Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

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Photo of Courtney Bradis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Courtney Bradis
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I work with people struggling with general life transitions, self-esteem issues, and ADHD. Most of my clients feel "stuck" in life or feel like "bad adults" because they struggle with managing their lives/responsibilities or struggle with feeling positively about themselves. I enjoy working with individuals and couples who are highly motivated to make change and have the desire for a deeper understanding of themselves but may be unsure of where to start.
I work with people struggling with general life transitions, self-esteem issues, and ADHD. Most of my clients feel "stuck" in life or feel like "bad adults" because they struggle with managing their lives/responsibilities or struggle with feeling positively about themselves. I enjoy working with individuals and couples who are highly motivated to make change and have the desire for a deeper understanding of themselves but may be unsure of where to start.
(267) 263-7813 View (267) 263-7813
Photo of Michelle Jackson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Michelle Jackson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
I think of the therapeutic relationship as a workshop where clients can plan, tinker, experiment, test, and refine parts of themselves, their relationships, and their lives with my unwavering support. It's a place and time where we can collaborate on what might need to change, what tools are necessary for the task, and on the ways it might begin to unfold. I create and hold a safe place for clients to ponder, practice, and consider change-- especially when they struggle to maintain that space for themselves. As a trauma informed practitioner, I am able to ground and contain intense affect to help clients feel held.
I think of the therapeutic relationship as a workshop where clients can plan, tinker, experiment, test, and refine parts of themselves, their relationships, and their lives with my unwavering support. It's a place and time where we can collaborate on what might need to change, what tools are necessary for the task, and on the ways it might begin to unfold. I create and hold a safe place for clients to ponder, practice, and consider change-- especially when they struggle to maintain that space for themselves. As a trauma informed practitioner, I am able to ground and contain intense affect to help clients feel held.
(267) 463-2309 View (267) 463-2309
Photo of Rachel Phelps, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Rachel Phelps
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I am licensed in Pennsylvania with 7 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, relationship issues, family conflicts, & trauma and abuse.
I am licensed in Pennsylvania with 7 years of professional work experience. I have experience in helping clients with stress and anxiety, relationship issues, family conflicts, & trauma and abuse.
(484) 956-7044 View (484) 956-7044
Photo of Jared Ross Korelitz-Golant, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Jared Ross Korelitz-Golant
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107
I help you get to the heart of your inner conflicts with questions like: What are the different parts of your personality? Why do you keep repeating the same patterns over and over? Why do you choose one emotional response over another? If you're experiencing addictive patterns (either to substances or behaviors), I can help you find autonomy even if you feel you're self-sabotaging. I am also adept at addressing men's issues, trauma, anxiety, and depression. Anyone who is committed to self-reflection will benefit from my non-pathologizing approach to emotional balance.
I help you get to the heart of your inner conflicts with questions like: What are the different parts of your personality? Why do you keep repeating the same patterns over and over? Why do you choose one emotional response over another? If you're experiencing addictive patterns (either to substances or behaviors), I can help you find autonomy even if you feel you're self-sabotaging. I am also adept at addressing men's issues, trauma, anxiety, and depression. Anyone who is committed to self-reflection will benefit from my non-pathologizing approach to emotional balance.
(484) 929-2930 View (484) 929-2930
Photo of Michele J Rosario, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Michele J Rosario
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, CEAP, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107  (Online Only)
Feeling helpless? Are you committed to self-improvement, but overwhelmed with where to start? Wanting to understand the symptoms you are experiencing or examine the obstacles in life requires help of an honest, direct, solution focused clinician. Anxiety, co-dependent patterns such as "people pleasing" or just trying to understand an experience, starting with the truth of the reality in front of you is where we can meet and start. Every focused, achieving individual wants to "fix it" or do whatever it takes to feel better to live better. By applying some "curiosity," shame and judgement can decrease and hope can increase.
Feeling helpless? Are you committed to self-improvement, but overwhelmed with where to start? Wanting to understand the symptoms you are experiencing or examine the obstacles in life requires help of an honest, direct, solution focused clinician. Anxiety, co-dependent patterns such as "people pleasing" or just trying to understand an experience, starting with the truth of the reality in front of you is where we can meet and start. Every focused, achieving individual wants to "fix it" or do whatever it takes to feel better to live better. By applying some "curiosity," shame and judgement can decrease and hope can increase.
(215) 910-4855 View (215) 910-4855
Photo of Expressions Therapy LLC, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Expressions Therapy LLC
Pre-Licensed Professional, MFT
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19129
Are you experiencing anxiety or depression and in need of someone to talk to? Are you experiencing changes in your life that are overwhelming and stressful? Are you feeling inadequate or like you’ve lost hope in life or feeling down but can’t explain why? Are you having trouble in your relationships?
