Therapists in Sacramento, CA

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Photo of Dr. Marjan Soltani, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Dr. Marjan Soltani
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95843  (Online Only)
I am an Iranian-American women, with the goal to help you face daily life challenges. I believe humans are fascinating and learning about how our brain works with our body based on different life experiences creates the person we are today. While I do intend to work with families, I am focused primarily on helping adults, including those who suffer from mental disorders. My goal is to help individuals understand themselves better and improve their quality of life. I speak also Farsi fluently and have understanding of being a Middle Eastern women Living in today's society.
I am an Iranian-American women, with the goal to help you face daily life challenges. I believe humans are fascinating and learning about how our brain works with our body based on different life experiences creates the person we are today. While I do intend to work with families, I am focused primarily on helping adults, including those who suffer from mental disorders. My goal is to help individuals understand themselves better and improve their quality of life. I speak also Farsi fluently and have understanding of being a Middle Eastern women Living in today's society.
(916) 884-6478 View (916) 884-6478
Photo of Aubrey-Pierre Keys, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Aubrey-Pierre Keys
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95821
I have a number of treatment modalities to address diverse patient treatment. In addition, I have worked with clinical depression both moderate and severe over the last 12 years. Also, grief has been a difficult process for patients who loss a love one both deceased and divorced that I have treated in both traumatic and non traumatic cases. I also have a speciality with those who are dealing with difficult oartner relationships. (i.e. blended famillies, reactionary communication that deteriiorate the couple relationship, remarriage and divorce mediation) I also provide medication monitoring for patients taking psychotropic meds.
I have a number of treatment modalities to address diverse patient treatment. In addition, I have worked with clinical depression both moderate and severe over the last 12 years. Also, grief has been a difficult process for patients who loss a love one both deceased and divorced that I have treated in both traumatic and non traumatic cases. I also have a speciality with those who are dealing with difficult oartner relationships. (i.e. blended famillies, reactionary communication that deteriiorate the couple relationship, remarriage and divorce mediation) I also provide medication monitoring for patients taking psychotropic meds.
(916) 510-0729 View (916) 510-0729
Photo of Candace Henrikson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Candace Henrikson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
I offer a therapeutic experience that aligns with core values. I am passionate about working with teens, adult individuals and families who are motivated to address pain that may be dictating their lives and sense of self. I want to help you work through that pain together to reveal strengths, values and inner wisdom that can empower you to feel that your best self is dictating your life instead of the problem saturated one.
I offer a therapeutic experience that aligns with core values. I am passionate about working with teens, adult individuals and families who are motivated to address pain that may be dictating their lives and sense of self. I want to help you work through that pain together to reveal strengths, values and inner wisdom that can empower you to feel that your best self is dictating your life instead of the problem saturated one.
(916) 378-1433 View (916) 378-1433
Photo of Chelsea Mackey, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Chelsea Mackey
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Hi there! Welcome to one more step in your search for the life you want. Therapy is one way to increase joy, be reminded of whats wonderful about yourself, and overcome the barriers that have blocked you in the past. It also gives you the tools to continue that process. Collaboratively we strengthen your sense of worth so that you have the energy and motivation to work toward your personal goals. Increasing self-compassion and awareness frees an individual from the habits or ruts we all tend to dip into in life.
Hi there! Welcome to one more step in your search for the life you want. Therapy is one way to increase joy, be reminded of whats wonderful about yourself, and overcome the barriers that have blocked you in the past. It also gives you the tools to continue that process. Collaboratively we strengthen your sense of worth so that you have the energy and motivation to work toward your personal goals. Increasing self-compassion and awareness frees an individual from the habits or ruts we all tend to dip into in life.
(916) 507-1615 View (916) 507-1615
Photo of Rebecca Shepherd, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Rebecca Shepherd
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Do you want to experience life with less burdensome patterns getting in the way, meet challenges with less anxiety, and heal from limiting self-criticism and shame? I will help you meet all of the parts of yourself with reverence and compassion as we tend to the wounds that are ready for healing.
Do you want to experience life with less burdensome patterns getting in the way, meet challenges with less anxiety, and heal from limiting self-criticism and shame? I will help you meet all of the parts of yourself with reverence and compassion as we tend to the wounds that are ready for healing.
(916) 249-1805 View (916) 249-1805
Robin Zasio
Psychologist, PsyD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95827
The Anxiety Treatment Center is located in Sacramento, California and specializes in treating anxiety and related disorders. We provide individualized treatment plans recognizing that symptoms can vary from person to person, and also in the intensity, and impact on one’s life. We believe in an integrative approach looking at the role of biological, medical, psychological and social aspects of these disorders. We provide exceptionally knowledgeable and experienced staff who are compassionate and sensitive to each individuals needs, offering treatment services to children, adolescents, and adults.
