Therapists in Spokane, WA

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Photo of Cassandra Nolan, Marriage & Family Therapist in Spokane, WA
Cassandra Nolan
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFTA
Verified Verified
Spokane, WA 99202
My name is Cassandra Nolan, and I am a Marriage and Family Therapist Associate. I enjoy working with individuals and couples of various age groups, backgrounds, and identities. I work with people who attend therapy for various reasons including depression, anxiety, relational difficulties, trauma, family concerns, stress, and life changes. I work through a systemic lens and integrate attachment work with techniques from various theoretical models. My goal is to offer a safe, non-judgmental space for my clients to identify and confront patterns in their lives that are not serving them.
My name is Cassandra Nolan, and I am a Marriage and Family Therapist Associate. I enjoy working with individuals and couples of various age groups, backgrounds, and identities. I work with people who attend therapy for various reasons including depression, anxiety, relational difficulties, trauma, family concerns, stress, and life changes. I work through a systemic lens and integrate attachment work with techniques from various theoretical models. My goal is to offer a safe, non-judgmental space for my clients to identify and confront patterns in their lives that are not serving them.
(509) 245-2748 View (509) 245-2748
Photo of Enhance Awareness Therapy, Counselor in Spokane, WA
Enhance Awareness Therapy
Counselor, LMHC, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Spokane, WA 99224  (Online Only)
Are you an adult that is experiencing disordered eating/Eating Disorder and ADHD and are wanting help? Supporting people who have this overlap is my specialty! I also successfully assist parents with ADHD or have ADHDers at home. Additionally, I successfully support people that experience Anxiety, Body Dysmorphia, Negative Body Image, Depression, Low Self-Worth, Chronic Pain/Illness, Auto-immunities, Invisible Differences, Nuerodiversities, and Highly Sensitive People (HSP). I believe in Body Respect and am HAES & Intuitive Eating aligned/flexible.
Are you an adult that is experiencing disordered eating/Eating Disorder and ADHD and are wanting help? Supporting people who have this overlap is my specialty! I also successfully assist parents with ADHD or have ADHDers at home. Additionally, I successfully support people that experience Anxiety, Body Dysmorphia, Negative Body Image, Depression, Low Self-Worth, Chronic Pain/Illness, Auto-immunities, Invisible Differences, Nuerodiversities, and Highly Sensitive People (HSP). I believe in Body Respect and am HAES & Intuitive Eating aligned/flexible.
(509) 773-8581 View (509) 773-8581
Photo of Dr. Amanda Kern, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Spokane, WA
Dr. Amanda Kern
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, DSW, LICSW, ICACDC, CDP, CST
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Spokane, WA 99207
You never imagined yourself in this position, and it is difficult to know where to turn and who can help. Trauma, addiction, divorce, blended family, and relationship dynamics impact everyone differently. You may be experiencing feeling overwhelmed and emotionally exhausted, questioning yourself, and losing direction. Together, we’ll focus on your overall well-being, not just the problems you bring to the table. Your experience and needs are unique, and your treatment should be individualized just for you.
You never imagined yourself in this position, and it is difficult to know where to turn and who can help. Trauma, addiction, divorce, blended family, and relationship dynamics impact everyone differently. You may be experiencing feeling overwhelmed and emotionally exhausted, questioning yourself, and losing direction. Together, we’ll focus on your overall well-being, not just the problems you bring to the table. Your experience and needs are unique, and your treatment should be individualized just for you.
(509) 240-8708 View (509) 240-8708
Photo of Nicholas B Lauderdale, Counselor in Spokane, WA
Nicholas B Lauderdale
Counselor, MS, LMHC
Verified Verified
Spokane, WA 99205  (Online Only)
Accepting New Clients! Reframing the way you think can be a life long process. My goal is help you change the way you look at yourself, life, goals, and even counseling. I take a more down to earth approach, and do my best to help relate therapeutic subject matter to a topic you can understand. I work to build a therapeutic alliance with you in order to meet your mental health needs and give you the tools necessary to improve your life. My areas of clinical focus are depression, anxiety, grief, life transitions (new job, or school transitions) and interpersonal communication between family, coworkers, and/or friends.
