Therapists in Bozeman, MT

Photo of Sarah Webb, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bozeman, MT
Sarah Webb
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bozeman, MT 59718
Are you tired of feeling burned out, disconnected, and overwhelmed? You want to feel authentic in yourself and life with more ease and less emotional turmoil. You're ready to feel connected in your relationships and fulfilled by work, family, and life. Women often lack support, resulting in hyper functionality and dependence on unhealthy coping skills or relationships. As matriarch of Illuminate Counseling group, I have gathered a collective of expert therapists trained in mind-body and relational strategies to help you resolve stuck places and connect to the deep wisdom and joy necessary to navigate life, work and relationships.
Are you tired of feeling burned out, disconnected, and overwhelmed? You want to feel authentic in yourself and life with more ease and less emotional turmoil. You're ready to feel connected in your relationships and fulfilled by work, family, and life. Women often lack support, resulting in hyper functionality and dependence on unhealthy coping skills or relationships. As matriarch of Illuminate Counseling group, I have gathered a collective of expert therapists trained in mind-body and relational strategies to help you resolve stuck places and connect to the deep wisdom and joy necessary to navigate life, work and relationships.
(406) 578-1535 View (406) 578-1535
Photo of Anne Elizabeth Riemer, Counselor in Bozeman, MT
Anne Elizabeth Riemer
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Bozeman, MT 59715
I am truly passionate about my work as a counselor, and feel I offer a unique approach. I graduated from Naropa University. I have been working in the field of mental health for 20 years. My approach is client centered, focusing in transpersonal psychology, where I view each person as having the capacity and desire for personal growth and change. I see myself as a facilitator who assists clients in discovering their own truth and healing processes. I also have training in meditation and working with the unconscious mind through art therapy such as sand tray creation and dream therapy.
I am truly passionate about my work as a counselor, and feel I offer a unique approach. I graduated from Naropa University. I have been working in the field of mental health for 20 years. My approach is client centered, focusing in transpersonal psychology, where I view each person as having the capacity and desire for personal growth and change. I see myself as a facilitator who assists clients in discovering their own truth and healing processes. I also have training in meditation and working with the unconscious mind through art therapy such as sand tray creation and dream therapy.
(406) 318-6684 View (406) 318-6684
Photo of Ellerey Jorgensen, Licensed Professional Counselor in Bozeman, MT
Ellerey Jorgensen
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bozeman, MT 59715
Waitlist for new clients
Accepting new clients in 2024! - Counseling is the practice of self-reflection and exploration in which people examine their sense of self and how they interact with the world. Using a wellness approach, I assist clients in practicing reflection in all areas of life. Each client requires unique treatment, so I strive to shape my counseling style to compliment a client’s change process. Depending on the type of counseling provided, I use evidence-based research theories, models, and techniques to assist in personal reflection and growth for individuals, families, and children.
Accepting new clients in 2024! - Counseling is the practice of self-reflection and exploration in which people examine their sense of self and how they interact with the world. Using a wellness approach, I assist clients in practicing reflection in all areas of life. Each client requires unique treatment, so I strive to shape my counseling style to compliment a client’s change process. Depending on the type of counseling provided, I use evidence-based research theories, models, and techniques to assist in personal reflection and growth for individuals, families, and children.
(406) 430-2961 View (406) 430-2961
Photo of Mackenzie Fulleton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bozeman, MT
Mackenzie Fulleton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, SWLC
Verified Verified
Bozeman, MT 59718
Accepting in person individual sessions! I work with individuals who are seeking assistance in healing recent or past trauma, anxiety/depression, life transitions, interpersonal/domestic violence, and women who are experiencing pregnancy or postpartum. I use evidence-based modalities such as EMDR, psychodynamic therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), parts work, solution focused brief therapy (SFBT), and motivational interviewing through an attachment based lens.
Accepting in person individual sessions! I work with individuals who are seeking assistance in healing recent or past trauma, anxiety/depression, life transitions, interpersonal/domestic violence, and women who are experiencing pregnancy or postpartum. I use evidence-based modalities such as EMDR, psychodynamic therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), parts work, solution focused brief therapy (SFBT), and motivational interviewing through an attachment based lens.
