Therapists in Santa Ana, CA

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Photo of Shannon Kilgore-Acker, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Ana, CA
Shannon Kilgore-Acker
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Ana, CA 92705
In person available........ Find the happiness you deserve: Holistic and mindfulness based approach. My specialties are; finding yourself again, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, self-harm, addiction, trauma, life transitions, and abuse (domestic, childhood & sexual). Find a new perspective of life. My goal is to provide you a safe and confidential space to help you learn coping skills to utilize in moments of stress helping you manage life easier. Also, helping people find ways to reduce the effects of stress, anxiety, depression and other issues that plague us on a daily basis.
In person available........ Find the happiness you deserve: Holistic and mindfulness based approach. My specialties are; finding yourself again, relationship issues, depression, anxiety, self-harm, addiction, trauma, life transitions, and abuse (domestic, childhood & sexual). Find a new perspective of life. My goal is to provide you a safe and confidential space to help you learn coping skills to utilize in moments of stress helping you manage life easier. Also, helping people find ways to reduce the effects of stress, anxiety, depression and other issues that plague us on a daily basis.
(657) 444-6713 View (657) 444-6713
Photo of Karla Mazariego Garcia, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Santa Ana, CA
Karla Mazariego Garcia
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Santa Ana, CA 92707
Hola! Hello! I am Karla Mazariego and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who truly believes in the power of healing through various healthy methods of support including mental health therapy. I have earn my Master's in Social Work at the University of Southern California and a total of 9 years in the mental health field. I have worked in various sectors of the mental health field including foster care, drug court, outpatient mental health, college counseling, and K-12 schools. My past experience has prepared me to become a therapist through a trauma and culture sensitive lens.
Hola! Hello! I am Karla Mazariego and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who truly believes in the power of healing through various healthy methods of support including mental health therapy. I have earn my Master's in Social Work at the University of Southern California and a total of 9 years in the mental health field. I have worked in various sectors of the mental health field including foster care, drug court, outpatient mental health, college counseling, and K-12 schools. My past experience has prepared me to become a therapist through a trauma and culture sensitive lens.
(949) 694-8493 View (949) 694-8493
Photo of Daniela Gomez - Garcia, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Santa Ana, CA
Daniela Gomez - Garcia
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Ana, CA 92705  (Online Only)
Everyone is different, we learn to accept ourselves in different ways as well as our situations. By being able to accept yourself and who you have the potential to be and learning how to cope with stressors, trauma, history, current passing, among other things as well can help you begin your road to understanding them. I use a strength base along with existential and client centered approach that allows me to create treatment plans geared towards each individual client.
Everyone is different, we learn to accept ourselves in different ways as well as our situations. By being able to accept yourself and who you have the potential to be and learning how to cope with stressors, trauma, history, current passing, among other things as well can help you begin your road to understanding them. I use a strength base along with existential and client centered approach that allows me to create treatment plans geared towards each individual client.
(714) 563-4122 View (714) 563-4122
Photo of Rebecca Gomez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Ana, CA
Rebecca Gomez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Ana, CA 92703
Hi, everyone! Let me start by introducing myself, my name is Rebecca Gomez, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I provide individual therapy to adult clients who reside within the state of California. My focus is working with individuals who struggle with anxiety, depression, stress, low self-esteem, and any life event or situation that they believe is negatively impacting their current level of functioning.
Hi, everyone! Let me start by introducing myself, my name is Rebecca Gomez, and I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I provide individual therapy to adult clients who reside within the state of California. My focus is working with individuals who struggle with anxiety, depression, stress, low self-esteem, and any life event or situation that they believe is negatively impacting their current level of functioning.
(657) 837-2977 View (657) 837-2977
Photo of Lorraine Ibold, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Santa Ana, CA
