Therapists in Salt Lake City, UT

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Photo of Alice Dughi, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salt Lake City, UT
Alice Dughi
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Salt Lake City, UT 84106  (Online Only)
The goal of my practice is to provide presence, emotional safety, and neurobiological understanding of my clients' nervous systems and mind-body connection, to promote better understanding of their mechanisms of adaptation and inherent wisdom. Through this compassionate inquiry, parts of ourselves have the opportunity to reintegrate back into our system of wellness after fracturing off from trauma and dysfunction. This approach embodies the philosophy of my practice: living an Essence Aligned life, where your inner intelligence and wisdom is the driving force, empowering a life of your own creation.
The goal of my practice is to provide presence, emotional safety, and neurobiological understanding of my clients' nervous systems and mind-body connection, to promote better understanding of their mechanisms of adaptation and inherent wisdom. Through this compassionate inquiry, parts of ourselves have the opportunity to reintegrate back into our system of wellness after fracturing off from trauma and dysfunction. This approach embodies the philosophy of my practice: living an Essence Aligned life, where your inner intelligence and wisdom is the driving force, empowering a life of your own creation.
(385) 503-9077 View (385) 503-9077
Photo of Janelle Spink, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salt Lake City, UT
Janelle Spink
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Salt Lake City, UT 84102
I specialize in working with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression and other emotional difficulties that interfere with your daily life. Fears and worries, feeling unmotivated and distressed, all takes a toll on the ability to live the life that you want. Sometimes it is difficult to pinpoint the reason why you feel disconnected or how to best problem-solve and get back on track.
I specialize in working with individuals experiencing anxiety, depression and other emotional difficulties that interfere with your daily life. Fears and worries, feeling unmotivated and distressed, all takes a toll on the ability to live the life that you want. Sometimes it is difficult to pinpoint the reason why you feel disconnected or how to best problem-solve and get back on track.
(801) 754-4736 View (801) 754-4736
Photo of Anj Lineback, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salt Lake City, UT
Anj Lineback
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Salt Lake City, UT 84105
Hi, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I specialize in Women's Health and am social justice oriented. I have experience working with families, veterans, hospice patients and their families, trauma, the houseless population, folks experiencing discrimination, on the behavioral health unit, and the birthing population. I am specialty trained in Perinatal Mental Health. I love working with folks who are feeling at their lowest and accompanying them back to solid ground.
Hi, I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW). I specialize in Women's Health and am social justice oriented. I have experience working with families, veterans, hospice patients and their families, trauma, the houseless population, folks experiencing discrimination, on the behavioral health unit, and the birthing population. I am specialty trained in Perinatal Mental Health. I love working with folks who are feeling at their lowest and accompanying them back to solid ground.
(385) 410-4529 View (385) 410-4529
Photo of Elisabeth Thomas Lilja, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salt Lake City, UT
Elisabeth Thomas Lilja
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, RYT
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Salt Lake City, UT 84105
Have you struggled with feeling good about yourself? How does your perception of yourself impact your life? Each of us have lived experiences that leave imprints on our lives sometimes impacting our ability to trust, and connect with ourselves and those around us. I aim to foster a space in therapy that invites room for curiosity, safety, and also bravery in order to encourage---growth, self-discovery and healing. I work with both young adults and adults who are experiencing never feeling enough, or have experienced: trauma, self-harming behaviors, eating disorders, body perception issues, perfectionism and negative self-perception.
Have you struggled with feeling good about yourself? How does your perception of yourself impact your life? Each of us have lived experiences that leave imprints on our lives sometimes impacting our ability to trust, and connect with ourselves and those around us. I aim to foster a space in therapy that invites room for curiosity, safety, and also bravery in order to encourage---growth, self-discovery and healing. I work with both young adults and adults who are experiencing never feeling enough, or have experienced: trauma, self-harming behaviors, eating disorders, body perception issues, perfectionism and negative self-perception.
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Photo of Kate Harline, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salt Lake City, UT
Kate Harline
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Salt Lake City, UT 84105  (Online Only)
For over eight years, I've enjoyed working with adult individuals who are navigating the effects of trauma, symptoms of depression and anxiety, relationship issues, issues of meaning and identity and existential concerns, women's concerns, life transitions, spirituality/faith related issues, and more. I am an EMDR-trained therapist and utilize this method when it's helpful, but also draw from a variety of methods including transpersonal therapy, psychodynamic approaches, depth work, CBT, DBT, IFS, ACT, and more.