Are you experiencing anxiety or depression and in need of someone to talk to? Are you experiencing changes in your life that are overwhelming and stressful? Are you feeling inadequate or like you’ve lost hope in life or feeling down but can’t explain why? Are you having trouble in your relationships?
(215) 795-5187 View (215) 795-5187
Photo of Carol Fletcher, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Carol Fletcher
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
I'm a licensed independent clinical social worker in eight states including Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Texas, Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Illinois. My career started in Pennsylvania where I attended Chestnut Hill College and received my Master's in Counseling Psychology, Marriage and Family Therapy Option. It continued in upstate Pennsylvania and New York where I attended SUNY University of Buffalo and received my Master of Social Work Degree. I capped those off with a Psy.D. from CalSouthern University, an online doctoral format. I'm also an Advanced Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselor.
I'm a licensed independent clinical social worker in eight states including Pennsylvania, Virginia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Texas, Rhode Island, Massachusetts and Illinois. My career started in Pennsylvania where I attended Chestnut Hill College and received my Master's in Counseling Psychology, Marriage and Family Therapy Option. It continued in upstate Pennsylvania and New York where I attended SUNY University of Buffalo and received my Master of Social Work Degree. I capped those off with a Psy.D. from CalSouthern University, an online doctoral format. I'm also an Advanced Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselor.
(484) 296-3481 View (484) 296-3481
Photo of Nzingha Ma'at, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Nzingha Ma'at
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19144
We all experience challenges in our lives. My goal for over two decades has been to assist people with working through the many stressors that we face on a daily basis. From anxiety, depression, various forms of trauma, to improving self-love and self-care, I enjoy helping BIPOC women find ways to balance their lives and heal holistically. Many of us have struggled with negative self-talk, oftentimes impacting our ability to act. I would love to assist you with realigning your mind/body/spirit to a healthier way of thinking and living.
We all experience challenges in our lives. My goal for over two decades has been to assist people with working through the many stressors that we face on a daily basis. From anxiety, depression, various forms of trauma, to improving self-love and self-care, I enjoy helping BIPOC women find ways to balance their lives and heal holistically. Many of us have struggled with negative self-talk, oftentimes impacting our ability to act. I would love to assist you with realigning your mind/body/spirit to a healthier way of thinking and living.
(267) 602-1064 View (267) 602-1064
Photo of Khalilah Yadullah, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Khalilah Yadullah
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Are you struggling with depression and/or substance use? Do you feel hopelessness and helplessness, have poor sleep, poor appetite, and increased alcohol intake? Your Goals may be to improve sleep, use 2-3 skills to help identify and work through ANT/Cognitive Distortions, keep a food mood diary, and incorporate foods to improve mood. You may be seeking psychoeducation surrounding the effects of alcohol, including it being a depressant, identifying 2-3 techniques used to promote physical wellness, and using 4-6 days per week (cardio, yoga, stretching, etc.).
Are you struggling with depression and/or substance use? Do you feel hopelessness and helplessness, have poor sleep, poor appetite, and increased alcohol intake? Your Goals may be to improve sleep, use 2-3 skills to help identify and work through ANT/Cognitive Distortions, keep a food mood diary, and incorporate foods to improve mood. You may be seeking psychoeducation surrounding the effects of alcohol, including it being a depressant, identifying 2-3 techniques used to promote physical wellness, and using 4-6 days per week (cardio, yoga, stretching, etc.).
(267) 452-2233 View (267) 452-2233
Photo of David Skowronski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
David Skowronski
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, LPCMH
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103
Mr. Skowronski and PhilaTherapy is an established practice located in Center City Philadelphia and Paoli. PA. We established the practice to meet the growing mental health needs of individuals in the Greater Philadelphia area. We provide psychotherapy and educational services. Our clinicians and staff are here to help you overcome various mental health conditions and everyday challenges and concerns.
Mr. Skowronski and PhilaTherapy is an established practice located in Center City Philadelphia and Paoli. PA. We established the practice to meet the growing mental health needs of individuals in the Greater Philadelphia area. We provide psychotherapy and educational services. Our clinicians and staff are here to help you overcome various mental health conditions and everyday challenges and concerns.
(484) 214-2421 View (484) 214-2421
Photo of Annie Thacker, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Annie Thacker
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSS, LCSW
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19124
I believe that people are naturally resilient, possessing a deep well of inner strength. Every experience, past and present, is relevant to therapeutic work, and I strive to create a collaborative space to explore the things that weigh us all down. I approach each session with empathy, curiosity and an open mind, and encourage you to approach your own relationships, thoughts, and day-to-day life the same way. My relational approach to therapy is strongly rooted in the psychodynamic tradition, integrating narrative, DBT, and mindfulness techniques to meet the specific needs of each person I work with.
