behavior? Are you being told not to worry, but you are sure these changes are more than adolescence? Welcome and good for you, for trusting your parental instincts and seeking help for your child and family. I understand how overwhelming a parent feels in light of their child’s mental health challenges. Eating disorders, Depression, anxiety, and trauma can rob your child of joy and affect all areas of their life. I want you to know you do not have to try to manage this by yourself. It would be an honor to support your family and child on your path toward healing.
(916) 866-7877 View (916) 866-7877
Photo of Catriona Macrae, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Catriona Macrae
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
I view the path of therapy as a gentle exploration of the fullness of emotional experience, opening to suffering and grief as well as appreciation of the joyful moments. I offer an attachment based, holistic, and humanistic approach to therapy, seeing you as a complex whole person with the innate capacity to heal. Guided by compassion, curiosity, connection and courage within the therapeutic relationship, I work from a trauma-sensitive perspective and it is my intention to create a safe space for all races and cultures. I am allied with LGBTQIA+ folks and come from a sex positive perspective.
I view the path of therapy as a gentle exploration of the fullness of emotional experience, opening to suffering and grief as well as appreciation of the joyful moments. I offer an attachment based, holistic, and humanistic approach to therapy, seeing you as a complex whole person with the innate capacity to heal. Guided by compassion, curiosity, connection and courage within the therapeutic relationship, I work from a trauma-sensitive perspective and it is my intention to create a safe space for all races and cultures. I am allied with LGBTQIA+ folks and come from a sex positive perspective.
(530) 322-8883 View (530) 322-8883
Photo of Kristina Boswell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Kristina Boswell
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Works with: adults, children, couples, autism, adoption and infertility, chronic pain and illness, and is trained in EMDR.
Works with: adults, children, couples, autism, adoption and infertility, chronic pain and illness, and is trained in EMDR.
(916) 313-2861 View (916) 313-2861
Photo of Heart Of The Matter Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Heart Of The Matter Counseling
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95831
Try as we might, sometimes happiness and contentment always seem just out of reach. Depression, anxiety and stress can make getting out of bed in the morning a daunting task. Troubles in your relationship or conflict in the family can make you feel helpless or overwhelmed. You don’t like yourself and never feel good enough at work or around certain people. Maybe you just can’t quite put your finger on exactly what is wrong, you just know you don’t want to hurt anymore. We want you to know that there is HOPE. Things can get better.
Try as we might, sometimes happiness and contentment always seem just out of reach. Depression, anxiety and stress can make getting out of bed in the morning a daunting task. Troubles in your relationship or conflict in the family can make you feel helpless or overwhelmed. You don’t like yourself and never feel good enough at work or around certain people. Maybe you just can’t quite put your finger on exactly what is wrong, you just know you don’t want to hurt anymore. We want you to know that there is HOPE. Things can get better.
(916) 656-0151 View (916) 656-0151
Photo of Anne Rose, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Anne Rose
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95831  (Online Only)
It can be a lonely and overwhelming feeling to realize that your life doesn't match who you were meant to be. I will help you identify the origin of your maladaptive coping skills, the effect early issues have on you in the present day, and help you learn new, healthy behaviors to live a better and more fulfilling life. I have over 18 years of experience working with individuals, couples and families dealing with dual diagnoses, trauma and PTSD, substance abuse, personality disorders, mood disorders and thought disorders.
It can be a lonely and overwhelming feeling to realize that your life doesn't match who you were meant to be. I will help you identify the origin of your maladaptive coping skills, the effect early issues have on you in the present day, and help you learn new, healthy behaviors to live a better and more fulfilling life. I have over 18 years of experience working with individuals, couples and families dealing with dual diagnoses, trauma and PTSD, substance abuse, personality disorders, mood disorders and thought disorders.
(323) 445-4295 View (323) 445-4295
Photo of Luana Coloma Cook, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Luana Coloma Cook
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
I work with children, adolescents, parents, couples, and families. I am warm, real, and collaborative. If you and/or your family members choose to work with me, I'll endeavor to create an environment that feels safe enough for you to take risks, be authentic and make lasting changes. We'll work together to explore the dynamics that may inadvertently by contributing to a problem cycle, so that you can feel empowered to act in more preferred ways of being.
I work with children, adolescents, parents, couples, and families. I am warm, real, and collaborative. If you and/or your family members choose to work with me, I'll endeavor to create an environment that feels safe enough for you to take risks, be authentic and make lasting changes. We'll work together to explore the dynamics that may inadvertently by contributing to a problem cycle, so that you can feel empowered to act in more preferred ways of being.