For over eight years, I've enjoyed working with adult individuals who are navigating the effects of trauma, symptoms of depression and anxiety, relationship issues, issues of meaning and identity and existential concerns, women's concerns, life transitions, spirituality/faith related issues, and more. I am an EMDR-trained therapist and utilize this method when it's helpful, but also draw from a variety of methods including transpersonal therapy, psychodynamic approaches, depth work, CBT, DBT, IFS, ACT, and more.
(801) 823-2111 View (801) 823-2111
Photo of Monica J Starrett, Counselor in Salt Lake City, UT
Monica J Starrett
Counselor, MS, LCMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salt Lake City, UT 84109
"What you seek is seeking you..." (Rumi). I feel profoundly honored to journey with you as we work together to transform the painful aspects of your life into insights that will heal you. I believe we - all of us - have an innate desire to be seen, heard...and challenged! Whether its the traumatic experience of abuse and addiction, the challenges of LGBTQ life, or depression and overall anxiety your life is meaningful and you are wired to heal! I will be your witness and your guide as we walk together to discover hidden strengths.
"What you seek is seeking you..." (Rumi). I feel profoundly honored to journey with you as we work together to transform the painful aspects of your life into insights that will heal you. I believe we - all of us - have an innate desire to be seen, heard...and challenged! Whether its the traumatic experience of abuse and addiction, the challenges of LGBTQ life, or depression and overall anxiety your life is meaningful and you are wired to heal! I will be your witness and your guide as we walk together to discover hidden strengths.
(385) 417-6575 View (385) 417-6575
Photo of Dr. Amina Simmons, Psychologist in Salt Lake City, UT
Dr. Amina Simmons
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Salt Lake City, UT 84114  (Online Only)
Feeling overwhelmed by daily tasks? Tackling a relationship challenge? Curious about who you are and why you do the things you do? Counseling is a place to consider how life could look different for the better. I’m a relational therapist who invites clients to explore, practice, and refine their relational style to improve their well-being. My insight-oriented approach helps clients identify patterns across life domains impacting their present day-to-day. From there, client’s are empowered to choose: work toward behavior change, deepen their understanding of pattern development, or both.
Feeling overwhelmed by daily tasks? Tackling a relationship challenge? Curious about who you are and why you do the things you do? Counseling is a place to consider how life could look different for the better. I’m a relational therapist who invites clients to explore, practice, and refine their relational style to improve their well-being. My insight-oriented approach helps clients identify patterns across life domains impacting their present day-to-day. From there, client’s are empowered to choose: work toward behavior change, deepen their understanding of pattern development, or both.
(385) 217-2358 View (385) 217-2358
Photo of Haley Choice-Tapia, Clinical Mental Health Counselor in Salt Lake City, UT
Haley Choice-Tapia
Clinical Mental Health Counselor, MEd, CMHC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salt Lake City, UT 84105
Waitlist for new clients
I strive to create brave, affirming spaces free of shame for clients to design authentic lives and learn tools that deepen connections in relationships. I work from several evidence-based & trauma-informed therapy models and take a non-pathological approach. Together, we will look for experiences that have created patterns & explore how you have learned to connect with others. We will utilize somatic work, such as EMDR & Expressive Art, to learn how your body responds to life experiences & create more awareness of your subconscious. And we will apply mindfulness & coping skills to practice self-compassion, acceptance, & empowerment.
I strive to create brave, affirming spaces free of shame for clients to design authentic lives and learn tools that deepen connections in relationships. I work from several evidence-based & trauma-informed therapy models and take a non-pathological approach. Together, we will look for experiences that have created patterns & explore how you have learned to connect with others. We will utilize somatic work, such as EMDR & Expressive Art, to learn how your body responds to life experiences & create more awareness of your subconscious. And we will apply mindfulness & coping skills to practice self-compassion, acceptance, & empowerment.
