Therapists in Encinitas, CA

Photo of Abhimanyu 'abhi' Ardagh, Marriage & Family Therapist Intern in Encinitas, CA
Abhimanyu 'abhi' Ardagh
Marriage & Family Therapist Intern
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
Axis Mundi would like to present Abhi Ardagh, a Marriage and Family Therapist Trainee, supervised by Elysha Martinez, LMFT 93493. The supervisor works with Abhi to help develop clinical skills and ensure that they provide quality care to you. In today’s fast-paced world, many struggle with self-identity amid societal pressures, leading to dissatisfaction. Often, prioritizing others over oneself affects deep connections. I guide individuals, especially young adults, through self-discovery and growth. My focus is on identity, relationships, and resilience, aiding in a journey towards true self-awareness and a fulfilling life.
Axis Mundi would like to present Abhi Ardagh, a Marriage and Family Therapist Trainee, supervised by Elysha Martinez, LMFT 93493. The supervisor works with Abhi to help develop clinical skills and ensure that they provide quality care to you. In today’s fast-paced world, many struggle with self-identity amid societal pressures, leading to dissatisfaction. Often, prioritizing others over oneself affects deep connections. I guide individuals, especially young adults, through self-discovery and growth. My focus is on identity, relationships, and resilience, aiding in a journey towards true self-awareness and a fulfilling life.
(760) 849-4390 View (760) 849-4390
Photo of Katya Gaynor Lovejoy in Encinitas, CA
Katya Gaynor Lovejoy
MSW, CCHt, RYT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
Have you tried traditional talk therapy and felt like something was missing? Did it seem like you were talking in circles, or reached a plateau? Did it feel too rigid or surface level? Many clients come to me after having done traditional talk therapy and now they want to go deeper. So many issues like codependency, addiction, and persistent anxiety and depression are rooted in subconscious beliefs and patterns rooted in childhood pain. My work is unique because we address your subconscious mind and nervous system, in addition to cognitive process, to help you heal the past in order to move forward.
Have you tried traditional talk therapy and felt like something was missing? Did it seem like you were talking in circles, or reached a plateau? Did it feel too rigid or surface level? Many clients come to me after having done traditional talk therapy and now they want to go deeper. So many issues like codependency, addiction, and persistent anxiety and depression are rooted in subconscious beliefs and patterns rooted in childhood pain. My work is unique because we address your subconscious mind and nervous system, in addition to cognitive process, to help you heal the past in order to move forward.
(760) 437-2384 View (760) 437-2384
Photo of Anna Louise Nelson, Psychological Associate in Encinitas, CA
Anna Louise Nelson
Psychological Associate
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Are you feeling stuck or desperate? Do you feel like there is something blocking you from moving forward in life? My hope is that clients leave therapy knowing their strengths and having the tools to tackle future challenges. Whether that is to empower them to find new solutions to old problems, a better way of managing their anxiety or depression; or a whole new way of being in relationships. We all need to feel empowered in our own lives but often find road blocks that keep us from reaching our potential.
Are you feeling stuck or desperate? Do you feel like there is something blocking you from moving forward in life? My hope is that clients leave therapy knowing their strengths and having the tools to tackle future challenges. Whether that is to empower them to find new solutions to old problems, a better way of managing their anxiety or depression; or a whole new way of being in relationships. We all need to feel empowered in our own lives but often find road blocks that keep us from reaching our potential.
(760) 819-7197 View (760) 819-7197
Photo of Monica Melchor Alvarez, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in Encinitas, CA
Monica Melchor Alvarez
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Taking the first step to seek support and find healing can be incredibly challenging. I want to validate the fact that you have made it this far! In this space, you belong, and I am here to listen, to guide and support you. Building a healthy and positive relationship with my clients is an important key to therapy. The space that we create is one that will allow for identity exploration, growth and aid in developing a healthy relationship with yourself and those around you. My approach to therapy is through a strength-based, client-centered and trauma-informed lens.
Taking the first step to seek support and find healing can be incredibly challenging. I want to validate the fact that you have made it this far! In this space, you belong, and I am here to listen, to guide and support you. Building a healthy and positive relationship with my clients is an important key to therapy. The space that we create is one that will allow for identity exploration, growth and aid in developing a healthy relationship with yourself and those around you. My approach to therapy is through a strength-based, client-centered and trauma-informed lens.