(406) 505-7617 View (406) 505-7617
Photo of Yellowstone Counseling & Equine Therapy, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bozeman, MT
Yellowstone Counseling & Equine Therapy, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bozeman, MT 59715
New Client Availability! We are a group practice who specializes in working with teens, college age, and adults who are looking for a place to work through difficulties with experienced professionals. We aim to empower clients to take charge of overcoming mental health issues and offer practical techniques to see and feel change quickly.
New Client Availability! We are a group practice who specializes in working with teens, college age, and adults who are looking for a place to work through difficulties with experienced professionals. We aim to empower clients to take charge of overcoming mental health issues and offer practical techniques to see and feel change quickly.
(406) 559-3193 View (406) 559-3193
Photo of Jennifer Goldman, Counselor in Bozeman, MT
Jennifer Goldman
Counselor, MA, MS, LCPC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Bozeman, MT 59715
After more than a decade of working with individuals and families, I find most people walking through my door simply want to be happier and have more love in their lives. For those new to therapy, know that together we will explore the changes you are looking for in your life. Therapy is a collaborative effort and you are driving the process. While we cannot change what has happened in our past, we can intentionally take steps toward creating a more meaningful and satisfying present. We can transform pain into wisdom. My role is to support you in traveling your unique path through that transformation.
After more than a decade of working with individuals and families, I find most people walking through my door simply want to be happier and have more love in their lives. For those new to therapy, know that together we will explore the changes you are looking for in your life. Therapy is a collaborative effort and you are driving the process. While we cannot change what has happened in our past, we can intentionally take steps toward creating a more meaningful and satisfying present. We can transform pain into wisdom. My role is to support you in traveling your unique path through that transformation.
(406) 558-4785 View (406) 558-4785
Photo of Natalie Koziarski, Pre-Licensed Professional in Bozeman, MT
Natalie Koziarski
Pre-Licensed Professional, SWLC
Verified Verified
Bozeman, MT 59715
I am a Social Worker License Candidate with a Master of Social Work degree from NC State University. I support clients from all backgrounds in learning their worth, empowering their voices, and strengthening their relationships. I am here to challenge the stigma that feelings equal weakness with the intention of reducing shame in seeking mental health treatment. I’m a proud member of the LGBTQA+ community and practice gender-affirming care with a feminist lens. Throughout my undergraduate degree in social work, I became passionate about advocacy for abused and neglected children and completed an internship with GAL/CASA.
I am a Social Worker License Candidate with a Master of Social Work degree from NC State University. I support clients from all backgrounds in learning their worth, empowering their voices, and strengthening their relationships. I am here to challenge the stigma that feelings equal weakness with the intention of reducing shame in seeking mental health treatment. I’m a proud member of the LGBTQA+ community and practice gender-affirming care with a feminist lens. Throughout my undergraduate degree in social work, I became passionate about advocacy for abused and neglected children and completed an internship with GAL/CASA.
(406) 637-6376 View (406) 637-6376
Photo of Vivienne Riseley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bozeman, MT
Vivienne Riseley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bozeman, MT 59715
The most important part of therapy is that you connect/feel safe with your therapist, and finding that therapist can be difficult, especially right now. Call or send me an email to arrange a free consultation and lets see if we think we're a good fit. Trust yourself, ask questions, you've come this far, you will find someone that seems right for you. Life is hard at the moment and you're probably ready for something to change, but what? I advocate for fierce joy, tolerating uncertainty and loss, digging deep, genuine relationships, holding ourselves accountable, playing to strengths, & being compassionate about our challenges.
The most important part of therapy is that you connect/feel safe with your therapist, and finding that therapist can be difficult, especially right now. Call or send me an email to arrange a free consultation and lets see if we think we're a good fit. Trust yourself, ask questions, you've come this far, you will find someone that seems right for you. Life is hard at the moment and you're probably ready for something to change, but what? I advocate for fierce joy, tolerating uncertainty and loss, digging deep, genuine relationships, holding ourselves accountable, playing to strengths, & being compassionate about our challenges.