I believe that people are naturally resilient, possessing a deep well of inner strength. Every experience, past and present, is relevant to therapeutic work, and I strive to create a collaborative space to explore the things that weigh us all down. I approach each session with empathy, curiosity and an open mind, and encourage you to approach your own relationships, thoughts, and day-to-day life the same way. My relational approach to therapy is strongly rooted in the psychodynamic tradition, integrating narrative, DBT, and mindfulness techniques to meet the specific needs of each person I work with.
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Photo of Gioia DiMicco, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Gioia DiMicco
Licensed Professional Counselor, MPS, ATR-BC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19143
Hello and welcome. It is no small feat to find oneself here, and you've made it. As an Art Therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor, my therapeutic approach is person centered and strengths-focused, and I seek to foster a safe space for one's personal exploration, expression and growth. Are you feeling overwhelmed? Are you your own worst critic? Are you curious and seeking to grow? Maybe verbal processing is your jam; that's brilliant. Perhaps art materials are your language of choice; let's do it. There are no wrong answers, and there is always space for grace and gentle kindness.
Hello and welcome. It is no small feat to find oneself here, and you've made it. As an Art Therapist and Licensed Professional Counselor, my therapeutic approach is person centered and strengths-focused, and I seek to foster a safe space for one's personal exploration, expression and growth. Are you feeling overwhelmed? Are you your own worst critic? Are you curious and seeking to grow? Maybe verbal processing is your jam; that's brilliant. Perhaps art materials are your language of choice; let's do it. There are no wrong answers, and there is always space for grace and gentle kindness.
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Photo of Carmen Porter, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Carmen Porter
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19103  (Online Only)
Greetings! I am Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania. In 2014, I received my masters degree in counseling psychology from Chatham University in Pgh, Pa. Impacting individuals and families; helping them to experience resilience, growth and transformation through difficult experiences and life transitions is something that gives my life meaning.
Greetings! I am Licensed Professional Counselor in the state of Pennsylvania. In 2014, I received my masters degree in counseling psychology from Chatham University in Pgh, Pa. Impacting individuals and families; helping them to experience resilience, growth and transformation through difficult experiences and life transitions is something that gives my life meaning.
(484) 573-7157 View (484) 573-7157
Photo of Maegan D'Amato, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Philadelphia, PA
Maegan D'Amato
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19125
It is human nature to try and create understanding of the situations we experience, for once we understand what the experience is, what we feel and why we feel it, we can begin to take back our control. I believe that it is from this space that we can then begin to heal; to create necessary change and grow. As a therapist, it is my goal to help move you through the power of “why?” so that you may gain understanding, take back your control, and heal.
It is human nature to try and create understanding of the situations we experience, for once we understand what the experience is, what we feel and why we feel it, we can begin to take back our control. I believe that it is from this space that we can then begin to heal; to create necessary change and grow. As a therapist, it is my goal to help move you through the power of “why?” so that you may gain understanding, take back your control, and heal.
(267) 715-0693 View (267) 715-0693
Photo of Eliot Hagerty, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Eliot Hagerty
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Philadelphia, PA 19107
Eliot Hagerty is a Resident in Counseling (RIC) who has over 2 years of professional experience working with children, adolescents, and adults who are seeking assistance with concerns or conditions related to depression, anxiety, interpersonal relationships, identity issues, and substance use. She completed her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Ithaca College and received her Master's degree in Counseling and Human Services from Lehigh University.
Eliot Hagerty is a Resident in Counseling (RIC) who has over 2 years of professional experience working with children, adolescents, and adults who are seeking assistance with concerns or conditions related to depression, anxiety, interpersonal relationships, identity issues, and substance use. She completed her Bachelor's degree in Psychology from Ithaca College and received her Master's degree in Counseling and Human Services from Lehigh University.
(484) 207-5553 View (484) 207-5553
Photo of Jennifer Houk, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Jennifer Houk
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
The truth will set you free"... I became a therapist because I believe that through relationship, listening, and talking, a tremendous amount of healing can take place in a person's life. I believe in people and the potential for change and growth in their lives. I see therapy as a partnership in facilitating that change. I help people to free themselves from various things that hold them down, guilt, anger, shame, addictions, anxiety... I attempt to help people establish a more solid foundation of self worth, balance, love and flexibility to be able to negotiate the world, their relationships and themselves more successfully.