(510) 401-3798 View (510) 401-3798
Photo of Megan Negendank, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Megan Negendank
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CST
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
You want better emotional and physical intimacy. You've been feeling sad, disconnected and frustrated as you've been trying to work through your relationship issues yourself or with your partner. You feel stuck--you might be thinking "I love them so much, but why is this so hard?!" I help unfulfilled couples & stressed individuals create happy lives & thriving relationships. Free resources and information on how to get started is available at my website (www.lovehealgrow.com).
You want better emotional and physical intimacy. You've been feeling sad, disconnected and frustrated as you've been trying to work through your relationship issues yourself or with your partner. You feel stuck--you might be thinking "I love them so much, but why is this so hard?!" I help unfulfilled couples & stressed individuals create happy lives & thriving relationships. Free resources and information on how to get started is available at my website (www.lovehealgrow.com).
(916) 794-0894 View (916) 794-0894
Photo of Alanah L Johnson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Sacramento, CA
Alanah L Johnson
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95815  (Online Only)
Welcome! I am a Mental Health Clinician based in California. I am drawn toward helping clients overcome anxiety, depression, and trauma while supporting the individual toward healing. While on the journey, I aim to meet you where you are emotionally to work collaboratively with you. Seeking help can be overwhelming, and I plan to provide a safe and non-judgmental space to identify areas you would like to develop and learn new coping skills. I will provide guidance, support, and feedback in a safe, non-judgmental therapeutic space as we work together.
Welcome! I am a Mental Health Clinician based in California. I am drawn toward helping clients overcome anxiety, depression, and trauma while supporting the individual toward healing. While on the journey, I aim to meet you where you are emotionally to work collaboratively with you. Seeking help can be overwhelming, and I plan to provide a safe and non-judgmental space to identify areas you would like to develop and learn new coping skills. I will provide guidance, support, and feedback in a safe, non-judgmental therapeutic space as we work together.
(916) 588-9857 View (916) 588-9857
Photo of Sheetal Shah, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Sheetal Shah
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
My hope is that you leave therapy with a new sense of vitality, feeling empowered with a sense of congruency. I want you have an increased awareness and understanding about yourself and feel more interpersonally connected. I will strive to know who you are and how you see the world while we collaborate and work toward healing. We will focus on your emotional experience, honor your multiple identities, be in the moment, learn new skills, and help you "sit in the struggle." Therapy is a brave endeavor, and I will do my best to support this journey.
My hope is that you leave therapy with a new sense of vitality, feeling empowered with a sense of congruency. I want you have an increased awareness and understanding about yourself and feel more interpersonally connected. I will strive to know who you are and how you see the world while we collaborate and work toward healing. We will focus on your emotional experience, honor your multiple identities, be in the moment, learn new skills, and help you "sit in the struggle." Therapy is a brave endeavor, and I will do my best to support this journey.
(916) 526-3253 View (916) 526-3253
Photo of Kenneth Watkins, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Kenneth Watkins
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95829
Not accepting new clients
Happiness and success are universal goals. Unfortunately, with all the stress and pressure placed on young people today, many children and adolescents have trouble maintaining hope that these lifelong dreams are attainable. I have spent my time working with the youth and empowering them to gain the tools and strategies needed to self-actualize, unlock their potential, and overcome their circumstances. I have helped guide young athletes who are learning to navigate the educational, social, and emotional aspects of sports. I have supported children caught in the juvenile justice, group home, and foster care systems.
Happiness and success are universal goals. Unfortunately, with all the stress and pressure placed on young people today, many children and adolescents have trouble maintaining hope that these lifelong dreams are attainable. I have spent my time working with the youth and empowering them to gain the tools and strategies needed to self-actualize, unlock their potential, and overcome their circumstances. I have helped guide young athletes who are learning to navigate the educational, social, and emotional aspects of sports. I have supported children caught in the juvenile justice, group home, and foster care systems.
(916) 461-7745 View (916) 461-7745
Photo of Shacunda Rodgers, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Shacunda Rodgers
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95831
Not accepting new clients
Once we get caught in the middle of some kind of struggle, it can be difficult to find the way out. The strategies that we once used to cope don't work anymore, and we need a little help learning a new way. That's exactly what I'm here for. I firmly believe that no one should have to suffer alone, and I value the opportunity to walk with people through their challenges. What's even better is seeing people get to the other side of their pain, having gained a greater sense of empowerment during the journey.
Once we get caught in the middle of some kind of struggle, it can be difficult to find the way out. The strategies that we once used to cope don't work anymore, and we need a little help learning a new way. That's exactly what I'm here for. I firmly believe that no one should have to suffer alone, and I value the opportunity to walk with people through their challenges. What's even better is seeing people get to the other side of their pain, having gained a greater sense of empowerment during the journey.