(406) 282-3055 View (406) 282-3055
Photo of Warren Vaughan, Counselor in Bozeman, MT
Warren Vaughan
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Bozeman, MT 59715
Waitlist for new clients
I work primarily with adults and older teens struggling with anxiety, depression, eating disorders, grief, trauma, life transitions, and just trying to understand and make sense of their lives. I have experience working in eating disorder treatment as well as college counseling. While I am guided by a variety of approaches, including psychodynamic, attachment, existential, and mindfulness theories, the heart of my work is the attitude that healing comes through connection and that we move through difficult times by learning to continually open up to experience.
I work primarily with adults and older teens struggling with anxiety, depression, eating disorders, grief, trauma, life transitions, and just trying to understand and make sense of their lives. I have experience working in eating disorder treatment as well as college counseling. While I am guided by a variety of approaches, including psychodynamic, attachment, existential, and mindfulness theories, the heart of my work is the attitude that healing comes through connection and that we move through difficult times by learning to continually open up to experience.
(406) 282-8271 View (406) 282-8271
Photo of Jenny C McCune, Counselor in Bozeman, MT
Jenny C McCune
Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Bozeman, MT 59715
My ideal client is someone who wants to work on their issues. It’s not necessarily with someone who is without concerns about counseling, but someone who feels stuck. It may even be someone who has a sense about how to move forward, but wants some companionship on the road of change. I successfully deal with a physical disability so I often work with people who feel they can’t find a way to overcome their challenges whether it is mental illness, problems coping, physical disability or chronic illness. Generally I help people succeed in getting their lives back or who simply need some help moving forward.
My ideal client is someone who wants to work on their issues. It’s not necessarily with someone who is without concerns about counseling, but someone who feels stuck. It may even be someone who has a sense about how to move forward, but wants some companionship on the road of change. I successfully deal with a physical disability so I often work with people who feel they can’t find a way to overcome their challenges whether it is mental illness, problems coping, physical disability or chronic illness. Generally I help people succeed in getting their lives back or who simply need some help moving forward.
(406) 412-3473 View (406) 412-3473
Photo of Molly Nelson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Bozeman, MT
Molly Nelson
Pre-Licensed Professional, SWLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bozeman, MT 59715
I am a social worker who utilizes a collaborative, client centered approach when working with individuals and couples. My therapeutic background includes helping clients develop tools to manage their symptoms of anxiety, depression, mental health crises, relationship difficulties, and life transitions. I am passionate about helping clients enhance their interpersonal relationships through developing a non-judgmental awareness, and a deepened understanding of their behavioral patterns. I believe everyone contains unique strengths and skills to overcome life’s challenges.
I am a social worker who utilizes a collaborative, client centered approach when working with individuals and couples. My therapeutic background includes helping clients develop tools to manage their symptoms of anxiety, depression, mental health crises, relationship difficulties, and life transitions. I am passionate about helping clients enhance their interpersonal relationships through developing a non-judgmental awareness, and a deepened understanding of their behavioral patterns. I believe everyone contains unique strengths and skills to overcome life’s challenges.
(406) 350-7845 View (406) 350-7845
Photo of Providence Mental Health, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bozeman, MT
Providence Mental Health
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bozeman, MT 59715
Providence reimagines what traditional therapy looks like for individuals and families. By meeting clients where they are comfortable; be it a local park, fishing, for coffee, via telehealth, taking a walk, or even at the schools, Providence clinicians eliminate some of the barriers to therapy that many clients face. This approach supports individuals in developing new skills for managing emotions, reinforces existing strengths, builds self-confidence, and fosters healthier connections in relationships.
Providence reimagines what traditional therapy looks like for individuals and families. By meeting clients where they are comfortable; be it a local park, fishing, for coffee, via telehealth, taking a walk, or even at the schools, Providence clinicians eliminate some of the barriers to therapy that many clients face. This approach supports individuals in developing new skills for managing emotions, reinforces existing strengths, builds self-confidence, and fosters healthier connections in relationships.