The Anxiety Treatment Center is located in Sacramento, California and specializes in treating anxiety and related disorders. We provide individualized treatment plans recognizing that symptoms can vary from person to person, and also in the intensity, and impact on one’s life. We believe in an integrative approach looking at the role of biological, medical, psychological and social aspects of these disorders. We provide exceptionally knowledgeable and experienced staff who are compassionate and sensitive to each individuals needs, offering treatment services to children, adolescents, and adults.
(916) 619-4785 View (916) 619-4785
Photo of Francine Farrell, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Francine Farrell
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CADC-II, ICADC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95821
I love working with individuals and couples to help them achieve a more satisfying life and more intimate relationships. I believe in providing a safe, supportive environment while giving you honest and helpful feedback. Meaningful change begins by trying something new. If you want to make a change in your life or your relationship, I believe you can. Call me personally to discuss your situation.
I love working with individuals and couples to help them achieve a more satisfying life and more intimate relationships. I believe in providing a safe, supportive environment while giving you honest and helpful feedback. Meaningful change begins by trying something new. If you want to make a change in your life or your relationship, I believe you can. Call me personally to discuss your situation.
(916) 520-6224 View (916) 520-6224
Photo of Kelly Pemberton, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Kelly Pemberton
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, MA, LMFT, LEP
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95819  (Online Only)
You are committed to feeling better, you've tried everything, but still you feel lost in the pain. You've always been able to "fix" things in your life, why not this? This time, you feel stuck. Maybe you feel gripped by anxiety or panic. Maybe you feel consumed by grief from trauma or loss of a person, pet, or life dream. Maybe you're finding yourself in new life circumstances (a significant health challenge, life milestone, career or relationship change) and wonder "who am I now"? Life has a way of challenging us. There is a way through.
You are committed to feeling better, you've tried everything, but still you feel lost in the pain. You've always been able to "fix" things in your life, why not this? This time, you feel stuck. Maybe you feel gripped by anxiety or panic. Maybe you feel consumed by grief from trauma or loss of a person, pet, or life dream. Maybe you're finding yourself in new life circumstances (a significant health challenge, life milestone, career or relationship change) and wonder "who am I now"? Life has a way of challenging us. There is a way through.
(916) 432-2011 View (916) 432-2011
Photo of Cheri Mood, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Cheri Mood
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
Waitlist for new clients
Whether you're struggling with relationship issues, or feelings of depression and anxiety, psychotherapy can be an invaluable tool on your journey to personal growth. Therapy provides a safe environment to heal from unresolved past issues or deal with current life stressors. My hope is to help you gain more insight, improve your mental health, and live a more meaningful life.
Whether you're struggling with relationship issues, or feelings of depression and anxiety, psychotherapy can be an invaluable tool on your journey to personal growth. Therapy provides a safe environment to heal from unresolved past issues or deal with current life stressors. My hope is to help you gain more insight, improve your mental health, and live a more meaningful life.
(916) 467-8789 View (916) 467-8789
Photo of Katya Mills, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Katya Mills
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
Katya (she/they) is a therapist with over 15 years of experience. She graduated from JFK University with a MA in Holistic Counseling Psychology. She believes healing is a creative endeavor unique to each and every one. Life is an adventure with its ups and downs, and the adversaries we face come from within (anxiety, confusion, depression, fear) and without (circumstances, stigma, relationships, trauma). Sometimes we feel small, helpless and hopeless against them. Katya's intention is to develop a healthy alliance with you, and empower you to defeat your adversaries and reach your highest aspirations.
Katya (she/they) is a therapist with over 15 years of experience. She graduated from JFK University with a MA in Holistic Counseling Psychology. She believes healing is a creative endeavor unique to each and every one. Life is an adventure with its ups and downs, and the adversaries we face come from within (anxiety, confusion, depression, fear) and without (circumstances, stigma, relationships, trauma). Sometimes we feel small, helpless and hopeless against them. Katya's intention is to develop a healthy alliance with you, and empower you to defeat your adversaries and reach your highest aspirations.
(916) 702-7354 View (916) 702-7354
Photo of Healing Pathways Psychological Services Inc, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Healing Pathways Psychological Services Inc
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95818
As a group, we have served in Sacramento since 2007, offering various counseling services, groups, classes, and workshops. We practice from an ecosystemic perspective, an interconnected whole. As individuals living in the wider world we must interact with each other, attending to the health of our inner life and the health of our personal and public relationships. We must learn how to balance inner and outer peace with inner and outer freedom. As an ecosystem we function as a unit of very dynamic and complex symbiotic relationships. Our health depends on ensuring balance within ourselves and balance in our communities.