(760) 452-9845 View (760) 452-9845
Photo of Ava Shakib, Associate Clinical Social Worker in Encinitas, CA
Ava Shakib
Associate Clinical Social Worker, ASW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
I help you assess your relationships and surroundings, to help make life feel more pleasurable, manageable, and fulfilling. Together we'll work to expand your support systems, explore your values, and find your voice. I value your personal histories, cultures, and social environments and prioritize this while we explore your mental, physical, and sexual well-being together.
I help you assess your relationships and surroundings, to help make life feel more pleasurable, manageable, and fulfilling. Together we'll work to expand your support systems, explore your values, and find your voice. I value your personal histories, cultures, and social environments and prioritize this while we explore your mental, physical, and sexual well-being together.
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Photo of Lisa Obermeit Neuropsychology Neuropsychologist, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Lisa Obermeit Neuropsychology Neuropsychologist
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
It is so lovely to see you here. Congratulations on taking the first (and sometimes hardest) step in improving your mental health and quality of life! I am a neuropsychologist, which means I specialize in the evaluation & diagnosis of brain disorders. In other words, I can help answer questions such as "Do I have memory difficulties...ADHD, a learning disorder, dementia, or brain changes from a head injury or other illness?" or "How can I improve my organization or memory while dealing with symptoms of my diagnosis such as ADHD or a stroke".
It is so lovely to see you here. Congratulations on taking the first (and sometimes hardest) step in improving your mental health and quality of life! I am a neuropsychologist, which means I specialize in the evaluation & diagnosis of brain disorders. In other words, I can help answer questions such as "Do I have memory difficulties...ADHD, a learning disorder, dementia, or brain changes from a head injury or other illness?" or "How can I improve my organization or memory while dealing with symptoms of my diagnosis such as ADHD or a stroke".
(760) 313-7829 View (760) 313-7829
Photo of Tiffany Liz Rudashevsky, Pre-Licensed Professional in Encinitas, CA
Tiffany Liz Rudashevsky
Pre-Licensed Professional, BA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
My passion as a therapist is to help people feel less misunderstood and more empowered, less stifled and more fully themselves. I use a mindfulness-focused, strengths-based approach to help people get to the root of their problems and untangle subconscious conditioning that no longer serves them. Healing is an ongoing journey of becoming conscious of the parts of ourselves we often resist meeting. Together we will dive deep to address the symptoms and patterns that arose as coping mechanisms formed in early childhood development that may be preventing you from experiencing life to your fullest potential.
My passion as a therapist is to help people feel less misunderstood and more empowered, less stifled and more fully themselves. I use a mindfulness-focused, strengths-based approach to help people get to the root of their problems and untangle subconscious conditioning that no longer serves them. Healing is an ongoing journey of becoming conscious of the parts of ourselves we often resist meeting. Together we will dive deep to address the symptoms and patterns that arose as coping mechanisms formed in early childhood development that may be preventing you from experiencing life to your fullest potential.
(760) 227-5082 View (760) 227-5082
Photo of Kevin Murphy, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Kevin Murphy
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
Relying on more than 15 years of clinical experience, I treat depression, anxiety, and addictions, among other issues. While I utilize evidence-based treatments, I practice from a client-centered perspective. My approach rests on compassion, as I fundamentally practice from a humanistic slant. I go to great lengths to avoid the type of stigmatizing language that especially plagues the addiction industry. There are no "addicts."
Relying on more than 15 years of clinical experience, I treat depression, anxiety, and addictions, among other issues. While I utilize evidence-based treatments, I practice from a client-centered perspective. My approach rests on compassion, as I fundamentally practice from a humanistic slant. I go to great lengths to avoid the type of stigmatizing language that especially plagues the addiction industry. There are no "addicts."
(858) 346-5943 View (858) 346-5943
Photo of Andrew L. Stinson, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Andrew L. Stinson