Lorraine Ibold
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Santa Ana, CA 92705
Lorraine Ibold, LCSW knows how to compassionately guide her clients struggles in order to help them reach the state of personal inner strength. She is dedicated to empowering her clients and helping them to make their own decisions at their own pace. She offers over 25 years of clinical experience, which has included providing individual, couple, family and group therapy. She has expertise in working with juveniles, family law court and the criminal justice system. She has additional skills in geriatrics and the Healthcare System. Her knowledge about Healthcare systems and Long Term Care has allowed her to assist families.
Lorraine Ibold, LCSW knows how to compassionately guide her clients struggles in order to help them reach the state of personal inner strength. She is dedicated to empowering her clients and helping them to make their own decisions at their own pace. She offers over 25 years of clinical experience, which has included providing individual, couple, family and group therapy. She has expertise in working with juveniles, family law court and the criminal justice system. She has additional skills in geriatrics and the Healthcare System. Her knowledge about Healthcare systems and Long Term Care has allowed her to assist families.
(714) 902-6108 View (714) 902-6108
Photo of Amelia Argueta, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Ana, CA
Amelia Argueta
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Ana, CA 92707
My name is Amelia A. Alonso, and I am a licensed Marriage Family Therapist. I enjoy working with all populations, from adults to children. I focus on providing my Client with a nonjudgmental, safe place. I utilize mindfulness and communication skills to help my clients thrive and improve interpersonal relationships. I am bilingual and am open to doing sessions in Spanish. Much of my experience consists of Clients suffering from anxiety and depression, along with high risk and PTSD. I enjoy seeing couples and doing play therapy with Children of all ages.
My name is Amelia A. Alonso, and I am a licensed Marriage Family Therapist. I enjoy working with all populations, from adults to children. I focus on providing my Client with a nonjudgmental, safe place. I utilize mindfulness and communication skills to help my clients thrive and improve interpersonal relationships. I am bilingual and am open to doing sessions in Spanish. Much of my experience consists of Clients suffering from anxiety and depression, along with high risk and PTSD. I enjoy seeing couples and doing play therapy with Children of all ages.
(949) 990-6938 View (949) 990-6938
Photo of Thom Frank Cavalli, Psychologist in Santa Ana, CA
Thom Frank Cavalli
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Santa Ana, CA 92705
People come to therapy because they hurt and they think they've exhausted all other means of feeling better. The decision to get professional help is not an easy one, but as I've learned over 40 years of experience, people have remarkable, untapped abilities to change. I offer a direct, active and effective way of facilitating YOUR own healing. Insight is measured by behavior change! Whether dealing with work stress, marital conflict, depression, anxiety, panic or an addiction, therapy aims at putting an end to old habits and creating new, healthy behaviors and communication.
People come to therapy because they hurt and they think they've exhausted all other means of feeling better. The decision to get professional help is not an easy one, but as I've learned over 40 years of experience, people have remarkable, untapped abilities to change. I offer a direct, active and effective way of facilitating YOUR own healing. Insight is measured by behavior change! Whether dealing with work stress, marital conflict, depression, anxiety, panic or an addiction, therapy aims at putting an end to old habits and creating new, healthy behaviors and communication.
(714) 752-0848 View (714) 752-0848
Photo of Christine Downing, Counselor in Santa Ana, CA
Christine Downing
Counselor, MA, LPCC, APTT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Ana, CA 92701
I am dedicated to creating a nurturing and empowering space where you can freely share your story and tackle life's challenges. My goal is to help you rebuild a strong connection with yourself, especially after facing difficult times. Throughout our therapeutic journey, I will support and empower you, focusing on self-awareness, understanding your past experiences, and developing skills for healthy relationships and emotional well-being.
I am dedicated to creating a nurturing and empowering space where you can freely share your story and tackle life's challenges. My goal is to help you rebuild a strong connection with yourself, especially after facing difficult times. Throughout our therapeutic journey, I will support and empower you, focusing on self-awareness, understanding your past experiences, and developing skills for healthy relationships and emotional well-being.
(714) 908-7330 View (714) 908-7330
Photo of Teri Wright Budner, Psychologist in Santa Ana, CA