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Photo of Ezra Segura, Pre-Licensed Professional in Salt Lake City, UT
Ezra Segura
Pre-Licensed Professional, CSWI
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Salt Lake City, UT 84107
Have you ever thought to yourself: “I know this isn’t my fault & that what I’m thinking isn’t true…so why does it still FEEL like it is?” If you have, I want you to know - that can change and life doesn’t have to always feel this heavy. I want to help you work through the burdensome trauma that others may have put on you so you can start enjoying life again instead of just surviving it.
Have you ever thought to yourself: “I know this isn’t my fault & that what I’m thinking isn’t true…so why does it still FEEL like it is?” If you have, I want you to know - that can change and life doesn’t have to always feel this heavy. I want to help you work through the burdensome trauma that others may have put on you so you can start enjoying life again instead of just surviving it.
(385) 376-1781 View (385) 376-1781
Photo of Sean DeFreese, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salt Lake City, UT
Sean DeFreese
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Salt Lake City, UT 84121  (Online Only)
I have always been interested in learning about human behaviors and how the mind works. I obtained a Bachelor's degree in Psychology and then pursued an advanced degree through a Master of Social Work graduate school program. I have worked a number of years in a residential treatment center for substance use disorders and helped my patients navigate legal challenges, family and child separation, relationships, employment, and housing issues.
I have always been interested in learning about human behaviors and how the mind works. I obtained a Bachelor's degree in Psychology and then pursued an advanced degree through a Master of Social Work graduate school program. I have worked a number of years in a residential treatment center for substance use disorders and helped my patients navigate legal challenges, family and child separation, relationships, employment, and housing issues.
(385) 437-6072 x100 View (385) 437-6072 x100
Photo of Jessica Little, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salt Lake City, UT
Jessica Little
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Salt Lake City, UT 84109
Waitlist for new clients
I believe that each person has the innate ability to overcome life's challenging obstacles. I'm committed to supporting each client and often times their family members through their journey. I have extensive experience working with complex/developmental trauma, PTSD/TBI, attachment disorders, dissociative identity disorders, personality disorders, suicide ideation/intervention/attempt, LGBTQ issues, Veteran specific services and place an emphasis on using the most advanced evidenced based modalities in my practice with clients.
I believe that each person has the innate ability to overcome life's challenging obstacles. I'm committed to supporting each client and often times their family members through their journey. I have extensive experience working with complex/developmental trauma, PTSD/TBI, attachment disorders, dissociative identity disorders, personality disorders, suicide ideation/intervention/attempt, LGBTQ issues, Veteran specific services and place an emphasis on using the most advanced evidenced based modalities in my practice with clients.
(385) 213-1062 View (385) 213-1062
Photo of Allison Shiffler, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salt Lake City, UT
Allison Shiffler
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Salt Lake City, UT 84111
I believe therapy is for everyone and that finding the right therapist is key for progress and recovery. Our lives are full of emotionally traumatizing experiences relating to family, rejection, shame, self hatred, regret, breakups, divorce, difficulty with parenting, grief & loss, transitioning beliefs, and many other aspects of unprocessed and undisclosed pain. I would love to be a supportive environment for anyone who commits to growth no matter their values, religion, preferred & identifying gender, sexual orientation, race, and/or ethnicity.
I believe therapy is for everyone and that finding the right therapist is key for progress and recovery. Our lives are full of emotionally traumatizing experiences relating to family, rejection, shame, self hatred, regret, breakups, divorce, difficulty with parenting, grief & loss, transitioning beliefs, and many other aspects of unprocessed and undisclosed pain. I would love to be a supportive environment for anyone who commits to growth no matter their values, religion, preferred & identifying gender, sexual orientation, race, and/or ethnicity.
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Photo of Nicki Hill, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salt Lake City, UT
Nicki Hill
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Salt Lake City, UT 84102  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I love working with clients who are going through life transitions and maneuvering through change, whether that change is having children leave the home, relational, heading to college, coming out or faith transitions, to list a few. I hope to provide an environment that facilitates compassion and healing during these times. I strive to assist in this process through discovering and challenging patterns and beliefs about ourselves that may no longer serve the purpose they once did. I listen, I observe and reflect back to you. I also offer some limited life coaching.
I love working with clients who are going through life transitions and maneuvering through change, whether that change is having children leave the home, relational, heading to college, coming out or faith transitions, to list a few. I hope to provide an environment that facilitates compassion and healing during these times. I strive to assist in this process through discovering and challenging patterns and beliefs about ourselves that may no longer serve the purpose they once did. I listen, I observe and reflect back to you. I also offer some limited life coaching.
