Therapists in Melbourne, FL

Photo of Tonia Lynn Meyers, Counselor in Melbourne, FL
Tonia Lynn Meyers
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Melbourne, FL 32935
I am passionate about helping individuals who have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, addiction, attachment issues, dual diagnosis, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, and blended family challenges. I am also adept at working with couples struggling with communication, infidelity, trust, and intimacy issues. I use a comprehensive approach which considers all aspects of life- past, present, and future which helps to overcome any obstacles and find a sense of inner peace and recovery.
I am passionate about helping individuals who have experienced trauma, depression, anxiety, addiction, attachment issues, dual diagnosis, bipolar disorder, personality disorders, and blended family challenges. I am also adept at working with couples struggling with communication, infidelity, trust, and intimacy issues. I use a comprehensive approach which considers all aspects of life- past, present, and future which helps to overcome any obstacles and find a sense of inner peace and recovery.
(321) 306-0740 View (321) 306-0740
Photo of Jennifer J. Ahearn, Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern in Melbourne, FL
Jennifer J. Ahearn
Registered Mental Health Counselor Intern, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Melbourne, FL 32935
Are you having relationship difficulties? Would you like to increase your communication skills and feel closer to your partner and your children? Do you want to feel more balanced, less anxious and depressed? Do you feel you have experienced a trauma and are stuck in your development or relationship with yourself or those you care about? A person is affected by influences and experiences, through family life, social, and work environments throughout the lifetime. Growth and learning are life-long endeavors. Would you like to feel more fulfilled in your relationships? Call me today.
Are you having relationship difficulties? Would you like to increase your communication skills and feel closer to your partner and your children? Do you want to feel more balanced, less anxious and depressed? Do you feel you have experienced a trauma and are stuck in your development or relationship with yourself or those you care about? A person is affected by influences and experiences, through family life, social, and work environments throughout the lifetime. Growth and learning are life-long endeavors. Would you like to feel more fulfilled in your relationships? Call me today.
(321) 265-3936 View (321) 265-3936
Photo of Lindsay Lauderdale, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Melbourne, FL
Lindsay Lauderdale
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Melbourne, FL 32901
The ideal client for me is one who enjoys learning, willing to use skills/tools outside of therapy, and be introspective to cause a shift in their life to live differently and accomplish their goals in a collaborative manner. How can I help? This statement is one of the first questions you will be asked during our first session and throughout treatment together.
The ideal client for me is one who enjoys learning, willing to use skills/tools outside of therapy, and be introspective to cause a shift in their life to live differently and accomplish their goals in a collaborative manner. How can I help? This statement is one of the first questions you will be asked during our first session and throughout treatment together.
(321) 384-5510 View (321) 384-5510
Wanda Louise Bethea
Psychologist, EdD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Melbourne, FL 32901  (Online Only)
I work with clients who want to overcome their pain from broken relationships and bruised hearts, minds and spirits. Many of my clients report that therapy and psychological testing have helped them identify and use their strengths to overcome some of the roadblocks and pitfalls in their lives. Many of their life barriers have transformed into creating a more "awesome" life for clients as well as others in the client's family, community and workplace.
I work with clients who want to overcome their pain from broken relationships and bruised hearts, minds and spirits. Many of my clients report that therapy and psychological testing have helped them identify and use their strengths to overcome some of the roadblocks and pitfalls in their lives. Many of their life barriers have transformed into creating a more "awesome" life for clients as well as others in the client's family, community and workplace.
(321) 450-1680 View (321) 450-1680
Photo of Dr. Neuropsychology Concierge: Cristi Salinas, Psychologist in Melbourne, FL
Dr. Neuropsychology Concierge: Cristi Salinas
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Melbourne, FL 32940
Dr. Cristi is an expert neuropsychologist, author, international speaker, and mama of a 2e/ADHD son who has worked with 6,000 children and adults. Dr. Cristi specializes in the assessment and treatment of ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Learning Disabilities, Gifted, Brain Injury, and Epilepsy. She worked at the number 1 rated Children’s Hospital in the US, Boston Children’s, and contributed to best practices at Harvard, Emory & Advent Health Orlando. She has the unique expertise to identify your strengths and the root cause of your concerns plus she will develop a practical roadmap of interventions/solutions.