Accepting New Clients! Reframing the way you think can be a life long process. My goal is help you change the way you look at yourself, life, goals, and even counseling. I take a more down to earth approach, and do my best to help relate therapeutic subject matter to a topic you can understand. I work to build a therapeutic alliance with you in order to meet your mental health needs and give you the tools necessary to improve your life. My areas of clinical focus are depression, anxiety, grief, life transitions (new job, or school transitions) and interpersonal communication between family, coworkers, and/or friends.
(509) 402-1019 View (509) 402-1019
Photo of Cascadia Counseling PLLC, Counselor in Spokane, WA
Cascadia Counseling PLLC
Counselor, LMHCA
Verified Verified
Spokane, WA 99201
Not accepting new clients
As a mental health counselor, I believe that every individual has the capacity to grow, adapt, and thrive, regardless of their circumstances. I use a holistic approach to counseling, pulling from a variety of therapeutic theories tailored to your unique needs, values, and goals. I offer individual counseling, as well as couples counseling for those in neurodiverse relationships/friendships.
As a mental health counselor, I believe that every individual has the capacity to grow, adapt, and thrive, regardless of their circumstances. I use a holistic approach to counseling, pulling from a variety of therapeutic theories tailored to your unique needs, values, and goals. I offer individual counseling, as well as couples counseling for those in neurodiverse relationships/friendships.
(509) 652-2495 View (509) 652-2495
Photo of Christopher E Marks, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Spokane, WA
Christopher E Marks
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, LMFTA, LMHCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Spokane, WA 99218
Not accepting new clients
I am dedicated to providing compassionate and effective therapy to a diverse range of clients, including military veterans, teens, men, and couples. With a focus on treating anxiety and depression, PTSD, trauma, and relationship difficulties, I am committed to supporting individuals in their journey towards healing and personal growth. Before transitioning into my role as an LMFTA, I served with great honor and dedication in the US Air Force for over 20 years. In our therapeutic work together, I will guide you in examining the beliefs you hold about yourself or others that may be keeping you feeling stuck and unfulfilled.
I am dedicated to providing compassionate and effective therapy to a diverse range of clients, including military veterans, teens, men, and couples. With a focus on treating anxiety and depression, PTSD, trauma, and relationship difficulties, I am committed to supporting individuals in their journey towards healing and personal growth. Before transitioning into my role as an LMFTA, I served with great honor and dedication in the US Air Force for over 20 years. In our therapeutic work together, I will guide you in examining the beliefs you hold about yourself or others that may be keeping you feeling stuck and unfulfilled.
(509) 283-7148 View (509) 283-7148
Photo of Grant Cooper, Counselor in Spokane, WA
Grant Cooper
Counselor, MA, LMHCA, g
Verified Verified
Spokane, WA 99201  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I help people (men, women, LGBTQ+, 17-55 years of age) navigate anxiety, PTSD, trauma, ADHD, deinstitutionalization, or experiencing barriers and feeling stuck. I believe that mental health is a continuum where we can all exist anywhere at any time within it.
I help people (men, women, LGBTQ+, 17-55 years of age) navigate anxiety, PTSD, trauma, ADHD, deinstitutionalization, or experiencing barriers and feeling stuck. I believe that mental health is a continuum where we can all exist anywhere at any time within it.
(509) 790-6475 View (509) 790-6475
Photo of Myrna Judith Kaipov, Pre-Licensed Professional in Spokane, WA
Myrna Judith Kaipov
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Spokane, WA 99201  (Online Only)
Growing and learning never stops. If we are struggling with our daily living and need that acknowledgment, motivation or maybe feel that we are lonely in the process. Let's work together in discovering the best part of you.
Growing and learning never stops. If we are struggling with our daily living and need that acknowledgment, motivation or maybe feel that we are lonely in the process. Let's work together in discovering the best part of you.
(509) 401-8755 View (509) 401-8755
Photo of Amy C Corman, Counselor in Spokane, WA
Amy C Corman
Counselor, MS, LMHC, CMHS
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Spokane, WA 99201  (Online Only)
Are you experiencing a major change or stressor in your life? Are you having trouble making decisions or formulating a plan? Life has a way of confusing even the most well-laid plans. It can help to have someone there to listen, to accept and to help make sense out of the confusion. I want to help you clarify your goals and values so that you can overcome life's obstacles.
