Therapists in Lovingston, VA

Photo of Bren Boseman Seed, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
Bren Boseman Seed
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Lovingston, VA 22949  (Online Only)
It is my great honor to support those who are anticipating a great loss or actively grieving one. The loss might be a loved one or it could be a job, a relationship, a home, etc. I also work with clients who are facing terminal illness and their own death and want to do so with compassion and intention. I deeply trust our innate drive to grieve and heal. I do not see people through a diagnosis or pathology lens. I believe that even symptoms of illness are our unconscious attempts to cope, protect, adapt and heal. My job is to deeply listen in order to understand and help clients to discover and trust their own inherent wisdom.
It is my great honor to support those who are anticipating a great loss or actively grieving one. The loss might be a loved one or it could be a job, a relationship, a home, etc. I also work with clients who are facing terminal illness and their own death and want to do so with compassion and intention. I deeply trust our innate drive to grieve and heal. I do not see people through a diagnosis or pathology lens. I believe that even symptoms of illness are our unconscious attempts to cope, protect, adapt and heal. My job is to deeply listen in order to understand and help clients to discover and trust their own inherent wisdom.
(757) 530-5686 View (757) 530-5686

More Therapists Nearby

Photo of Charlotte A. Schafer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
Charlotte A. Schafer
Licensed Professional Counselor, BS, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Wintergreen, VA 22958  (Online Only)
Do you wish you knew better coping strategies for managing ADD, anxiety, or depression? Are you feeling under the control of others and don’t know how to break free? Are you experiencing guilt, or sadness that doesn't go away? As a professional counselor I can help you find your way back to a more joyful, healthy life. As a caring professional I can teach you techniques that make these distresses lesson or even leave, and help you regain a more balanced perspective over your emotional issues. Are you looking for empowerment over emotional habiting? As a balanced Christian counselor I have answers, I would love to help you.
Do you wish you knew better coping strategies for managing ADD, anxiety, or depression? Are you feeling under the control of others and don’t know how to break free? Are you experiencing guilt, or sadness that doesn't go away? As a professional counselor I can help you find your way back to a more joyful, healthy life. As a caring professional I can teach you techniques that make these distresses lesson or even leave, and help you regain a more balanced perspective over your emotional issues. Are you looking for empowerment over emotional habiting? As a balanced Christian counselor I have answers, I would love to help you.
(434) 595-3062 View (434) 595-3062