The truth will set you free"... I became a therapist because I believe that through relationship, listening, and talking, a tremendous amount of healing can take place in a person's life. I believe in people and the potential for change and growth in their lives. I see therapy as a partnership in facilitating that change. I help people to free themselves from various things that hold them down, guilt, anger, shame, addictions, anxiety... I attempt to help people establish a more solid foundation of self worth, balance, love and flexibility to be able to negotiate the world, their relationships and themselves more successfully.
(215) 688-5781 View (215) 688-5781
Photo of Susan Matour, Psychologist in Philadelphia, PA
Susan Matour
Psychologist, JD, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102
People contact me when they want to feel less anxious, down, or "stuck" in their lives. Some are paralized by panic and worry; others feel deeply discouraged and doubtful about their futures, and some are facing relationship problems, loss, or are at a crossroads in life. My clients range in age from 22 to 95, so I am familiar with the ways these struggles show themselves througout the lifespan. My approach is warm, collaborative, and shaped to each client's needs. The focus is on what we think, and how we treat our thinking.
People contact me when they want to feel less anxious, down, or "stuck" in their lives. Some are paralized by panic and worry; others feel deeply discouraged and doubtful about their futures, and some are facing relationship problems, loss, or are at a crossroads in life. My clients range in age from 22 to 95, so I am familiar with the ways these struggles show themselves througout the lifespan. My approach is warm, collaborative, and shaped to each client's needs. The focus is on what we think, and how we treat our thinking.
(215) 261-7917 View (215) 261-7917
Photo of Hannah Reiser, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Hannah Reiser
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19147
All people experience hardships that can put them in a rut or lead to burnout. Whatever stressor you may be facing, my goal is to use a trauma-informed, holistic lens to work with you to better understand and accept your emotions, introduce new perspectives, and create steps toward change using your unique strengths. One of the most essential components of therapy is ensuring that you feel safe and comfortable to open up about your innermost feelings and beliefs. I strive to make you feel accepted and empowered to express your needs and create tailored goals in treatment using a collaborative approach.
All people experience hardships that can put them in a rut or lead to burnout. Whatever stressor you may be facing, my goal is to use a trauma-informed, holistic lens to work with you to better understand and accept your emotions, introduce new perspectives, and create steps toward change using your unique strengths. One of the most essential components of therapy is ensuring that you feel safe and comfortable to open up about your innermost feelings and beliefs. I strive to make you feel accepted and empowered to express your needs and create tailored goals in treatment using a collaborative approach.
(484) 878-4543 View (484) 878-4543
Photo of Ebony Graves, Licensed Professional Counselor in Philadelphia, PA
Ebony Graves
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19121  (Online Only)
Congrats on taking the big step to do something different! Are you someone who struggles with feeling anxious? Does most of your day consist of completing compulsions due to obsessions? Do you often find that you are barely making it through the day? Are you wanting to take your life back from intrusive thoughts, feeling down, and putting on a face for others? If you answered yes to any of these questions, I would love to work with you! I find great joy in helping others achieve their highest fulfillment and look forward to helping you live a happier life. I enjoy motivating and supporting my clients through their journey.
Congrats on taking the big step to do something different! Are you someone who struggles with feeling anxious? Does most of your day consist of completing compulsions due to obsessions? Do you often find that you are barely making it through the day? Are you wanting to take your life back from intrusive thoughts, feeling down, and putting on a face for others? If you answered yes to any of these questions, I would love to work with you! I find great joy in helping others achieve their highest fulfillment and look forward to helping you live a happier life. I enjoy motivating and supporting my clients through their journey.
(215) 709-3690 View (215) 709-3690
Photo of Sara Burth, Pre-Licensed Professional in Philadelphia, PA
Sara Burth
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Philadelphia, PA 19102  (Online Only)
I work with clients who are trying to understand how to accept themselves and are looking to create a strong therapeutic relationship with a counselor. I believe that clients who have acknowledged that they need help in certain areas and are looking to put in the work needed to achieve their goals are going to get the most out of our time together.
I work with clients who are trying to understand how to accept themselves and are looking to create a strong therapeutic relationship with a counselor. I believe that clients who have acknowledged that they need help in certain areas and are looking to put in the work needed to achieve their goals are going to get the most out of our time together.
(267) 318-4572 View (267) 318-4572

See more therapy options for Philadelphia

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Philadelphia, PA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$145

Therapists in Philadelphia, PA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
86% Depression
74% Self Esteem
71% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
65% Coping Skills
60% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

79% Aetna
68% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
65% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Philadelphia, PA see their clients

50% In Person and Online
50% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
20% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Philadelphia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.