Teri Wright Budner
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Santa Ana, CA 92706
Not accepting new clients
To me, psychotherapy isn't about being SICK; it's about being BETTER. It's about getting out of your own way. It's about not taking responsibility for things you can't control, and about owning your own thoughts and feelings. It's about being able to tell the difference between logical thoughts and irrational feelings. Therapy offers no guarantees, but offers an opportunity to understand and be understood.
To me, psychotherapy isn't about being SICK; it's about being BETTER. It's about getting out of your own way. It's about not taking responsibility for things you can't control, and about owning your own thoughts and feelings. It's about being able to tell the difference between logical thoughts and irrational feelings. Therapy offers no guarantees, but offers an opportunity to understand and be understood.
(657) 301-3351 View (657) 301-3351
Photo of Andrea Godoy-Orantes, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Ana, CA
Andrea Godoy-Orantes
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Ana, CA 92701
Are you wanting to be heard, understood, and validated by a compassionate, culturally sensitive, and bilingual professional experienced at working with Latino, Hispanic, & American cultures? Look no further. I am here for you and dedicated to helping individuals overcome traumas and obstacles, build upon their strengths, and create a sense of safety. We can work on your goals together in English or in Spanish.
Are you wanting to be heard, understood, and validated by a compassionate, culturally sensitive, and bilingual professional experienced at working with Latino, Hispanic, & American cultures? Look no further. I am here for you and dedicated to helping individuals overcome traumas and obstacles, build upon their strengths, and create a sense of safety. We can work on your goals together in English or in Spanish.
(657) 214-7238 View (657) 214-7238
Photo of Amber Smith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Ana, CA
Amber Smith
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Ana, CA 92705
I’m not perfect, but I do practice what I preach. I’m here because I found it difficult to find the help I needed, and I hope my presence makes it easier for those in need now.
I’m not perfect, but I do practice what I preach. I’m here because I found it difficult to find the help I needed, and I hope my presence makes it easier for those in need now.
(949) 386-7085 View (949) 386-7085
Photo of Sula Goldenberg, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Ana, CA
Sula Goldenberg
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Ana, CA 92701
All your feelings are legitimate and you have the right to feel them. Allow me to help you understand, process and transform your emotions so that you can grow and develop into a healthier and more joyful YOU. Whether you struggle with interpersonal relationships, being chronically anxious, depressed or with the challenges of parenting -I can help. I work with elders, adults, young adults, and also families, building on strengths and helping you work through challenges and stressors of life. Together we will work not only on alleviating your symptoms but also on unearthing and processing the deeper sources of your distress.
All your feelings are legitimate and you have the right to feel them. Allow me to help you understand, process and transform your emotions so that you can grow and develop into a healthier and more joyful YOU. Whether you struggle with interpersonal relationships, being chronically anxious, depressed or with the challenges of parenting -I can help. I work with elders, adults, young adults, and also families, building on strengths and helping you work through challenges and stressors of life. Together we will work not only on alleviating your symptoms but also on unearthing and processing the deeper sources of your distress.
(657) 301-3520 View (657) 301-3520
Photo of Justin McArdle, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Santa Ana, CA
Justin McArdle
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Ana, CA 92701
I am glad you are here! It can take time to share one’s feelings or identify them, and I create a safe environment that allows my clients to express themselves, feel, connect, and grow in self-awareness. Working alongside anyone seeking healing and growth is a gift and privilege. If you are looking for someone who can walk alongside you and help process what lies beneath the surface, I would be honored to be that person. For those interested in utilizing EMDR to recover from trauma or difficult experiences, I am EMDR-trained through EMDRIA.
I am glad you are here! It can take time to share one’s feelings or identify them, and I create a safe environment that allows my clients to express themselves, feel, connect, and grow in self-awareness. Working alongside anyone seeking healing and growth is a gift and privilege. If you are looking for someone who can walk alongside you and help process what lies beneath the surface, I would be honored to be that person. For those interested in utilizing EMDR to recover from trauma or difficult experiences, I am EMDR-trained through EMDRIA.