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Thank you for visiting my Psychology Today profile. I am a licensed clinical psychologist serving the greater San Diego area. I work primarily with those experiencing stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trauma, grief/loss, and life transitions. I employ an eclectic therapeutic approach drawing upon a number of different healing modalities and traditions to fit your unique circumstances. I provide a safe, warm, supportive, and collaborative environment to help you achieve your goals.
Thank you for visiting my Psychology Today profile. I am a licensed clinical psychologist serving the greater San Diego area. I work primarily with those experiencing stress, anxiety, depression, relationship issues, trauma, grief/loss, and life transitions. I employ an eclectic therapeutic approach drawing upon a number of different healing modalities and traditions to fit your unique circumstances. I provide a safe, warm, supportive, and collaborative environment to help you achieve your goals.
(858) 465-7981 View (858) 465-7981
Photo of Rachel Porfirio Kelley, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Rachel Porfirio Kelley
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
I AM CURRENTLY ONLY AVAILABLE FOR TELEHEALTH. My training goes beyond traditional talk therapy and encompasses Play Therapy for children; Somatic Experiencing Training and the Neuro Affective Relational Model (NARM) for teens and adults that enables people to get to the root of their disconnection so that they can feel more alive and connected to themselves. I utilize these specialized trainings in both play therapy and trauma resolution to resolve concerns such as: family stress, divorce, relational trauma, discipline and behavioral problems, and anxiety.
I AM CURRENTLY ONLY AVAILABLE FOR TELEHEALTH. My training goes beyond traditional talk therapy and encompasses Play Therapy for children; Somatic Experiencing Training and the Neuro Affective Relational Model (NARM) for teens and adults that enables people to get to the root of their disconnection so that they can feel more alive and connected to themselves. I utilize these specialized trainings in both play therapy and trauma resolution to resolve concerns such as: family stress, divorce, relational trauma, discipline and behavioral problems, and anxiety.
(760) 496-5446 View (760) 496-5446
Photo of Lisa Allen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Lisa Allen
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, LPCC
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
The wounds from our past can leave us feeling broken, fearful, and alone. As a trauma-informed clinician, my heart is to walk alongside individuals longing to feel whole again, or perhaps for the first time. I am an EMDR trained clinician who utilizes this evidence-based approach to help my clients find holistic paths to healing. In my practice, I believe that the brain, body, and spirit are affected by the things that have happened to us. I invite you to share your unique story in a space of understanding and without judgment, and have hope we can rebuild a new, meaningful life.
The wounds from our past can leave us feeling broken, fearful, and alone. As a trauma-informed clinician, my heart is to walk alongside individuals longing to feel whole again, or perhaps for the first time. I am an EMDR trained clinician who utilizes this evidence-based approach to help my clients find holistic paths to healing. In my practice, I believe that the brain, body, and spirit are affected by the things that have happened to us. I invite you to share your unique story in a space of understanding and without judgment, and have hope we can rebuild a new, meaningful life.
(858) 251-7609 View (858) 251-7609
Photo of Ryan Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Ryan Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CCTP, CCATP
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
I work with clients who wish to develop more robust and authentic relationships with others, a greater sense of peace, or increased self-confidence. These elements form the foundation of a healthy and rewarding life, and I am deeply committed to your wellbeing. I use highly practical trauma-informed interventions that are tailored to address the unique needs of each person.
I work with clients who wish to develop more robust and authentic relationships with others, a greater sense of peace, or increased self-confidence. These elements form the foundation of a healthy and rewarding life, and I am deeply committed to your wellbeing. I use highly practical trauma-informed interventions that are tailored to address the unique needs of each person.
(619) 773-0334 View (619) 773-0334
Photo of Chris McDuffie, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in Encinitas, CA
Chris McDuffie
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, MSW, CADC II
