Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

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Photo of Kyla Hadenfeldt, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Kyla Hadenfeldt
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63118  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Welcome! I'm glad you're here. Are you struggling with painful thoughts and emotions? Maybe the pandemic has created some new problems for you, or brought up old stuff. Or perhaps, you're doing okay in your day-to-day life, but have been wondering if therapy could help you do some deeper work. In any case, I'm here to help. I support folks in learning more effective ways to work through their emotional struggles, and creating a life of meaning, pleasure, and authenticity. I also enjoy working with folks on identity, life transitions, personal growth, and sexual self-empowerment.
Welcome! I'm glad you're here. Are you struggling with painful thoughts and emotions? Maybe the pandemic has created some new problems for you, or brought up old stuff. Or perhaps, you're doing okay in your day-to-day life, but have been wondering if therapy could help you do some deeper work. In any case, I'm here to help. I support folks in learning more effective ways to work through their emotional struggles, and creating a life of meaning, pleasure, and authenticity. I also enjoy working with folks on identity, life transitions, personal growth, and sexual self-empowerment.
(314) 207-7894 View (314) 207-7894
Photo of Jean Ricks-Ayer, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Jean Ricks-Ayer
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63141
If you are interested in deepening and expanding your awareness and understanding of Self, as a means of finding a more confident pathway to your most authentic life, you're in the right place. I have a special interest and knack for working with individuals in leadership and helping positions find grounding, balance, and most importantly, self acceptance. My approach will be tailored just for you, utilizing a blend of holistic, integrative, trauma-informed approaches including Internal Family Systems (or "parts work"), somatic work, and mindfulness. You are way more than your brain-all of you should be acknowledged in therapy!
If you are interested in deepening and expanding your awareness and understanding of Self, as a means of finding a more confident pathway to your most authentic life, you're in the right place. I have a special interest and knack for working with individuals in leadership and helping positions find grounding, balance, and most importantly, self acceptance. My approach will be tailored just for you, utilizing a blend of holistic, integrative, trauma-informed approaches including Internal Family Systems (or "parts work"), somatic work, and mindfulness. You are way more than your brain-all of you should be acknowledged in therapy!
(314) 208-3326 View (314) 208-3326
Photo of Irma Hagarty, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Irma Hagarty
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63119
I serve individuals, couples, and families seeking professional therapeutic services. My areas of expertise include relationship and family dynamic concerns, grief and loss, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, infertility counseling, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders.
I serve individuals, couples, and families seeking professional therapeutic services. My areas of expertise include relationship and family dynamic concerns, grief and loss, perinatal mood and anxiety disorders, infertility counseling, mood disorders, and anxiety disorders.
(314) 310-0743 View (314) 310-0743
Photo of Grayson Rosen, Pre-Licensed Professional in Saint Louis, MO
Grayson Rosen
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63104
Are you feeling like things just can’t continue the way they’re going? Has your inner critic become too loud? Are you curious about building a more authentic life? Wherever you are in your journey of self-discovery, facing your inner tension and deciding to seek help is an act of courage. I am dedicated to creating a therapeutic space with clients that is firmly rooted in safety and characterized by deep listening, where you can begin to work towards the root of your struggles at your own pace.
Are you feeling like things just can’t continue the way they’re going? Has your inner critic become too loud? Are you curious about building a more authentic life? Wherever you are in your journey of self-discovery, facing your inner tension and deciding to seek help is an act of courage. I am dedicated to creating a therapeutic space with clients that is firmly rooted in safety and characterized by deep listening, where you can begin to work towards the root of your struggles at your own pace.
(314) 820-0553 View (314) 820-0553
Photo of Stephanie Jones, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Stephanie Jones
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63109
Thank you for taking the initial step to begin taking charge of your life. I mean, you are the expert in it. As a clinician, I am committed to fostering a therapeutic space for intentional heart healing. Here you are safe and supported. Here is especially where you matter! I specialize in working with individuals who are challenged with anxiety, perinatal and postpartum challenges, depression, complex and chronic illness, compassion fatigue, and grief and loss. I welcome any opportunity to provide you with the tools you need to heal from the past in order to thrive in the narrative you are writing for yourself now.
Thank you for taking the initial step to begin taking charge of your life. I mean, you are the expert in it. As a clinician, I am committed to fostering a therapeutic space for intentional heart healing. Here you are safe and supported. Here is especially where you matter! I specialize in working with individuals who are challenged with anxiety, perinatal and postpartum challenges, depression, complex and chronic illness, compassion fatigue, and grief and loss. I welcome any opportunity to provide you with the tools you need to heal from the past in order to thrive in the narrative you are writing for yourself now.