Are you experiencing a major change or stressor in your life? Are you having trouble making decisions or formulating a plan? Life has a way of confusing even the most well-laid plans. It can help to have someone there to listen, to accept and to help make sense out of the confusion. I want to help you clarify your goals and values so that you can overcome life's obstacles.
(509) 571-2740 View (509) 571-2740
Photo of Cathy Wines - Transformative Connections, PLLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Spokane, WA
Cathy Wines - Transformative Connections, PLLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Spokane, WA 99203
We can all benefit from a connection with another person who can help us navigate through life’s challenges. I believe that each one of us has an innate capacity to heal and grow. My therapeutic approach is non-judgmental, trauma-sensitive, and strengths-based. I promote a safe exploration of presenting concerns, past difficulties, and desired outcomes through a collaborative process individualized to each client. I have experience/training in helping others in a variety of areas – specializing in anxiety, trauma, and relationship challenges.
We can all benefit from a connection with another person who can help us navigate through life’s challenges. I believe that each one of us has an innate capacity to heal and grow. My therapeutic approach is non-judgmental, trauma-sensitive, and strengths-based. I promote a safe exploration of presenting concerns, past difficulties, and desired outcomes through a collaborative process individualized to each client. I have experience/training in helping others in a variety of areas – specializing in anxiety, trauma, and relationship challenges.
(509) 341-0571 View (509) 341-0571
Photo of Daily Life Counseling, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Spokane, WA
Daily Life Counseling
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
Spokane, WA 99201
Waitlist for new clients
It is in relationships that we experience healing and change. My goal is to provide a warm, non-judgmental space where you can feel understood, valued, and supported as we journey together in the work that you have decided to do. Taking the first step to reach out and ask for help can be difficult and finding the right person you can trust is crucial to improved mental wellness.
It is in relationships that we experience healing and change. My goal is to provide a warm, non-judgmental space where you can feel understood, valued, and supported as we journey together in the work that you have decided to do. Taking the first step to reach out and ask for help can be difficult and finding the right person you can trust is crucial to improved mental wellness.
(509) 253-1743 View (509) 253-1743
Photo of Teresa M. Eggleston, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Spokane, WA
Teresa M. Eggleston
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFTA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Spokane, WA 99207
Are you wanting to reclaim your authentic self? You want to be more in control of your anger and emotions, not be taken for a ride again and again. You "know better" yet are frustrated that you keep doing the same thing. Or maybe you're in a relationship that's disconnected and you want to revive the love and intimacy? These can be challenging issues to face alone. Unfortunately, many people learn to tune-out or dissociate in these situations, which can cause more difficulty and lead to feeling stuck or hopeless. I focus on integrative practices that address your mind, body, spirit and emotions - it's not all in your head.
Are you wanting to reclaim your authentic self? You want to be more in control of your anger and emotions, not be taken for a ride again and again. You "know better" yet are frustrated that you keep doing the same thing. Or maybe you're in a relationship that's disconnected and you want to revive the love and intimacy? These can be challenging issues to face alone. Unfortunately, many people learn to tune-out or dissociate in these situations, which can cause more difficulty and lead to feeling stuck or hopeless. I focus on integrative practices that address your mind, body, spirit and emotions - it's not all in your head.
(509) 902-6234 View (509) 902-6234
Photo of Hanna Emerson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Spokane, WA
Hanna Emerson
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMHCA
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Spokane, WA 99201  (Online Only)
Immediate availability! Relationships can be complicated. My goal is to help you build the skills to unlock more fulfilling connections with those you care about. Our work together will focus on helping you explore thoughts, emotions, patterns, memories, and limiting belief systems that may be impacting your relationships, even your relationship with yourself. Join me for individual, couples/polycules, or family sessions.
Immediate availability! Relationships can be complicated. My goal is to help you build the skills to unlock more fulfilling connections with those you care about. Our work together will focus on helping you explore thoughts, emotions, patterns, memories, and limiting belief systems that may be impacting your relationships, even your relationship with yourself. Join me for individual, couples/polycules, or family sessions.