(406) 645-4472 View (406) 645-4472
Photo of Parker Battista, Counselor in Bozeman, MT
Parker Battista
Counselor, LCPC , LPC
Verified Verified
Bozeman, MT 59715  (Online Only)
Everyone experiences hardships in life. Using evidence based practices, I work with clients from all walks of life. My goals often include helping clients heal wounds, make sense of relationships, increase their peace and confidence, reduce anxiety and depression, and improve their overall quality of life. Whatever you’re experiencing, you’re not alone and it would be an honor to walk with you through this. I believe counseling is an effective means for many people to take charge of what they can change, accept what they cannot, and live with more intentionality and less reactivity.
Everyone experiences hardships in life. Using evidence based practices, I work with clients from all walks of life. My goals often include helping clients heal wounds, make sense of relationships, increase their peace and confidence, reduce anxiety and depression, and improve their overall quality of life. Whatever you’re experiencing, you’re not alone and it would be an honor to walk with you through this. I believe counseling is an effective means for many people to take charge of what they can change, accept what they cannot, and live with more intentionality and less reactivity.
(406) 420-6759 View (406) 420-6759
Photo of Bryan Brucks LAC, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Bozeman, MT
Bryan Brucks LAC
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MA, LAC
Verified Verified
Bozeman, MT 59718
I previously worked in an inpatient addiction treatment facility in Minnesota for twelve years. Over those twelve years I worked with hundreds of clients. I work closely with clients to help them achieve their goals and make a better life for themselves and their families.
I previously worked in an inpatient addiction treatment facility in Minnesota for twelve years. Over those twelve years I worked with hundreds of clients. I work closely with clients to help them achieve their goals and make a better life for themselves and their families.
(406) 964-6196 View (406) 964-6196
Photo of Lauren Boland, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bozeman, MT
Lauren Boland
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bozeman, MT 59718
Waitlist for new clients
Seeking support is an important step in the brave process of self-reflection, discovery, and change. Exploring within a therapeutic relationship, you can find clarity and strength in support of the transformation you desire. I provide a safe space and nurturing connection for you to explore experiences and relationships, identify stressors and negative patterns, define healthy boundaries and goals, and cultivate personal and powerful meaning to alleviate the pain, numbness, exhaustion and confusion you are experiencing.
Seeking support is an important step in the brave process of self-reflection, discovery, and change. Exploring within a therapeutic relationship, you can find clarity and strength in support of the transformation you desire. I provide a safe space and nurturing connection for you to explore experiences and relationships, identify stressors and negative patterns, define healthy boundaries and goals, and cultivate personal and powerful meaning to alleviate the pain, numbness, exhaustion and confusion you are experiencing.
(406) 412-3393 View (406) 412-3393
Photo of Courtney Markowitz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bozeman, MT
Courtney Markowitz
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bozeman, MT 59718  (Online Only)
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist who specializes in working with individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, and trauma that leads to difficulties with regulating emotions. I support clients who experience overwhelming anxiety that leads to behaviors like shutting down, self injurious behaviors and withdrawal from social situations. The clients I work with are willing to unpack childhood and the unconscious to increase self awareness and help them make sense of their current behaviors. I also work with couples who struggle with communication that leads to discontentment in their relationships.
I am a licensed marriage and family therapist who specializes in working with individuals experiencing depression, anxiety, and trauma that leads to difficulties with regulating emotions. I support clients who experience overwhelming anxiety that leads to behaviors like shutting down, self injurious behaviors and withdrawal from social situations. The clients I work with are willing to unpack childhood and the unconscious to increase self awareness and help them make sense of their current behaviors. I also work with couples who struggle with communication that leads to discontentment in their relationships.
(406) 298-4051 View (406) 298-4051
Photo of John D Wimberly, Psychologist in Bozeman, MT
John D Wimberly