(314) 668-1298 View (314) 668-1298
Photo of Melissa V Taylor, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Melissa V Taylor
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63108  (Online Only)
We all need help sometimes. Are you struggling with anxiety, trauma, life changes, issues around gender and/or sexual orientation, or relationships with unhealthy dynamics? I help people to work through things that may be getting in the way of what they want for their life. My hope for everyone is that they find more peace, strength, and joy in life. I specialize in working with lesbian, gay, queer, and transgender populations.
We all need help sometimes. Are you struggling with anxiety, trauma, life changes, issues around gender and/or sexual orientation, or relationships with unhealthy dynamics? I help people to work through things that may be getting in the way of what they want for their life. My hope for everyone is that they find more peace, strength, and joy in life. I specialize in working with lesbian, gay, queer, and transgender populations.
(314) 485-4767 View (314) 485-4767
Photo of Kyle Brandt-Lubart, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Kyle Brandt-Lubart
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63116
Not accepting new clients
Therapy has the power to facilitate a relationship with the self that is tender, introspective, and vibrant. My goal is to support you in nurturing this relationship. In therapy we will always work as collaborators. I specialize in trauma therapy and integrating expressive arts approaches, but have experience working with a wide variety of clients.
Therapy has the power to facilitate a relationship with the self that is tender, introspective, and vibrant. My goal is to support you in nurturing this relationship. In therapy we will always work as collaborators. I specialize in trauma therapy and integrating expressive arts approaches, but have experience working with a wide variety of clients.
(314) 463-4563 View (314) 463-4563
Photo of Ben Cook, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Ben Cook
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63139
It is my goal as a therapist to foster an empathetic and collaborative space that encourages self-awareness, self-advocacy, and self-acceptance for adults of all identities. I use a holistic queer-affirming approach that uses unique exercises tailored to my client’s strengths. I am passionate about helping my clients set boundaries, build confidence, and explore new perspectives. I am a Provisionally Licensed Professional Counselor with a master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from the University of Missouri St. Louis.
It is my goal as a therapist to foster an empathetic and collaborative space that encourages self-awareness, self-advocacy, and self-acceptance for adults of all identities. I use a holistic queer-affirming approach that uses unique exercises tailored to my client’s strengths. I am passionate about helping my clients set boundaries, build confidence, and explore new perspectives. I am a Provisionally Licensed Professional Counselor with a master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from the University of Missouri St. Louis.
(314) 834-5987 View (314) 834-5987
Photo of Tristan Connor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Tristan Connor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, CADC, CCM
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63116  (Online Only)
As a transgender therapist, one of my passions is working with clients who identify as part of the LGBTQIA+ population. I enjoy collaborating with individuals who are exploring their gender and/or sexual identities and hope to offer guidance and compassion as they let go of any residual societal expectations. I have undergone the entire process of hormones, top surgery, and bottom surgeries, and I am open with my clients about my experiences as we work to decrease their gender dysphoria and move toward the eventual goal of gender euphoria.
As a transgender therapist, one of my passions is working with clients who identify as part of the LGBTQIA+ population. I enjoy collaborating with individuals who are exploring their gender and/or sexual identities and hope to offer guidance and compassion as they let go of any residual societal expectations. I have undergone the entire process of hormones, top surgery, and bottom surgeries, and I am open with my clients about my experiences as we work to decrease their gender dysphoria and move toward the eventual goal of gender euphoria.
(314) 501-6096 View (314) 501-6096
Photo of Shawn G FitzWilliam, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Shawn G FitzWilliam
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63103
Waitlist for new clients
I am proud to work with fellow healthcare professionals, individuals from different cultural backgrounds, individuals in the LGBTQ+ community, and anyone who is new to therapy or has tried therapy before but without success. My ideal client is any adult who currently struggles with anxiety, depression, PTSD or other trauma, OCD, burnout, or relationship concerns who is ready to commit to treatment. I believe in meeting clients where they are. I view my job as being your guide to better manage symptoms that represent barriers to you moving forward in your life, following a path determined by your personal values.
I am proud to work with fellow healthcare professionals, individuals from different cultural backgrounds, individuals in the LGBTQ+ community, and anyone who is new to therapy or has tried therapy before but without success. My ideal client is any adult who currently struggles with anxiety, depression, PTSD or other trauma, OCD, burnout, or relationship concerns who is ready to commit to treatment. I believe in meeting clients where they are. I view my job as being your guide to better manage symptoms that represent barriers to you moving forward in your life, following a path determined by your personal values.
(314) 648-8485 View (314) 648-8485
Photo of Norinee Thomas, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Norinee Thomas
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63108
My Ideal client is you! I work well with varies populations to ensure understanding, empathy and process in all my sessions.
My Ideal client is you! I work well with varies populations to ensure understanding, empathy and process in all my sessions.