Dr. Cristi is an expert neuropsychologist, author, international speaker, and mama of a 2e/ADHD son who has worked with 6,000 children and adults. Dr. Cristi specializes in the assessment and treatment of ADHD, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Learning Disabilities, Gifted, Brain Injury, and Epilepsy. She worked at the number 1 rated Children’s Hospital in the US, Boston Children’s, and contributed to best practices at Harvard, Emory & Advent Health Orlando. She has the unique expertise to identify your strengths and the root cause of your concerns plus she will develop a practical roadmap of interventions/solutions.
(321) 384-9827 View (321) 384-9827
Photo of Audrey Fisher, Mental Health Counselor in Melbourne, FL
Audrey Fisher
Mental Health Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Melbourne, FL 32901
Facing issues regarding relationships or life transitions? Perhaps, you're an individual with past trauma that may associate with attachment and interpersonal difficulties. Many individuals are faced with mental health challenges through life that trigger anxiety and depression which can feel truly paralyzing. I seek to help individuals in the best ways I know how. I pursue working collaboratively with my clients, so we can build a foundation of self assurance, confidence, hope and peace.
Facing issues regarding relationships or life transitions? Perhaps, you're an individual with past trauma that may associate with attachment and interpersonal difficulties. Many individuals are faced with mental health challenges through life that trigger anxiety and depression which can feel truly paralyzing. I seek to help individuals in the best ways I know how. I pursue working collaboratively with my clients, so we can build a foundation of self assurance, confidence, hope and peace.
(321) 450-1654 View (321) 450-1654
Photo of Matthew R Gold, Pre-Licensed Professional in Melbourne, FL
Matthew R Gold
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, RMHCI
Verified Verified
Melbourne, FL 32901
We live in a world which is more confusing than ever, where struggle is the norm rather than the exception. Many people feel lost and are struggling to find their own way in a world which feels so out of control. I believe that everyone has within them infinite potential for joy but that sometimes things get in the way of living out that joy. I am passionate about working with people who are ready to move past these obstacles and pursue a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
We live in a world which is more confusing than ever, where struggle is the norm rather than the exception. Many people feel lost and are struggling to find their own way in a world which feels so out of control. I believe that everyone has within them infinite potential for joy but that sometimes things get in the way of living out that joy. I am passionate about working with people who are ready to move past these obstacles and pursue a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(321) 346-7602 View (321) 346-7602
Photo of Seaside Family Counseling LLC, Counselor in Melbourne, FL
Seaside Family Counseling LLC
Counselor, LMHC, MA
Verified Verified
Melbourne, FL 32935
Having parenting issues? Is your child not responding to your discipline? Are you and your partner not in agreement as how to discipline? Worried about your child but just can't seem to get through to them? I can help. I'm usually able to reach the kids that no one else can. I was a wounded child myself, hurt, angry and defiant, with substance abuse issues. I understand kids and know how to get through to them, to inspire change, and bring out the best in them.
Having parenting issues? Is your child not responding to your discipline? Are you and your partner not in agreement as how to discipline? Worried about your child but just can't seem to get through to them? I can help. I'm usually able to reach the kids that no one else can. I was a wounded child myself, hurt, angry and defiant, with substance abuse issues. I understand kids and know how to get through to them, to inspire change, and bring out the best in them.
(321) 204-0353 View (321) 204-0353
Photo of Laurie Paquette, Psychologist in Melbourne, FL
Laurie Paquette
Psychologist, PhD, QS-MHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Melbourne, FL 32940
Accepting New Testing Cases only! You're probably here because something in your life isn't going as well as you'd like. Tired of being stuck at home, feeling more alone, isolated from friends and loved ones. These are challenging times and taking care of your mental health needs is important. I have 25 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults who struggle with a variety of challenges including anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, and more. Let me help you feel better and lead a happier, healthier life! Thanks for reading my profile, I look forward to seeing you soon.