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bozeman, MT 59718
I have been practicing psychotherapy for over 28 years. My experience allows me to work in deeper ways that help my clients to make meaningful and often dramatic changes in the way that they feel about themselves. These internal changes often lead to exciting and fulfilling external changes (i.e. relationships, increased meaningfulness in one's life, aliveness). When clients have feelings of depression, anxiety, stress, overwhelm, or lack of connection - I work with them in ways that help them to uncover and heal the parts of themselves that may have them stuck. My clients often report that our work is unlike previous therapy.
I have been practicing psychotherapy for over 28 years. My experience allows me to work in deeper ways that help my clients to make meaningful and often dramatic changes in the way that they feel about themselves. These internal changes often lead to exciting and fulfilling external changes (i.e. relationships, increased meaningfulness in one's life, aliveness). When clients have feelings of depression, anxiety, stress, overwhelm, or lack of connection - I work with them in ways that help them to uncover and heal the parts of themselves that may have them stuck. My clients often report that our work is unlike previous therapy.
(406) 204-4085 View (406) 204-4085
Photo of Rachel Brown, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bozeman, MT
Rachel Brown
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, SWLC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bozeman, MT 59718
I consider my greatest therapeutic focus to be trauma-informed work. I practice a holistic and integrative approach that incorporates emotion-focused and attachment-based perspectives and is client-centered and based in relationship. My areas of expertise include working with individuals and families, and teens and young adults, as well as anyone interested in exploring and addressing the challenges and successes of being a human in this world.
I consider my greatest therapeutic focus to be trauma-informed work. I practice a holistic and integrative approach that incorporates emotion-focused and attachment-based perspectives and is client-centered and based in relationship. My areas of expertise include working with individuals and families, and teens and young adults, as well as anyone interested in exploring and addressing the challenges and successes of being a human in this world.
(406) 630-6976 View (406) 630-6976
Photo of Stephanie LaMarr, Counselor in Bozeman, MT
Stephanie LaMarr
Counselor, LCPC, LAC, RN MSN
Verified Verified
Bozeman, MT 59715  (Online Only)
My counseling practice focuses on making sense of anxiety, addiction, OCD, and the origins and consequences of trauma. Many of the clients with whom I work are adept at masking painful emotions, or they cope with stress in unhealthy ways. I treat individual adults from all walks of life. In addition, I work with military personnel, first responders, and others whose jobs require managing emergencies. Regardless of one's background, talking about problems with an objective outsider in a safe, welcoming, confidential setting can ease the pain and increase well-being.
My counseling practice focuses on making sense of anxiety, addiction, OCD, and the origins and consequences of trauma. Many of the clients with whom I work are adept at masking painful emotions, or they cope with stress in unhealthy ways. I treat individual adults from all walks of life. In addition, I work with military personnel, first responders, and others whose jobs require managing emergencies. Regardless of one's background, talking about problems with an objective outsider in a safe, welcoming, confidential setting can ease the pain and increase well-being.
(406) 643-7396 View (406) 643-7396
Photo of George Faegre, Pre-Licensed Professional in Bozeman, MT
George Faegre
Pre-Licensed Professional, PCLC, NCC
Verified Verified
Bozeman, MT 59715
I enjoy working with adolescents, couples, and adults. I believe everyone has beauty and wonder within themselves. Sometimes these aspects of a person are buried by the complexities of life; trauma, relationship ruptures, and experiences of suffering, can make it difficult to bring love for yourself and others forward.
I enjoy working with adolescents, couples, and adults. I believe everyone has beauty and wonder within themselves. Sometimes these aspects of a person are buried by the complexities of life; trauma, relationship ruptures, and experiences of suffering, can make it difficult to bring love for yourself and others forward.
(406) 203-0629 View (406) 203-0629

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bozeman, MT

400+

Average cost per session

$165

Therapists in Bozeman, MT who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
81% Self Esteem
79% Relationship Issues
76% Trauma and PTSD
71% Coping Skills
71% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

97% BlueCross and BlueShield
82% PacificSource
82% Allegiance

How Therapists in Bozeman, MT see their clients

82% In Person and Online
18% Online Only

Gender breakdown

82% Female
17% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bozeman?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.