Online Therapists

Photo of Angela Eades-LaFollette, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lovingston, VA
Angela Eades-LaFollette
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23233
I have a passion for working with people. I have been a Licensed Clinical Social Worker since 2009 and have worked in many aspects of my field.
I have a passion for working with people. I have been a Licensed Clinical Social Worker since 2009 and have worked in many aspects of my field.
(703) 386-7893 View (703) 386-7893
Photo of Erika Bischof, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lovingston, VA
Erika Bischof
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23223  (Online Only)
Are you working through a life transition? Are there concerns with relationships in your life that you're hoping to work through? The best place to start is where you are. You may be seeking support in making changes to your life to support your overall health. My practice focuses on highlighting the strengths you have and how to identify areas of growth. If you're looking to improve your relationships, your ability to cope with stress, or are in a life transition, then we might be a good match. I also have many years of experience working with people with autism and other disabilities and can support people with those unique needs.
Are you working through a life transition? Are there concerns with relationships in your life that you're hoping to work through? The best place to start is where you are. You may be seeking support in making changes to your life to support your overall health. My practice focuses on highlighting the strengths you have and how to identify areas of growth. If you're looking to improve your relationships, your ability to cope with stress, or are in a life transition, then we might be a good match. I also have many years of experience working with people with autism and other disabilities and can support people with those unique needs.
(804) 552-3203 View (804) 552-3203
Photo of Kelli Robertson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lovingston, VA
Kelli Robertson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22901
I work with adults coping with anxiety, panic attacks, depression, trauma, substance use issues, and/or complex family systems and stressors. I often work with adults whose anxiety and worry in the present is rooted in well-practiced coping strategies to get through difficult early life experiences or family dynamics. My clients are often high-achievers (many times perfectionists) who are highly skilled at taking care of everyone and everything but themselves and struggle in private. They often appear to "have it all together" while facing a harsh inner critic day in and out.
I work with adults coping with anxiety, panic attacks, depression, trauma, substance use issues, and/or complex family systems and stressors. I often work with adults whose anxiety and worry in the present is rooted in well-practiced coping strategies to get through difficult early life experiences or family dynamics. My clients are often high-achievers (many times perfectionists) who are highly skilled at taking care of everyone and everything but themselves and struggle in private. They often appear to "have it all together" while facing a harsh inner critic day in and out.
(434) 362-4999 View (434) 362-4999
Photo of Halle' D. Hurt, Resident in Counseling in Lovingston, VA
Halle' D. Hurt
Resident in Counseling, MA
Verified Verified
Chesterfield, VA 23832
Welcome, and congratulations on taking the first steps to healing! My name is Halle’ and I am currently a Resident in Counseling working towards LPC licensure. I provide therapy to adult and adolescent clients struggling with depression, anxiety, self-harm, trauma, and identity exploration. I also have experience working with adults to sustain addiction recovery and battle PTSD associated with substance abuse.
Welcome, and congratulations on taking the first steps to healing! My name is Halle’ and I am currently a Resident in Counseling working towards LPC licensure. I provide therapy to adult and adolescent clients struggling with depression, anxiety, self-harm, trauma, and identity exploration. I also have experience working with adults to sustain addiction recovery and battle PTSD associated with substance abuse.
(804) 532-5426 View (804) 532-5426
Photo of Anna Yates, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lovingston, VA
Anna Yates
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23220
Anna Yates is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over 10 years of experience in the child welfare and mental health fields. She has worked with youth and families in a variety of roles that have focused on healing from family separations and other traumatic events, navigating crisis situations, and improving both family and internal processes. Anna is well-versed in trauma-informed interventions, depression, anxiety, grief, parenting challenges, foster care, adoption, and LGBTQIA+ and gender-affirming practices.
Anna Yates is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) with over 10 years of experience in the child welfare and mental health fields. She has worked with youth and families in a variety of roles that have focused on healing from family separations and other traumatic events, navigating crisis situations, and improving both family and internal processes. Anna is well-versed in trauma-informed interventions, depression, anxiety, grief, parenting challenges, foster care, adoption, and LGBTQIA+ and gender-affirming practices.
(804) 567-7909 View (804) 567-7909
Photo of Summer Jeirles, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
Summer Jeirles
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23225  (Online Only)