(714) 559-3404 x14 View (714) 559-3404 x14
Photo of Priscilla Dominguez-Mucciaccio, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Ana, CA
Priscilla Dominguez-Mucciaccio
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Ana, CA 92701
Hi, I'm Priscilla. I'm so glad you found me! I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California and I offer individual, couple, and EMDR/trauma therapy. This wasn't an easy decision for you, and I'm sure you've thought about it for a while. It takes courage to do what you're doing and I'm proud of you. My goal is to give YOU the tools to help make your life a better and more fulfilled one! I enjoy working with motivated individuals. You may not know what you want or how to get it when it comes to your mental health, but as long as you're open to trying I'm here for it!
Hi, I'm Priscilla. I'm so glad you found me! I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist in California and I offer individual, couple, and EMDR/trauma therapy. This wasn't an easy decision for you, and I'm sure you've thought about it for a while. It takes courage to do what you're doing and I'm proud of you. My goal is to give YOU the tools to help make your life a better and more fulfilled one! I enjoy working with motivated individuals. You may not know what you want or how to get it when it comes to your mental health, but as long as you're open to trying I'm here for it!
(657) 837-1728 View (657) 837-1728
Photo of Dr. Annahita Mahdavi West, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Santa Ana, CA
Dr. Annahita Mahdavi West
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, PhD , AMFT, CATC-V
Verified Verified
Santa Ana, CA 92705  (Online Only)
I work in a nonprofit agency that offers low-fee/sliding scale therapy. I approach this field of psychotherapy as a sacred space. A space of human connectivity. A space safe and free of judgments and biases. I attempt to provide the utmost empathy and a safe space for my clients to be able to address the issues they need help with. I believe in being solution-focused while addressing the underlying causes of repetitive patterns in order to stop the self-destructive cycles that produce unfavorable results. My goal is to help you to change your behavior to promote positive outcomes towards your mental and emotional wellbeing.
I work in a nonprofit agency that offers low-fee/sliding scale therapy. I approach this field of psychotherapy as a sacred space. A space of human connectivity. A space safe and free of judgments and biases. I attempt to provide the utmost empathy and a safe space for my clients to be able to address the issues they need help with. I believe in being solution-focused while addressing the underlying causes of repetitive patterns in order to stop the self-destructive cycles that produce unfavorable results. My goal is to help you to change your behavior to promote positive outcomes towards your mental and emotional wellbeing.
(949) 625-0572 View (949) 625-0572
Photo of John Whittington, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Ana, CA
John Whittington
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Ana, CA 92705
For the last 16 years I have loved assisting others. Every person has intrinsic value, you have intrinsic value - that is worth rediscovering and celebrating. I believe every person has the right to a fulfilling, purposeful, and satisfying life. Sometimes events in life may have caused self doubts due to traumatic events or loss that can steal happiness and connection, or a sense of feeling unworthy of love. I truly enjoy listening and talking with you individually, as a couple, or a family, I'm honored to join with you in your journey of growth and the new possibilities of a fulfilling and connected life.
For the last 16 years I have loved assisting others. Every person has intrinsic value, you have intrinsic value - that is worth rediscovering and celebrating. I believe every person has the right to a fulfilling, purposeful, and satisfying life. Sometimes events in life may have caused self doubts due to traumatic events or loss that can steal happiness and connection, or a sense of feeling unworthy of love. I truly enjoy listening and talking with you individually, as a couple, or a family, I'm honored to join with you in your journey of growth and the new possibilities of a fulfilling and connected life.
(949) 281-7002 View (949) 281-7002
Photo of Joy Rufener, Counselor in Santa Ana, CA
Joy Rufener
Counselor, MA, LMHC, LPCC
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Santa Ana, CA 92701
Is life feeling like too much to handle alone lately? Are you feeling stuck or hopeless? Do you struggle to prioritize yourself or even know who you are or what you want? You are not alone. This non-judgmental space has been created for you to unload your burden. You will be listened to, believed in, acknowledged, and seen. You will be welcomed. You are invited to create this space for yourself. Together we will embark on a journey toward emotional healing and wholeness, exploring mind, body, and spirit.