(509) 550-7691 View (509) 550-7691
Photo of Cheryl Kay Wright, Counselor in Spokane, WA
Cheryl Kay Wright
Counselor, LMHC, SUDP, MAC, NCC, CGIP
Verified Verified
Spokane, WA 99223  (Online Only)
Cheryl Wright M.ED, LMHC, SUDP, NCC, MAC, I have been a therapist over 12 years working with individuals who are struggling with life. It may be mental health, addiction, grief or relationship issues. My goal is to help you begin a healing journey to a more balanced self. I believe we need someone to talk to who will listen, not judge and accept us where we are. I want you to have peace, hope and make the changes you desire. I use a variety of approaches including CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Trauma Focused Therapy and Reality Therapy. I believe everyone deserves the very best and I tailor my approach to meet your needs.
Cheryl Wright M.ED, LMHC, SUDP, NCC, MAC, I have been a therapist over 12 years working with individuals who are struggling with life. It may be mental health, addiction, grief or relationship issues. My goal is to help you begin a healing journey to a more balanced self. I believe we need someone to talk to who will listen, not judge and accept us where we are. I want you to have peace, hope and make the changes you desire. I use a variety of approaches including CBT, Motivational Interviewing, Trauma Focused Therapy and Reality Therapy. I believe everyone deserves the very best and I tailor my approach to meet your needs.
(509) 956-4891 View (509) 956-4891
Photo of Rebecca McManus, Counselor in Spokane, WA
Rebecca McManus
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Spokane, WA 99205
Waitlist for new clients
If you suffer from anxiety, depression, dissatisfying relationships, or a history of trauma, you are not alone. Whether you want to learn more about yourself, set goals, learn coping skills or just want someone to hold space for your emotions and thoughts, I'm here to help. I believe the therapeutic relationship is a major component to success. Our time together will be a safe place, grounded in empathy and non-judgment, where we can discuss your life's meaning, emotional well-being, relationships, and anything that's on your mind.
If you suffer from anxiety, depression, dissatisfying relationships, or a history of trauma, you are not alone. Whether you want to learn more about yourself, set goals, learn coping skills or just want someone to hold space for your emotions and thoughts, I'm here to help. I believe the therapeutic relationship is a major component to success. Our time together will be a safe place, grounded in empathy and non-judgment, where we can discuss your life's meaning, emotional well-being, relationships, and anything that's on your mind.
(509) 260-8608 View (509) 260-8608
Photo of Rubjoyt Singh, Counselor in Spokane, WA
Rubjoyt Singh
Counselor, MA, LMHC, MHP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Spokane, WA 99202  (Online Only)
Welcome to my page and congratulations on taking the first step towards investing in your well-being. I hope to hear from you. Human experiences such as anxiety, depression, grief and loss, life transitions, family of origin issues, relational issues, trauma, abuse, and neglect can often lead to feelings of being stuck, social isolation, struggles with meaning making and spirituality, unmet needs, lack of self-awareness, incongruence, and hopelessness. Counseling can be an amazing resource in such times because we all deserve to be heard and seen in a safe place.
Welcome to my page and congratulations on taking the first step towards investing in your well-being. I hope to hear from you. Human experiences such as anxiety, depression, grief and loss, life transitions, family of origin issues, relational issues, trauma, abuse, and neglect can often lead to feelings of being stuck, social isolation, struggles with meaning making and spirituality, unmet needs, lack of self-awareness, incongruence, and hopelessness. Counseling can be an amazing resource in such times because we all deserve to be heard and seen in a safe place.
(509) 584-4186 View (509) 584-4186
Photo of Less Than No More Counseling PLLC, Counselor in Spokane, WA
Less Than No More Counseling PLLC
Counselor, M Ed, LMHC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Spokane, WA 99201
Hello, friend. My name is Steve Donovan. Odds are if you are reading this, you are looking to address something that may be troubling you. I would consider it an honor to walk alongside you on that journey. In my ten years as a therapist, I’ve heard people speak about several beliefs about self that ranged from unhelpful to downright harmful. Do you struggle with thoughts of low self-esteem or feelings that you are somehow not enough? Do you have intrusive thoughts which undermine your confidence? I would love to work with you.