Accepting New Testing Cases only! You're probably here because something in your life isn't going as well as you'd like. Tired of being stuck at home, feeling more alone, isolated from friends and loved ones. These are challenging times and taking care of your mental health needs is important. I have 25 years of experience working with children, adolescents, and adults who struggle with a variety of challenges including anxiety, depression, ADHD, trauma, and more. Let me help you feel better and lead a happier, healthier life! Thanks for reading my profile, I look forward to seeing you soon.
(321) 221-5502 View (321) 221-5502
Photo of Alethea Maria Kluver-Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Melbourne, FL
Alethea Maria Kluver-Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Melbourne, FL 32935  (Online Only)
About 60 percent of people report feeling lonely on a pretty regular basis. Researchers indicate feeling lonely is equal to smoking 15 cigarettes a day. Rates of anxiety, depression, and addiction continue to rise. I have over 20 years of experience treating all populations and helping others achieve balance and wellness in their lives. I enjoy working with individuals with chronic health issues, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, grief/loss, substance issues. I provide a very safe, warm, nurturing space for you to work on achieving your life goals. We are made for connection. Reach out for a free consultation.
About 60 percent of people report feeling lonely on a pretty regular basis. Researchers indicate feeling lonely is equal to smoking 15 cigarettes a day. Rates of anxiety, depression, and addiction continue to rise. I have over 20 years of experience treating all populations and helping others achieve balance and wellness in their lives. I enjoy working with individuals with chronic health issues, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, grief/loss, substance issues. I provide a very safe, warm, nurturing space for you to work on achieving your life goals. We are made for connection. Reach out for a free consultation.
(321) 241-3953 View (321) 241-3953
Photo of Joseph Mathew Burton, Counselor in Melbourne, FL
Joseph Mathew Burton
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Melbourne, FL 32935
It takes a lot of courage to admit you need help, but it's the first step. Can't seem to find joy in your life? Feeling overwhelmed or chronically anxious? Feeling stigmatized, broken, unstable, different, or pessimistic about life? Allow me to help you or your child learn new tools to navigate distress and chronic stress in life. I'm trained to address sudden stressors, chronic stress, and prior traumas that continue to emotionally paralyze one years after the event, through talk therapy, DBT, activity therapy or EMDR. Let me help you learn new tools and strategies to reduce your symptoms, grow as a person, and find happiness.
It takes a lot of courage to admit you need help, but it's the first step. Can't seem to find joy in your life? Feeling overwhelmed or chronically anxious? Feeling stigmatized, broken, unstable, different, or pessimistic about life? Allow me to help you or your child learn new tools to navigate distress and chronic stress in life. I'm trained to address sudden stressors, chronic stress, and prior traumas that continue to emotionally paralyze one years after the event, through talk therapy, DBT, activity therapy or EMDR. Let me help you learn new tools and strategies to reduce your symptoms, grow as a person, and find happiness.
(352) 571-1868 View (352) 571-1868
Photo of Richard T Elmore Jr, Psychologist in Melbourne, FL
Richard T Elmore Jr
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Melbourne, FL 32901
The primary specialty of Dr. Rich Elmore and his Couples Therapy Team is providing a variety of psychological services for Couples to include Pre-Marital Compatibility Assessment, Marital Therapy, Sex Therapy, Divorce Counseling and Divorce Mediation. Rich is certified in Family Mediation by the Supreme Court of Florida. In addition, he is certified in Clinical Hypnosis, Sex Therapy and Clinical Supervision. Rich is past President of the Brevard/Indian River Chapter of the Florida Psychological Association and Recipient of the Outstanding Psychologist of the Year Award for his extensive work with Combat Veterans and their Families.