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Chris works only with those interested in recovery from chemical substance. Chris helps individuals and corporate leaders in addiction and crisis. He is a highly effective leader of Interventions, Corporate Wellness Seminars and support for HR Directors and Leadership Teams.
Chris works only with those interested in recovery from chemical substance. Chris helps individuals and corporate leaders in addiction and crisis. He is a highly effective leader of Interventions, Corporate Wellness Seminars and support for HR Directors and Leadership Teams.
(858) 461-6921 View (858) 461-6921
Photo of Becca Graham, Pre-Licensed Professional in Encinitas, CA
Becca Graham
Pre-Licensed Professional, EdM, PhD
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
Hey there! I’m a postdoctoral fellow who works with adults (18+) virtually in CA. I utilize a warm, compassionate, and relational approach to therapy, grounded in evidence based practice (DBT, CBT, ERP, & ACT). In the therapeutic space, I show up as my authentic (& imperfect) self, while bringing kindness and humor to sessions. I am also a liberationist clinician and enjoy exploring with clients how to engage in mindful self care and process the impact of societal oppressions. I am a foodie, plant parent, animal lover, and social justice advocate who enjoys binging shows, collecting crystals, and spending time with my loved ones.
Hey there! I’m a postdoctoral fellow who works with adults (18+) virtually in CA. I utilize a warm, compassionate, and relational approach to therapy, grounded in evidence based practice (DBT, CBT, ERP, & ACT). In the therapeutic space, I show up as my authentic (& imperfect) self, while bringing kindness and humor to sessions. I am also a liberationist clinician and enjoy exploring with clients how to engage in mindful self care and process the impact of societal oppressions. I am a foodie, plant parent, animal lover, and social justice advocate who enjoys binging shows, collecting crystals, and spending time with my loved ones.
(760) 642-5494 View (760) 642-5494
Photo of Jamie Clear in Encinitas, CA
Jamie Clear
MA
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Not accepting new clients
Whether you are struggling in relationships, going through a season of transition or seeking a greater sense of purpose and meaning in your life, I would be honored to work with you. My intention as a counselor is to be a healing presence in the life of my clients by offering unconditional acceptance and holding the space for you to be your truest self. I believe that every challenge is an invitation to transformation, and together we will seek wisdom and reflect on the growth that longs to occur in your life.
Whether you are struggling in relationships, going through a season of transition or seeking a greater sense of purpose and meaning in your life, I would be honored to work with you. My intention as a counselor is to be a healing presence in the life of my clients by offering unconditional acceptance and holding the space for you to be your truest self. I believe that every challenge is an invitation to transformation, and together we will seek wisdom and reflect on the growth that longs to occur in your life.
(760) 957-0618 View (760) 957-0618
Photo of Cecilia Duenas, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Cecilia Duenas
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Encinitas, CA 92024
Waitlist for new clients
Hello, I am licensed clinical psychologist with training across several mental health areas. I am fluent in Spanish & experienced in bilingual assessment & treatment. I have extensive training in pediatric psychology & neuropsychology, specifically with issues surrounding medical diagnosis, adjustment & coping, and loss & bereavement. I am well versed in the treatment of depression, anxiety, PTSD, bereavement, trauma, adjustment disorders, and behavioral issues. I am committed to a culturally responsive treatment for all my clients. Having worked in a variety of settings including 3 Children's Hospitals, community based settings, research & private practice I can treat a variety of concerns.
Hello, I am licensed clinical psychologist with training across several mental health areas. I am fluent in Spanish & experienced in bilingual assessment & treatment. I have extensive training in pediatric psychology & neuropsychology, specifically with issues surrounding medical diagnosis, adjustment & coping, and loss & bereavement. I am well versed in the treatment of depression, anxiety, PTSD, bereavement, trauma, adjustment disorders, and behavioral issues. I am committed to a culturally responsive treatment for all my clients. Having worked in a variety of settings including 3 Children's Hospitals, community based settings, research & private practice I can treat a variety of concerns.
(760) 517-1798 View (760) 517-1798
Photo of Dr. Danielle Parker, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Dr. Danielle Parker
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Asking for help is one of the most difficult things to do for yourself or your child. You've taken the first step, so let us help you with the next. My goal is to provide a safe space and build strong therapeutic alliances with all of my clients. I promise to make each treatment plan unique to you in order to fully capture your individual needs and facilitate lasting change. My therapy dog, Bowlby, may greet you at the door and is present to provide comfort and cuddles.