Hello, friend. My name is Steve Donovan. Odds are if you are reading this, you are looking to address something that may be troubling you. I would consider it an honor to walk alongside you on that journey. In my ten years as a therapist, I’ve heard people speak about several beliefs about self that ranged from unhelpful to downright harmful. Do you struggle with thoughts of low self-esteem or feelings that you are somehow not enough? Do you have intrusive thoughts which undermine your confidence? I would love to work with you.
(509) 584-3090 View (509) 584-3090
Photo of Mindful Therapy Group , Counselor in Spokane, WA
Mindful Therapy Group
Counselor, LICSW
Verified Verified
Spokane, WA 99201
Mindful Therapy Group is a diverse group of over 900 independent mental health practitioners serving Washington and Oregon. Each licensed mental health professional that is a member of Mindful Therapy Group is a separate, independent business. Providers that are members of Mindful Therapy Group receive support with administrative tasks, insurance billing, client placement, and more, so they can focus on providing the best care to their clients. As a client, you can expect the highest quality administrative services, warm and professional offices, and a seamless Telehealth experience while receiving care from your provider.
Mindful Therapy Group is a diverse group of over 900 independent mental health practitioners serving Washington and Oregon. Each licensed mental health professional that is a member of Mindful Therapy Group is a separate, independent business. Providers that are members of Mindful Therapy Group receive support with administrative tasks, insurance billing, client placement, and more, so they can focus on providing the best care to their clients. As a client, you can expect the highest quality administrative services, warm and professional offices, and a seamless Telehealth experience while receiving care from your provider.
(509) 612-7365 View (509) 612-7365
Photo of Jacqui Nelson, Counselor in Spokane, WA
Jacqui Nelson
Counselor, MA, LMHC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Spokane, WA 99205
I believe that we are harmed in relationships and we heal in relationships. I approach therapy from a deeply relational space where everything that's occurring therapeutically is happening between us. Despite what problems or challenges you're facing, I invite you to show up authentically. I believe that as we enter into your story we together will attend to the various themes and patterns of your life, to listen to what's sitting below the surface of your unconscious, and to be present to the here and now of your emotional experiences. I believe in deep emotional work rather than just behavioral interventions.
I believe that we are harmed in relationships and we heal in relationships. I approach therapy from a deeply relational space where everything that's occurring therapeutically is happening between us. Despite what problems or challenges you're facing, I invite you to show up authentically. I believe that as we enter into your story we together will attend to the various themes and patterns of your life, to listen to what's sitting below the surface of your unconscious, and to be present to the here and now of your emotional experiences. I believe in deep emotional work rather than just behavioral interventions.
(509) 517-7320 View (509) 517-7320
Photo of Emma Schilling, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Spokane, WA
Emma Schilling
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, LMFTA
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Spokane, WA 99218
Hi! I’m Emma. I'm so glad you’re here. I am deeply passionate about people and their stories. Sometimes we crave a safe space where we can share our hardship, pain, joy, change, and challenge. I love getting to provide that for people. I believe in welcoming my clients with compassion, affirmation, no judgment, and no criticism. As a therapist I am warm, encouraging, and curious. It's my job and hope to get to know you, and your story. For our entire time together I work alongside you with your best interests in mind. I want to help you build lifestyles, relationships, and goals that feel achievable and authentic.
Hi! I’m Emma. I'm so glad you’re here. I am deeply passionate about people and their stories. Sometimes we crave a safe space where we can share our hardship, pain, joy, change, and challenge. I love getting to provide that for people. I believe in welcoming my clients with compassion, affirmation, no judgment, and no criticism. As a therapist I am warm, encouraging, and curious. It's my job and hope to get to know you, and your story. For our entire time together I work alongside you with your best interests in mind. I want to help you build lifestyles, relationships, and goals that feel achievable and authentic.
(509) 257-4836 View (509) 257-4836

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Spokane, WA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$135

Therapists in Spokane, WA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
77% Self Esteem
75% Trauma and PTSD
73% Relationship Issues
73% Stress
71% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

8 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Premera
71% Aetna
58% Regence

How Therapists in Spokane, WA see their clients

52% In Person and Online
48% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
19% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Spokane?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.