(314) 742-7544 View (314) 742-7544
Photo of Wally Scull, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Wally Scull
Licensed Professional Counselor, MEd, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63122  (Online Only)
My clients come from many walks of life and may be going through several challenges in this thing we call life. My goal is to make therapy a safe space for my clients to process their presenting problems and not feel judged. Only evidence-based therapy approaches will be used to help my clients reach their therapy goals including Person Centered, Solution Focused Brief Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Trauma Informed Care. I help my clients feel validated, empowered, and capable to overcome life challenges.
My clients come from many walks of life and may be going through several challenges in this thing we call life. My goal is to make therapy a safe space for my clients to process their presenting problems and not feel judged. Only evidence-based therapy approaches will be used to help my clients reach their therapy goals including Person Centered, Solution Focused Brief Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), and Trauma Informed Care. I help my clients feel validated, empowered, and capable to overcome life challenges.
(314) 745-3003 View (314) 745-3003
Photo of Master Mind Hypnosis in Saint Louis, MO
Master Mind Hypnosis
CCH
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63132
"...hypnosis is not mind control. It's a naturally occurring state of concentration; It's actually a means of enhancing your control over both your mind and your body." Dr. David Spiegel, Assoc. Chair of Psychiatry (Stanford University School of Medicine). Hypnosis is a powerful tool that helps people change behavior, improve emotional response and physical wellbeing. Through hypnosis, you can improve study habits, reduce stress and bost self-esteem...Wehn it is difficult to control appetite, sleep or stress, hypnosis will help you change in a positive way faster with more comfort.
"...hypnosis is not mind control. It's a naturally occurring state of concentration; It's actually a means of enhancing your control over both your mind and your body." Dr. David Spiegel, Assoc. Chair of Psychiatry (Stanford University School of Medicine). Hypnosis is a powerful tool that helps people change behavior, improve emotional response and physical wellbeing. Through hypnosis, you can improve study habits, reduce stress and bost self-esteem...Wehn it is difficult to control appetite, sleep or stress, hypnosis will help you change in a positive way faster with more comfort.
(314) 403-7245 View (314) 403-7245
Photo of Hilary Kelly, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Hilary Kelly
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63144
It takes courage to walk in and sit down with someone to share your story. An honest story that includes stress, anxieties, sadness, grief, and emotional suffering. My intention as a therapist is to create a safe and inclusive space for clients. This space allows individuals to open up and be present with the emotions, thoughts, and feelings that make up the human experience. I currently specialize in working with adults struggling with depression, anxiety, grief and loss, life transitions, and relationship issues.
It takes courage to walk in and sit down with someone to share your story. An honest story that includes stress, anxieties, sadness, grief, and emotional suffering. My intention as a therapist is to create a safe and inclusive space for clients. This space allows individuals to open up and be present with the emotions, thoughts, and feelings that make up the human experience. I currently specialize in working with adults struggling with depression, anxiety, grief and loss, life transitions, and relationship issues.
(314) 804-2286 View (314) 804-2286
Photo of Lauren Kamm, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Lauren Kamm
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63132
Stuck? People-Pleasing? Burnt out by life? Almost like no matter what you try to change or improve, those wheels just keep spinning, and you are exhausted. My ideal client is someone who is just ready to feel better. You may not exactly know what is going on or why these feelings are coming up all of a sudden. That's okay! You deserve someone who will collaborate with you no matter what you are dealing with. I believe connection and authenticity is the most vital part of the therapy process. Therapy is not just for fears and tears, but laughter and smiles too :) Let's tackle this together! (I hope you enjoy analogies!)
Stuck? People-Pleasing? Burnt out by life? Almost like no matter what you try to change or improve, those wheels just keep spinning, and you are exhausted. My ideal client is someone who is just ready to feel better. You may not exactly know what is going on or why these feelings are coming up all of a sudden. That's okay! You deserve someone who will collaborate with you no matter what you are dealing with. I believe connection and authenticity is the most vital part of the therapy process. Therapy is not just for fears and tears, but laughter and smiles too :) Let's tackle this together! (I hope you enjoy analogies!)
(314) 937-6408 View (314) 937-6408
Photo of Joan A Di Pretore, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Joan A Di Pretore
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63105  (Online Only)
Dedicated to my clients' happiness and success, I feel honored to be trusted with their innermost thoughts. They often report feeling completely overwhelmed and stressed by life situations: e.g. relationship conflict, conflict at work, loss of a loved one. Feeling that life is controlling them, they report feeling depressed, anxious, and doubting their own ability. Through our work together in therapy, my clients have felt empowered to regain the control necessary to make positive changes in their lives and relationships, and thereby resolve their conflicts, reduce their level of stress, and relieve their accompanying anxiety and depression.