The primary specialty of Dr. Rich Elmore and his Couples Therapy Team is providing a variety of psychological services for Couples to include Pre-Marital Compatibility Assessment, Marital Therapy, Sex Therapy, Divorce Counseling and Divorce Mediation. Rich is certified in Family Mediation by the Supreme Court of Florida. In addition, he is certified in Clinical Hypnosis, Sex Therapy and Clinical Supervision. Rich is past President of the Brevard/Indian River Chapter of the Florida Psychological Association and Recipient of the Outstanding Psychologist of the Year Award for his extensive work with Combat Veterans and their Families.
(321) 684-6284 View (321) 684-6284
Photo of Lori A Berk, Counselor in Melbourne, FL
Lori A Berk
Counselor, MS, LMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Melbourne, FL 32935
Are you experiencing symptoms of stress? anxiety? depression? grief? relationship problems? Are you unsure about how to choose your path or reach your goals? Reaching out for help with these and other common problems can often feel difficult and scary to do. Whether you just need a safe place to be heard or you want to learn new ways of thinking, acting or being; my goal as a therapist is to work together with you to discover where you are and help you get to where you want to be, while at the same time leaving you feeling cared for and understood.
Are you experiencing symptoms of stress? anxiety? depression? grief? relationship problems? Are you unsure about how to choose your path or reach your goals? Reaching out for help with these and other common problems can often feel difficult and scary to do. Whether you just need a safe place to be heard or you want to learn new ways of thinking, acting or being; my goal as a therapist is to work together with you to discover where you are and help you get to where you want to be, while at the same time leaving you feeling cared for and understood.
(321) 392-6722 View (321) 392-6722
Photo of Aeron DeGroat, Counselor in Melbourne, FL
Aeron DeGroat
Counselor, MA, LMHC, MCAP
Verified Verified
Melbourne, FL 32901
My ideal client may present with a variety of issues, but ultimately they are motivated to seek change and implement strategies discussed in therapy while in-between sessions. They strive to be open and vulnerable in sessions and are looking to be an active and collaborative part of their therapeutic journey. I believe that we are all experts on our own experience, and a client who is willing to provide feedback on what is working and what isn't can assist in helping them tailor the therapy experience to their individual needs.
My ideal client may present with a variety of issues, but ultimately they are motivated to seek change and implement strategies discussed in therapy while in-between sessions. They strive to be open and vulnerable in sessions and are looking to be an active and collaborative part of their therapeutic journey. I believe that we are all experts on our own experience, and a client who is willing to provide feedback on what is working and what isn't can assist in helping them tailor the therapy experience to their individual needs.
(321) 341-7970 View (321) 341-7970
Photo of Empowering Perspectives | Valerie Farrell LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Melbourne, FL
Empowering Perspectives | Valerie Farrell LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Melbourne, FL 32935  (Online Only)
I grew up in Florida and graduated from Florida State University with a Bachelor’s and Master’s degree in Social Work. I began my career in a county jail mental health unit, where I became proficient in crisis intervention, assessments, and group therapy. While there, I not only logged needed clinical hours, but also studied for and passed the licensing exam for the State of Florida to become a Licensed Clinical Social Worker.
I grew up in Florida and graduated from Florida State University with a Bachelor’s and Master’s degree in Social Work. I began my career in a county jail mental health unit, where I became proficient in crisis intervention, assessments, and group therapy. While there, I not only logged needed clinical hours, but also studied for and passed the licensing exam for the State of Florida to become a Licensed Clinical Social Worker.
(321) 341-2015 View (321) 341-2015
Photo of Peggy Freeman, Counselor in Melbourne, FL
Peggy Freeman
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
Melbourne, FL 32935
Finding it difficult to heal from painful memories, distressing emotions, anxiety, or losses? Trouble coping with current stressors? I have 20+ years of experience in which I have been privileged to witness the transformational power of therapy to bring healing and growth to my clients. I offer a variety of treatment approaches but also know that the quality of the relationship with your therapist is the most important factor for a positive outcome. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space in which to address your issues and respect for your right to set your goals for therapy.