Do any of these describe you: pregnant or perinatal woman who is feeling overwhelmed or "out of sorts?"....older adult trying to navigate retirement, becoming an empty nester, (or other life change) while trying to find a "new" sense of purpose? ...person in recovery trying to live "life on life's terms?" If so, we may be a good fit. I am a licensed professional counselor, with extensive experience helping pregnant and postpartum women, older adults, and people of all ages who are "newer" to navigating recovery.
Do any of these describe you: pregnant or perinatal woman who is feeling overwhelmed or "out of sorts?"....older adult trying to navigate retirement, becoming an empty nester, (or other life change) while trying to find a "new" sense of purpose? ...person in recovery trying to live "life on life's terms?" If so, we may be a good fit. I am a licensed professional counselor, with extensive experience helping pregnant and postpartum women, older adults, and people of all ages who are "newer" to navigating recovery.
(203) 902-9351 View (203) 902-9351
Photo of Lora D Baum, Psychologist in Lovingston, VA
Lora D Baum
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Charlottesville, VA 22901  (Online Only)
Chronic illness or pain present unique challenges for individuals and families. Using cognitive behavioral therapy, learn to live a better and healthier life. I specialize in helping people with chronic medical conditions improve their physical and emotional functioning. Do you have chronic headaches, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic low back pain, or fibromyalgia? Each of these conditions can be alleviated by using psychological treatments. Having chronic pain is a stress in and of itself. I help you to make changes that can also improve sleep and mood.
Chronic illness or pain present unique challenges for individuals and families. Using cognitive behavioral therapy, learn to live a better and healthier life. I specialize in helping people with chronic medical conditions improve their physical and emotional functioning. Do you have chronic headaches, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic low back pain, or fibromyalgia? Each of these conditions can be alleviated by using psychological treatments. Having chronic pain is a stress in and of itself. I help you to make changes that can also improve sleep and mood.
(434) 336-3277 View (434) 336-3277
Elaine Wescoat
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LSATP
Verified Verified
Fredericksburg, VA 22408
Extensive experience in addressing effects of poor self-esteem, ineffective coping, and self-defeating behaviors. My philosophy is that of empowerment, helping people learn how to love themselves. Complimented for my ability to present information from a new perspective enhancing understanding and insight. Developed specific tools that will facilitate personal growth with a foundation of mutual respect and dignity. Grounded in spiritual principles. Guidance for healing histories of abuse as well as struggles with substance abuse. Second graduate degree was in marriage and family therapy. Practice is very full. Prospective clients should phone for availability; EMAIL MESSAGES WILL RECEIVE NO RESPONSE.
Extensive experience in addressing effects of poor self-esteem, ineffective coping, and self-defeating behaviors. My philosophy is that of empowerment, helping people learn how to love themselves. Complimented for my ability to present information from a new perspective enhancing understanding and insight. Developed specific tools that will facilitate personal growth with a foundation of mutual respect and dignity. Grounded in spiritual principles. Guidance for healing histories of abuse as well as struggles with substance abuse. Second graduate degree was in marriage and family therapy. Practice is very full. Prospective clients should phone for availability; EMAIL MESSAGES WILL RECEIVE NO RESPONSE.
(540) 847-2876 View (540) 847-2876
Photo of Maxi T. Trent, Pre-Licensed Professional in Lovingston, VA
Maxi T. Trent
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC , QHMP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Sandston, VA 23150
I have spent my entire career working to help make the lives of others better. From working with the victims of Hurricane Katrina to working and serving the homeless in Washington, DC. The majority of my life has been spent in the service of others. I graduated from Liberty University with a master’s in Professional Counseling and a Master of Arts in Human Services Counseling: Addiction and Treatment. I have learned to help effectively and efficiently those suffering from mental illness. I believe in treating the whole person, and sometimes that includes working with their families.
I have spent my entire career working to help make the lives of others better. From working with the victims of Hurricane Katrina to working and serving the homeless in Washington, DC. The majority of my life has been spent in the service of others. I graduated from Liberty University with a master’s in Professional Counseling and a Master of Arts in Human Services Counseling: Addiction and Treatment. I have learned to help effectively and efficiently those suffering from mental illness. I believe in treating the whole person, and sometimes that includes working with their families.
(757) 854-9390 View (757) 854-9390
Photo of Angela Marshall, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
Angela Marshall
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Roanoke, VA 24018