As a group, we have served in Sacramento since 2007, offering various counseling services, groups, classes, and workshops. We practice from an ecosystemic perspective, an interconnected whole. As individuals living in the wider world we must interact with each other, attending to the health of our inner life and the health of our personal and public relationships. We must learn how to balance inner and outer peace with inner and outer freedom. As an ecosystem we function as a unit of very dynamic and complex symbiotic relationships. Our health depends on ensuring balance within ourselves and balance in our communities.
(916) 794-8436 View (916) 794-8436
Photo of Stephen Young, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Stephen Young
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95816
Everyone needs a safe space to reflect, release, reset, and rest. Are you having trouble understanding your mood, thoughts or emotions? Do you lie in bed late at night with thoughts that will not shut off? Are your emotions or thoughts hindering your relationships or professional life? Do you feel your life is not balanced due to the constant pressure to over perform? Do you find yourself neglecting your relationships with your spouse, children or close loved ones? We all need someone we can trust to walk us through the process of understanding and exploring ways to heal, cope and grow into our most authentic self.
Everyone needs a safe space to reflect, release, reset, and rest. Are you having trouble understanding your mood, thoughts or emotions? Do you lie in bed late at night with thoughts that will not shut off? Are your emotions or thoughts hindering your relationships or professional life? Do you feel your life is not balanced due to the constant pressure to over perform? Do you find yourself neglecting your relationships with your spouse, children or close loved ones? We all need someone we can trust to walk us through the process of understanding and exploring ways to heal, cope and grow into our most authentic self.
(530) 461-5940 View (530) 461-5940
Photo of Cyndra Robbins, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Sacramento, CA
Cyndra Robbins
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
I am passionate about mental health and provide compassionate and transformative healing for individuals who have experienced anxiety, major depression, and trauma. I am dedicated to guiding our clients on a journey towards recovery, resilience, and self-discovery through evidence-based therapy, psychedelic-assisted therapy, Brain spotting, and a holistic, collaborative approach to mental well-being. My approach is a commitment to encouraging a safe and supportive therapeutic environment where clients can explore their inner landscapes, confront past traumas, and find hope and healing.
I am passionate about mental health and provide compassionate and transformative healing for individuals who have experienced anxiety, major depression, and trauma. I am dedicated to guiding our clients on a journey towards recovery, resilience, and self-discovery through evidence-based therapy, psychedelic-assisted therapy, Brain spotting, and a holistic, collaborative approach to mental well-being. My approach is a commitment to encouraging a safe and supportive therapeutic environment where clients can explore their inner landscapes, confront past traumas, and find hope and healing.
(916) 584-9513 View (916) 584-9513
Recovery Happens Adolescent Services
Psychologist
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95827
Our Adolescent Program at Recovery Happens exists to help families navigate difficult seasons. Balancing life, school and work, relationships, time management- it can be exhausting to feel like you are running on empty with little chance to recharge. Our program offers individual, family, and group therapy (IOP) sessions for adolescents. This can include music, games, art activities, movement- there are times when you just need to throw things at a dart board, paint some song lyrics, or brainstorm a self-care plan for finals week.
Our Adolescent Program at Recovery Happens exists to help families navigate difficult seasons. Balancing life, school and work, relationships, time management- it can be exhausting to feel like you are running on empty with little chance to recharge. Our program offers individual, family, and group therapy (IOP) sessions for adolescents. This can include music, games, art activities, movement- there are times when you just need to throw things at a dart board, paint some song lyrics, or brainstorm a self-care plan for finals week.
(916) 252-4232 View (916) 252-4232
Photo of Tony Paulson, Psychologist in Sacramento, CA
Tony Paulson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95825
In the 35 years I have treated people suffering from eating disorders I have witnessed many reclaim their lives from ED and live the life they were meant to have. The path to your recovery can be steep and full of obstacles. You might feel like you can't take another step or the obstacles are too large. I can assure you that you will not walk this path alone. You will be given guidance, comfort and motivation to keep you moving toward recovery. Don't let another day go by trapped by your eating disorder.
In the 35 years I have treated people suffering from eating disorders I have witnessed many reclaim their lives from ED and live the life they were meant to have. The path to your recovery can be steep and full of obstacles. You might feel like you can't take another step or the obstacles are too large. I can assure you that you will not walk this path alone. You will be given guidance, comfort and motivation to keep you moving toward recovery. Don't let another day go by trapped by your eating disorder.
(916) 633-7809 View (916) 633-7809
Photo of Courtney Kim Morgan, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in Sacramento, CA
Courtney Kim Morgan
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, ATR
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sacramento, CA 95816
Audre Lorde wrote, “There is no such thing as a single-issue struggle because we do not live single-issue lives”. I believe and practice from this framework. We are relational beings connected to each other and society. At the intersections of ourselves and community, we may meet Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, and complex Relationships. Getting to know these Problems helps us to understand their origins and find solutions.