Finding it difficult to heal from painful memories, distressing emotions, anxiety, or losses? Trouble coping with current stressors? I have 20+ years of experience in which I have been privileged to witness the transformational power of therapy to bring healing and growth to my clients. I offer a variety of treatment approaches but also know that the quality of the relationship with your therapist is the most important factor for a positive outcome. I provide a safe, non-judgmental space in which to address your issues and respect for your right to set your goals for therapy.
(321) 316-6181 View (321) 316-6181
Photo of Community Psychological Services in Melbourne, FL
Community Psychological Services
Verified Verified
Melbourne, FL 32901
Community Psychological Services is currently accepting new clients! Located on the Florida Tech campus, we are a low-cost talk therapy service providing high-quality care for a wide variety of concerns (e.g., anxiety, depression, trauma). Services are provided by clinical psychology doctoral students using evidence-based practices under the supervision of licensed clinical psychologists via video and audio recordings. Acceptability is easy as we are currently offering services on a semester basis.
Community Psychological Services is currently accepting new clients! Located on the Florida Tech campus, we are a low-cost talk therapy service providing high-quality care for a wide variety of concerns (e.g., anxiety, depression, trauma). Services are provided by clinical psychology doctoral students using evidence-based practices under the supervision of licensed clinical psychologists via video and audio recordings. Acceptability is easy as we are currently offering services on a semester basis.
(321) 419-1477 View (321) 419-1477
Photo of Jasmine Gyant, Counselor in Melbourne, FL
Jasmine Gyant
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Melbourne, FL 32901
Do you struggle with coping with everyday life after experiencing a significant event? Do you find it difficult to overcome triggers that leave you feeling stuck or unable to function mentally and emotionally? Do you wish to find more constructive ways to navigate life’s stressors and enjoy your life more fully with loved ones and friends? You are not alone in seeking to take control of your life and take healthy steps to process and work through adversities.
Do you struggle with coping with everyday life after experiencing a significant event? Do you find it difficult to overcome triggers that leave you feeling stuck or unable to function mentally and emotionally? Do you wish to find more constructive ways to navigate life’s stressors and enjoy your life more fully with loved ones and friends? You are not alone in seeking to take control of your life and take healthy steps to process and work through adversities.
(321) 346-7443 View (321) 346-7443
Photo of Diana Cofsky, Licensed Professional Counselor in Melbourne, FL
Diana Cofsky
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Melbourne, FL 32901
I specialize in Anxiety, Depression, & Mood Disorders. I am a licensed professional counselor that has been working in behavioral health for over 20 years, obtaining my Bachelors and Masters degrees from La Salle University in Philadelphia. I have been fortunate to have backgrounds in both addiction and mental health at all levels of care, including inpatient residential, intensive outpatient and outpatient.
I specialize in Anxiety, Depression, & Mood Disorders. I am a licensed professional counselor that has been working in behavioral health for over 20 years, obtaining my Bachelors and Masters degrees from La Salle University in Philadelphia. I have been fortunate to have backgrounds in both addiction and mental health at all levels of care, including inpatient residential, intensive outpatient and outpatient.
(321) 341-2505 View (321) 341-2505
Photo of Kim Miner, Counselor in Melbourne, FL
Kim Miner
Counselor, LMHC
Verified Verified
Melbourne, FL 32901
I have a great deal of experience with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and addiction. I enjoy working with clients who are motivated to change, learn, and develop new skills. Honesty helps the process tremendously! I enjoy working with them because I have so many tips and techniques that I have seen work, and that gives me a great deal of motivation and drive to help them!
I have a great deal of experience with clients experiencing anxiety, depression, relationship issues, and addiction. I enjoy working with clients who are motivated to change, learn, and develop new skills. Honesty helps the process tremendously! I enjoy working with them because I have so many tips and techniques that I have seen work, and that gives me a great deal of motivation and drive to help them!
(321) 306-0469 View (321) 306-0469

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Melbourne, FL

200+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Melbourne, FL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
80% Self Esteem
79% Coping Skills
74% Relationship Issues
73% Trauma and PTSD
71% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

83% Cigna and Evernorth
78% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
74% Aetna

How Therapists in Melbourne, FL see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Melbourne?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.