Hello, My name is Angela Marshall. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 6 years of clinical experience working with various issues and supporting clients with anxiety, depression, grief and loss, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, PTSD, and trauma. I gravitate towards utilizing Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Mindfulness-Based (MBCT), and Solution Focused Brief (SFBT) therapies during treatment. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and I don't believe in stigmatizing labels.
Hello, My name is Angela Marshall. I am a Licensed Professional Counselor with over 6 years of clinical experience working with various issues and supporting clients with anxiety, depression, grief and loss, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, PTSD, and trauma. I gravitate towards utilizing Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), Client-Centered Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Mindfulness-Based (MBCT), and Solution Focused Brief (SFBT) therapies during treatment. I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion, and I don't believe in stigmatizing labels.
(540) 924-3463 View (540) 924-3463
Photo of Blair S Caldwell, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lovingston, VA
Blair S Caldwell
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Richmond, VA 23238
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety and/or depression? Do feel like your life is out of control due to obsessions with food, alcohol or drugs? Do you have unwanted behaviors that you cannot seem to change? I believe that we all have the ability to heal from emotional pain and suffering and that we sometimes need a little help to do so. Through a variety of techniques, I can help you can adjust thought processes, decrease the intensity of emotions, change behaviors, learn new skills and begin to experience a sense of peace and balance in your life.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by anxiety and/or depression? Do feel like your life is out of control due to obsessions with food, alcohol or drugs? Do you have unwanted behaviors that you cannot seem to change? I believe that we all have the ability to heal from emotional pain and suffering and that we sometimes need a little help to do so. Through a variety of techniques, I can help you can adjust thought processes, decrease the intensity of emotions, change behaviors, learn new skills and begin to experience a sense of peace and balance in your life.
(804) 681-2317 View (804) 681-2317
Photo of Karis Callaway, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
Karis Callaway
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Lynchburg, VA 24503  (Online Only)
At times, we may find ourselves lost on the journey of life questioning who we are and how we got here. I would love to join with you on your path as we sort through what is and what may have been. I have found that as we sift through previous life experiences, the thoughts, feelings and beliefs that have been developed about the world, self and others tend to make sense. I hope that I can then provide a space to examine the roots of our life, honor these roots, and then integrate them into your current framework. It is one of my life's greatest honors to explore our stories and reprocess how they have impacted us.
At times, we may find ourselves lost on the journey of life questioning who we are and how we got here. I would love to join with you on your path as we sort through what is and what may have been. I have found that as we sift through previous life experiences, the thoughts, feelings and beliefs that have been developed about the world, self and others tend to make sense. I hope that I can then provide a space to examine the roots of our life, honor these roots, and then integrate them into your current framework. It is one of my life's greatest honors to explore our stories and reprocess how they have impacted us.
(434) 595-3625 View (434) 595-3625
Photo of Amani McCoy, Resident in Counseling in Lovingston, VA
Amani McCoy
Resident in Counseling, MEd, LPC-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Fredericksburg, VA 22401
If you have ever wondered about your next step or how to move on from the past, I'm here to help. Life can throw unexpected challenges our way, leading some of us to feel as though we are moving not forward, but in circles. If your goals are to better yourself and become a more self-actualized person, then you’ve taken a courageous first step by considering therapy.
If you have ever wondered about your next step or how to move on from the past, I'm here to help. Life can throw unexpected challenges our way, leading some of us to feel as though we are moving not forward, but in circles. If your goals are to better yourself and become a more self-actualized person, then you’ve taken a courageous first step by considering therapy.
(540) 296-2852 View (540) 296-2852
RVA Counseling Associates
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC , CSOTP
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112
Welcome! My name is Felicia. I have had the pleasure of mental health field since starting my career in 2005. During this time, I have had the opportunity to work with culturally diverse adolescents and adults of all ages, dealing with various life stressors and mental health concerns. I intentionally run a small private practice to provide a focused client-centered approach to support the journey of healing and balance. If your desire healing, authenticity, and balance to live your best life.
Welcome! My name is Felicia. I have had the pleasure of mental health field since starting my career in 2005. During this time, I have had the opportunity to work with culturally diverse adolescents and adults of all ages, dealing with various life stressors and mental health concerns. I intentionally run a small private practice to provide a focused client-centered approach to support the journey of healing and balance. If your desire healing, authenticity, and balance to live your best life.