(916) 756-3022 View (916) 756-3022
Photo of Matthew Heake, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Matthew Heake
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816  (Online Only)
Feeling stuck? Maybe you've tried it all, or maybe you're just now ready to begin. Always feeling like you're not "good enough" and as if anxiety runs your life? I want you to know you aren't alone, you truly are good enough, and together we can navigate and address the barriers that keep the life you desire seemingly just beyond your grasp. If you seek a safe space and understanding, you're in the right place. If genuine transformation is what you're after, our sessions are tailored to fit your needs. I specialize in trauma and anxiety therapy, utilizing the most effective interventions and my experience to help you heal.
Feeling stuck? Maybe you've tried it all, or maybe you're just now ready to begin. Always feeling like you're not "good enough" and as if anxiety runs your life? I want you to know you aren't alone, you truly are good enough, and together we can navigate and address the barriers that keep the life you desire seemingly just beyond your grasp. If you seek a safe space and understanding, you're in the right place. If genuine transformation is what you're after, our sessions are tailored to fit your needs. I specialize in trauma and anxiety therapy, utilizing the most effective interventions and my experience to help you heal.
(916) 246-0373 View (916) 246-0373
Photo of Katie Houston, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Katie Houston
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, BCBA
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95817
Waitlist for new clients
As an adolescent therapist, my goal is to help my clients identify their own growth opportunities, values, and needs. Living a life with purpose and connection to self can be challenging and fulfilling. I encourage my clients to learn tools, language, and thinking that will help them navigate their lives in a meaningful way. I have experience in working with children and adolescents who face challenges with anxiety, depression, neurodiversity, sexuality, identity, executive functioning, relationships, and life transitions. Let's be honest, being a teenager is difficult at times. It can make a difference to have someone to talk to.
As an adolescent therapist, my goal is to help my clients identify their own growth opportunities, values, and needs. Living a life with purpose and connection to self can be challenging and fulfilling. I encourage my clients to learn tools, language, and thinking that will help them navigate their lives in a meaningful way. I have experience in working with children and adolescents who face challenges with anxiety, depression, neurodiversity, sexuality, identity, executive functioning, relationships, and life transitions. Let's be honest, being a teenager is difficult at times. It can make a difference to have someone to talk to.
(916) 526-3843 View (916) 526-3843
Photo of Ashley Barnes, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Ashley Barnes
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MS, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
I'm a relationship, sex and trauma therapist specializing in supporting folks who feel like they'll never live up to expectations; no matter what you do it feels like you aren't enough. My clients come to me telling me that they're always striving for more and not able to enjoy their life and relationships. Navigating a stressful work life or having lots of anxiety in your relationship? I’ll provide you with some helpful tools to cope. Just need a place to cry it out sometimes or vent about the ridiculous choices of a friend or family member? That’s welcome here too. Read more or schedule online at www.lovehealgrow.com.
I'm a relationship, sex and trauma therapist specializing in supporting folks who feel like they'll never live up to expectations; no matter what you do it feels like you aren't enough. My clients come to me telling me that they're always striving for more and not able to enjoy their life and relationships. Navigating a stressful work life or having lots of anxiety in your relationship? I’ll provide you with some helpful tools to cope. Just need a place to cry it out sometimes or vent about the ridiculous choices of a friend or family member? That’s welcome here too. Read more or schedule online at www.lovehealgrow.com.
(530) 444-6427 View (530) 444-6427
Photo of Sally A Martin, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Sacramento, CA
Sally A Martin
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, MA, LPCC
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95831  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
No Availability for new PT clients currently-if you are experiencing a mental health emergency call 911 or the 24 hour Suicide Prevention Line: 1-800-272-8255 or text 838255. If you are in need of more intensive services call Sacramento Mental Health Team (916) 875-1055. Do you have mild to moderate symptoms associated with: Anxiety, Depression, Self-Esteem, or Trauma? Goals of: increasing positive thoughts, learning conflict resolution, communication, or boundary assertion skills? I practice evidenced-backed ways to manage stress and cope with stressors/triggers? I support transgender/gender non-conforming clients.
No Availability for new PT clients currently-if you are experiencing a mental health emergency call 911 or the 24 hour Suicide Prevention Line: 1-800-272-8255 or text 838255. If you are in need of more intensive services call Sacramento Mental Health Team (916) 875-1055. Do you have mild to moderate symptoms associated with: Anxiety, Depression, Self-Esteem, or Trauma? Goals of: increasing positive thoughts, learning conflict resolution, communication, or boundary assertion skills? I practice evidenced-backed ways to manage stress and cope with stressors/triggers? I support transgender/gender non-conforming clients.
(916) 237-9468 View (916) 237-9468

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sacramento, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Sacramento, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

68% Aetna
63% Cigna and Evernorth
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Sacramento, CA see their clients

68% In Person and Online
32% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sacramento?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.