Asking for help is one of the most difficult things to do for yourself or your child. You've taken the first step, so let us help you with the next. My goal is to provide a safe space and build strong therapeutic alliances with all of my clients. I promise to make each treatment plan unique to you in order to fully capture your individual needs and facilitate lasting change. My therapy dog, Bowlby, may greet you at the door and is present to provide comfort and cuddles.
(760) 407-3102 View (760) 407-3102
Photo of Natasha Jackson, Marriage & Family Therapist in Encinitas, CA
Natasha Jackson
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Have you always been complimented on your strength? Or even your courage? During times when you've felt like crumbling? Do you put on a happy face just trying to make it through the day? Do you not allow yourself to sit with the emotion? Trouble communicating your wants and needs to your partner? Are you carrying the weight of things beyond your control? Has there been a shift in your family? If you have answered yes to any of these questions, I would love to offer you a space to be heard, be seen, gain insight, and develop strategies that put you into the driver's seat of your life journey.
Have you always been complimented on your strength? Or even your courage? During times when you've felt like crumbling? Do you put on a happy face just trying to make it through the day? Do you not allow yourself to sit with the emotion? Trouble communicating your wants and needs to your partner? Are you carrying the weight of things beyond your control? Has there been a shift in your family? If you have answered yes to any of these questions, I would love to offer you a space to be heard, be seen, gain insight, and develop strategies that put you into the driver's seat of your life journey.
(619) 329-8275 View (619) 329-8275
Photo of Moira Fitzpatrick, Psychologist in Encinitas, CA
Moira Fitzpatrick
Psychologist, PhD, ND
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
I am an integrative psychologist who will support you mind, body, soul and emotions. I have over 30 years of experience and work with individuals, adolescents and young adults, couples and families. I offer transformational hypnotherapy to support you in releasing cellular and muscle memories, communication skills, cognitive reframing and I will support you step by step in living the life you would love to live. I specialize in transitions and releasing trauma both the mind and body patterning so you are free to become your best self.
I am an integrative psychologist who will support you mind, body, soul and emotions. I have over 30 years of experience and work with individuals, adolescents and young adults, couples and families. I offer transformational hypnotherapy to support you in releasing cellular and muscle memories, communication skills, cognitive reframing and I will support you step by step in living the life you would love to live. I specialize in transitions and releasing trauma both the mind and body patterning so you are free to become your best self.
(760) 933-7535 View (760) 933-7535
Robyn Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Encinitas, CA 92024
Robyn Johnson is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who provides psychotherapy to those who are suffering from mental, familial, social, and/or medical issues. She earned her undergraduate bachelor's degree from the University of Southern California (USC). Then, continued on to earn her Master's Degree in Social Work with an emphasis in Mental Health from USC as well. Robyn works with individuals who are looking to gain insight into themselves and improve their quality of life.
Robyn Johnson is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) who provides psychotherapy to those who are suffering from mental, familial, social, and/or medical issues. She earned her undergraduate bachelor's degree from the University of Southern California (USC). Then, continued on to earn her Master's Degree in Social Work with an emphasis in Mental Health from USC as well. Robyn works with individuals who are looking to gain insight into themselves and improve their quality of life.
(760) 387-8952 View (760) 387-8952

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Encinitas, CA

500+

Average cost per session

$175

Therapists in Encinitas, CA who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
89% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
70% Trauma and PTSD
69% Self Esteem
65% Stress
64% Life Transitions

Average years in practice

14 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

70% Aetna
62% Cigna and Evernorth
50% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Encinitas, CA see their clients

71% In Person and Online
29% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Encinitas?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.