(804) 492-7174 View (804) 492-7174
Photo of Elizabeth Fraser, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Lovingston, VA
Elizabeth Fraser
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Gainesville, VA 20155
Elizabeth B. Fraser (Betsy) obtained her Master's Degree in Social Work at George Mason University. Betsy believes in partnering with her clients to identify their own potential abilities and strengths in resolving their mental health concerns; to help them recognize their mental health challenges, and work to achieve their goals. Betsy is invested in an approach emphasizing an integrative, dynamic, and holistic approach to mental health, in her belief that there is no one aspect of an individual's life which cannot be improved upon in the search for increasing mental health well-being.
Elizabeth B. Fraser (Betsy) obtained her Master's Degree in Social Work at George Mason University. Betsy believes in partnering with her clients to identify their own potential abilities and strengths in resolving their mental health concerns; to help them recognize their mental health challenges, and work to achieve their goals. Betsy is invested in an approach emphasizing an integrative, dynamic, and holistic approach to mental health, in her belief that there is no one aspect of an individual's life which cannot be improved upon in the search for increasing mental health well-being.
(571) 601-4973 View (571) 601-4973
Douglass Robert Bloomfield
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23230
I have experience in treating those with anxiety disorders, and those in with sexual, internet, gaming, and alcohol and drug addictions.. I also have considerable experience in diagnosing and treating adult ADHD. As a licensed private pilot, I have successfully helped clients overcome a fear of flying.
I have experience in treating those with anxiety disorders, and those in with sexual, internet, gaming, and alcohol and drug addictions.. I also have considerable experience in diagnosing and treating adult ADHD. As a licensed private pilot, I have successfully helped clients overcome a fear of flying.
(804) 709-3894 View (804) 709-3894
Photo of Samuel Brown, Marriage & Family Therapist in Lovingston, VA
Samuel Brown
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMHP, LMFT, Licensd, Counslr
Verified Verified
Midlothian, VA 23112
EMPOWERING you for a "BRIGHTER" tomorrow! Yes! I provide INDIVIDUAL and MARRIAGE THERAPY to Adult clients IN PERSON and TELEHEALTH. Since 1994, my systemic training has enabled me to specialize in treating issues such as depression, anxiety, grief & loss, divorce/ separation, relationship, stage of life, motivation and family of origin issues. Psychotherapy is meant to address the roots of mental and emotional struggle. We will focus on the holistic aspect of your life to equip you to make the effective change you desire. Together we can explore your strengths and challenges, discovering what motivates you and helps you thrive.
EMPOWERING you for a "BRIGHTER" tomorrow! Yes! I provide INDIVIDUAL and MARRIAGE THERAPY to Adult clients IN PERSON and TELEHEALTH. Since 1994, my systemic training has enabled me to specialize in treating issues such as depression, anxiety, grief & loss, divorce/ separation, relationship, stage of life, motivation and family of origin issues. Psychotherapy is meant to address the roots of mental and emotional struggle. We will focus on the holistic aspect of your life to equip you to make the effective change you desire. Together we can explore your strengths and challenges, discovering what motivates you and helps you thrive.
(804) 977-0201 View (804) 977-0201
Photo of Blaine Atkisson, Licensed Professional Counselor in Lovingston, VA
Blaine Atkisson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Richmond, VA 23230
When thinking about emotional growth, I find it helpful to contrast it with physical growth. Developing into our full-grown physical selves is a fairly automatic process relying primarily upon biology. Our emotional growth however requires guidance and nurturing from caregivers to develop us into our full-grown emotional selves. For some of us, this emotional development was either missing or short circuited and we can find ourselves navigating a world of relationships and uncertainty without the emotional intelligence needed to recognize and understand our emotions, and to respond to those emotions in healthy and productive ways.
When thinking about emotional growth, I find it helpful to contrast it with physical growth. Developing into our full-grown physical selves is a fairly automatic process relying primarily upon biology. Our emotional growth however requires guidance and nurturing from caregivers to develop us into our full-grown emotional selves. For some of us, this emotional development was either missing or short circuited and we can find ourselves navigating a world of relationships and uncertainty without the emotional intelligence needed to recognize and understand our emotions, and to respond to those emotions in healthy and productive ways.
(804) 336-2804 View (804) 336-2804

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Lovingston, VA

< 10

Therapists in Lovingston, VA who prioritize treating:

100% Depression
100% Chronic Pain
100% Life Coaching
100% Grief
100% Parenting
100% Spirituality
100% Other

Top 3 insurances accepted

100% Aetna
100% BlueCross and BlueShield
100% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Lovingston, VA see their clients

100% Online Only

Gender breakdown

100% Female
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Lovingston?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.