Dedicated to my clients' happiness and success, I feel honored to be trusted with their innermost thoughts. They often report feeling completely overwhelmed and stressed by life situations: e.g. relationship conflict, conflict at work, loss of a loved one. Feeling that life is controlling them, they report feeling depressed, anxious, and doubting their own ability. Through our work together in therapy, my clients have felt empowered to regain the control necessary to make positive changes in their lives and relationships, and thereby resolve their conflicts, reduce their level of stress, and relieve their accompanying anxiety and depression.
(314) 714-4248 View (314) 714-4248
Photo of Jenny Stanuch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Jenny Stanuch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63105
I work with clients who want to find clarity and fulfillment in their lives. Sometimes life feels overwhelming or stuck, full of new challenges or old hurts. My goal is for you to regain your liveliness. You may be facing a mismatch between who you are and the life you’re living, questions about identity, relationship challenges, family stress, depression, anxiety, past pain like abuse or trauma, or other sources of dissatisfaction. I also specialize in working on burnout and secondary trauma with therapists and helping professionals. Your first steps toward growth and well-being can start with our conversation.
I work with clients who want to find clarity and fulfillment in their lives. Sometimes life feels overwhelming or stuck, full of new challenges or old hurts. My goal is for you to regain your liveliness. You may be facing a mismatch between who you are and the life you’re living, questions about identity, relationship challenges, family stress, depression, anxiety, past pain like abuse or trauma, or other sources of dissatisfaction. I also specialize in working on burnout and secondary trauma with therapists and helping professionals. Your first steps toward growth and well-being can start with our conversation.
(314) 710-2753 View (314) 710-2753
Photo of Lindsey Gischer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Saint Louis, MO
Lindsey Gischer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63109  (Online Only)
Not accepting new clients
Since the pandemic, anxiety and depression has reached us on a global scale and everyone is in need of a connection to reduce their pain. Being aware of the mind-body-spirit connections, I guide my clients on reaching their goals as well as meeting them where they are without judgement. The majority of my clients seem to want the similar things: peace, balance, and acceptance.
Since the pandemic, anxiety and depression has reached us on a global scale and everyone is in need of a connection to reduce their pain. Being aware of the mind-body-spirit connections, I guide my clients on reaching their goals as well as meeting them where they are without judgement. The majority of my clients seem to want the similar things: peace, balance, and acceptance.
(314) 949-3383 View (314) 949-3383
Photo of Emily Hartman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Emily Hartman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Saint Louis, MO 63119
I treat individuals, couples and families with a variety of struggles. Whether you are in need of help navigating present relationships, life transitions, or are struggling with lifelong issues, my education and experience can help you achieve your goals. I use a variety of approaches throughout the therapeutic process to meet the needs of the clients I see as they progress and work towards leading a happier, healthier life. My experience and training can help you grow and create the change for which you are looking.
I treat individuals, couples and families with a variety of struggles. Whether you are in need of help navigating present relationships, life transitions, or are struggling with lifelong issues, my education and experience can help you achieve your goals. I use a variety of approaches throughout the therapeutic process to meet the needs of the clients I see as they progress and work towards leading a happier, healthier life. My experience and training can help you grow and create the change for which you are looking.
(314) 403-1866 View (314) 403-1866
Photo of Emily Kate Kothe, Licensed Professional Counselor in Saint Louis, MO
Emily Kate Kothe
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Saint Louis, MO 63104  (Online Only)
Connection is the entire point: to self, others, and the world around us. This idea infuses everything I do in my work: my values, my approach, the trainings I attend, the way I view healing and how it happens. So what do we do when we feel disconnected from our emotions, bodies, relationships, families, work, communities, identities, perhaps even from our very sense of self? ​ We do the hard work of reconnecting. I believe reconnection happens in many ways, and therapy is one of those ways, and I would be honored to be your therapist in this life long process.
Connection is the entire point: to self, others, and the world around us. This idea infuses everything I do in my work: my values, my approach, the trainings I attend, the way I view healing and how it happens. So what do we do when we feel disconnected from our emotions, bodies, relationships, families, work, communities, identities, perhaps even from our very sense of self? ​ We do the hard work of reconnecting. I believe reconnection happens in many ways, and therapy is one of those ways, and I would be honored to be your therapist in this life long process.
(314) 886-5703 View (314) 886-5703

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Saint Louis, MO

1,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Saint Louis, MO who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
87% Depression
77% Relationship Issues
74% Self Esteem
70% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
72% Aetna
72% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Saint Louis, MO see their clients

75% In Person and Online
25% Online Only

Gender breakdown

78% Female
20% Male
2% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Saint Louis?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.