Audre Lorde wrote, “There is no such thing as a single-issue struggle because we do not live single-issue lives”. I believe and practice from this framework. We are relational beings connected to each other and society. At the intersections of ourselves and community, we may meet Depression, Anxiety, Trauma, and complex Relationships. Getting to know these Problems helps us to understand their origins and find solutions.
(916) 571-6839 View (916) 571-6839
Photo of Innate Guidance, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Innate Guidance
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95811
If you have a change you want to make and need encouragement, I can help. We can work together to make a change. As we get to know each other, and build a therapeutic relationship, we will look at how the problem is impacting your life. We can collaborate on solutions that will help your progress. I am here to help facilitate your success and encourage you in times you feel stuck. I will challenge you, but in a very caring and supportive way. Let's work together to ensure your progress.
If you have a change you want to make and need encouragement, I can help. We can work together to make a change. As we get to know each other, and build a therapeutic relationship, we will look at how the problem is impacting your life. We can collaborate on solutions that will help your progress. I am here to help facilitate your success and encourage you in times you feel stuck. I will challenge you, but in a very caring and supportive way. Let's work together to ensure your progress.
(916) 621-6028 View (916) 621-6028
Photo of Better Decisions Counseling, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Sacramento, CA
Better Decisions Counseling
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LAADC, CA, CADC
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95827  (Online Only)
Why choose us? Because of our methods of Cognitive Behavior Theory counseling. Counseling services have a 86% goal success rate! Open till 7:00 by appointment. We offer Supervise visits, Co-parenting, Anger Management, Alcohol Forensic Assessments & Evaluations, Drug testing, a Department of Transportation Substance Abuse Professional (DOT/SAP) Education to help you achieve your goals. Interventions and referrals to residential treatment centers and Sober Living available. Don't forget to like our Facebook page! Call us! Located in Sacramento and nearby.
Why choose us? Because of our methods of Cognitive Behavior Theory counseling. Counseling services have a 86% goal success rate! Open till 7:00 by appointment. We offer Supervise visits, Co-parenting, Anger Management, Alcohol Forensic Assessments & Evaluations, Drug testing, a Department of Transportation Substance Abuse Professional (DOT/SAP) Education to help you achieve your goals. Interventions and referrals to residential treatment centers and Sober Living available. Don't forget to like our Facebook page! Call us! Located in Sacramento and nearby.
(916) 318-3402 View (916) 318-3402
Photo of Marcia Greene, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Marcia Greene
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95814  (Online Only)
I'm an integrative therapist, which means that I draw from several different psychotherapy orientations. My work is informed by modalities including ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), IFS (Internal Family Systems), Hakomi (a mind-body approach), Gestalt and mindfulness practices. I tailor sessions to the particular needs and goals of each individual. This flexible approach helps reveal the dynamics that are unique to your situation which may be creating obstacles to living your best life. Together, we identify these obstacles, assess their impact and resolve them directly.
I'm an integrative therapist, which means that I draw from several different psychotherapy orientations. My work is informed by modalities including ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy), CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy), IFS (Internal Family Systems), Hakomi (a mind-body approach), Gestalt and mindfulness practices. I tailor sessions to the particular needs and goals of each individual. This flexible approach helps reveal the dynamics that are unique to your situation which may be creating obstacles to living your best life. Together, we identify these obstacles, assess their impact and resolve them directly.
(424) 344-5884 View (424) 344-5884
Photo of Patricia Rose, Marriage & Family Therapist in Sacramento, CA
Patricia Rose
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Sacramento, CA 95825
I have over 40 years of experience working in the Holistic Health field, and so I draw from many different modalities where we explore together what is needed for change and growth. I believe that what is true for each person can be found within, so my job is to help you explore and find those answers and insights that lead to growth. I also offer a deeply personal and interactive relationship where I seek to provide the safety for this exploration, as well as the opportunity to have an experience of a relationship that is both corrective and healing.
I have over 40 years of experience working in the Holistic Health field, and so I draw from many different modalities where we explore together what is needed for change and growth. I believe that what is true for each person can be found within, so my job is to help you explore and find those answers and insights that lead to growth. I also offer a deeply personal and interactive relationship where I seek to provide the safety for this exploration, as well as the opportunity to have an experience of a relationship that is both corrective and healing.
(916) 259-3962 View (916) 259-3962

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Sacramento, CA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Sacramento, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
73% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
67% Trauma and PTSD
67% Stress
66% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

69% Aetna
63% Cigna and Evernorth
61% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Sacramento, CA see their clients

67% In Person and Online
33% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Sacramento?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.