Is life feeling like too much to handle alone lately? Are you feeling stuck or hopeless? Do you struggle to prioritize yourself or even know who you are or what you want? You are not alone. This non-judgmental space has been created for you to unload your burden. You will be listened to, believed in, acknowledged, and seen. You will be welcomed. You are invited to create this space for yourself. Together we will embark on a journey toward emotional healing and wholeness, exploring mind, body, and spirit.
(562) 553-8905 View (562) 553-8905
Photo of Joseph Edward Marquez, Psychologist in Santa Ana, CA
Joseph Edward Marquez
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Santa Ana, CA 92701
I am a bilingual (English and Spanish) licensed clinical psychologist in the state of California. I have been fortunate enough to help individuals from diverse cultural, sexual, religious, and ethnic backgrounds in their mental health recovery. My training has allowed me to develop a caring and collaborative approach to interventions and has exposed me to some of the most cutting-edge research-informed practices. I truly enjoy bringing the best of people back into their lives regardless of their age, identity, and cultural background.
I am a bilingual (English and Spanish) licensed clinical psychologist in the state of California. I have been fortunate enough to help individuals from diverse cultural, sexual, religious, and ethnic backgrounds in their mental health recovery. My training has allowed me to develop a caring and collaborative approach to interventions and has exposed me to some of the most cutting-edge research-informed practices. I truly enjoy bringing the best of people back into their lives regardless of their age, identity, and cultural background.
(714) 786-3758 View (714) 786-3758
Photo of Spencer Behmlander, Pre-Licensed Professional in Santa Ana, CA
Spencer Behmlander
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, APCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Santa Ana, CA 92701
Hi there! I'm Spencer and I specialize in working with people who struggle with anxiety, depression, addictions, relationship issues, walking through pain, vocational issues, and making sense of the story that they are living. I am a follower of Jesus and I welcome spiritual integration into the therapeutic process, if that's desired by the client. I have a passion to see others experience life at its deepest and become the fully integrated people they were created to be. I also work in pastoral and worship ministry at a local Christian church.
Hi there! I'm Spencer and I specialize in working with people who struggle with anxiety, depression, addictions, relationship issues, walking through pain, vocational issues, and making sense of the story that they are living. I am a follower of Jesus and I welcome spiritual integration into the therapeutic process, if that's desired by the client. I have a passion to see others experience life at its deepest and become the fully integrated people they were created to be. I also work in pastoral and worship ministry at a local Christian church.
(714) 586-8169 View (714) 586-8169
Photo of Heather Rink-Rosas, Marriage & Family Therapist in Santa Ana, CA
Heather Rink-Rosas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Santa Ana, CA 92704
Hello there, I'm Heather :) I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and am licensed in California with 16 years of professional work experience. I am enthusiastic about the therapeutic process, and I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. My theoretical orientation can be described as eclectic, using techniques from various models of therapy as deemed appropriate for the current treatment and client. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Taking the first step to sign up for therapy can take courage and I am proud of you for getting started!
Hello there, I'm Heather :) I am a Licensed Marriage & Family Therapist and am licensed in California with 16 years of professional work experience. I am enthusiastic about the therapeutic process, and I believe in treating everyone with respect, sensitivity, and compassion. My theoretical orientation can be described as eclectic, using techniques from various models of therapy as deemed appropriate for the current treatment and client. I will tailor our dialog and treatment plan to meet your unique and specific needs. Taking the first step to sign up for therapy can take courage and I am proud of you for getting started!
(714) 872-8426 View (714) 872-8426

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Santa Ana, CA

500+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Santa Ana, CA who prioritize treating:

96% Anxiety
93% Depression
72% Relationship Issues
71% Coping Skills
69% Self Esteem
65% Grief
62% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

89% Cigna and Evernorth
80% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
78% Aetna

How Therapists in Santa Ana, CA see their clients

85% In Person and Online
15% Online Only

Gender breakdown

77% Female
22% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Santa Ana?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.