(385) 217-2234 View (385) 217-2234
Photo of Erin Drum, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salt Lake City, UT
Erin Drum
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Salt Lake City, UT 84103
You’re tired of fighting against yourself and of getting in your own way. Whether you're reliving difficult events from the past, feeling discontent in relationships, or becoming discouraged when you can’t meet your own expectations, you can’t help but blame yourself. You find yourself to be successful in many facets of your life but you struggle to make changes in the areas that count.
You’re tired of fighting against yourself and of getting in your own way. Whether you're reliving difficult events from the past, feeling discontent in relationships, or becoming discouraged when you can’t meet your own expectations, you can’t help but blame yourself. You find yourself to be successful in many facets of your life but you struggle to make changes in the areas that count.
(385) 481-6087 View (385) 481-6087
Photo of Micah Bulloch, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salt Lake City, UT
Micah Bulloch
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Salt Lake City, UT 84101  (Online Only)
Micah Bulloch, LCSW, CCTP, EMDR-C, is a Certified EMDR clinician, as well as a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional through Evergreen Certifications. She is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in both Utah and Texas and has been in clinical practice for 5 years, specializing in trauma, anxiety, depression, disruptive behaviors, sex offender treatment and attachment. Prior to moving to private practice, Micah worked as a Social Worker for the State of Utah, Child and Family Services for 7 years. She also worked as a therapist in a residential treatment center for youth struggling with behavioral and sexual disruptions.
Micah Bulloch, LCSW, CCTP, EMDR-C, is a Certified EMDR clinician, as well as a Certified Clinical Trauma Professional through Evergreen Certifications. She is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in both Utah and Texas and has been in clinical practice for 5 years, specializing in trauma, anxiety, depression, disruptive behaviors, sex offender treatment and attachment. Prior to moving to private practice, Micah worked as a Social Worker for the State of Utah, Child and Family Services for 7 years. She also worked as a therapist in a residential treatment center for youth struggling with behavioral and sexual disruptions.
(385) 503-2286 View (385) 503-2286
Tammy Steans
Counselor, CMHC
Verified Verified
Salt Lake City, UT 84105
Tammy is a licensed professional counselor who has worked with individuals and families for over 20 years. Her specialties include depression, anxiety, behavioral disorders, substance abuse disorders, stress management, grief counseling, interpersonal problems, relationships-couples therapy, divorce and parenting and group therapy. Tammy earned her Bachelor's Degree from State University of New York and her Masters of Science Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from the College of St. Joseph's in Rutland, Vermont. Tammy received the Divisional Award of Psychology & Human Services and became inducted into the Psi Chi National Honor Societies. Tammy is a licensed Professional Counselor.
Tammy is a licensed professional counselor who has worked with individuals and families for over 20 years. Her specialties include depression, anxiety, behavioral disorders, substance abuse disorders, stress management, grief counseling, interpersonal problems, relationships-couples therapy, divorce and parenting and group therapy. Tammy earned her Bachelor's Degree from State University of New York and her Masters of Science Degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling from the College of St. Joseph's in Rutland, Vermont. Tammy received the Divisional Award of Psychology & Human Services and became inducted into the Psi Chi National Honor Societies. Tammy is a licensed Professional Counselor.
(801) 851-1916 x201 View (801) 851-1916 x201
Photo of Kyrian Nielsen, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salt Lake City, UT
Kyrian Nielsen
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Salt Lake City, UT 84109
I bring a compassionate and understanding, yet light playful energy to therapy. As both a therapist and a client, I have had the opportunity to both witness and experience the healing power of therapy. Throughout life we all encounter pain, traumas, and societal messages that shape how we interact in the world and disconnect us from ourselves. We often confuse these painful experiences and their fallout with who we are. Our true selves get buried under our pain, fear, and years of messages about who we “should” be. Therapy gives us the space to step back into our authenticity and reconnect to who we are.
I bring a compassionate and understanding, yet light playful energy to therapy. As both a therapist and a client, I have had the opportunity to both witness and experience the healing power of therapy. Throughout life we all encounter pain, traumas, and societal messages that shape how we interact in the world and disconnect us from ourselves. We often confuse these painful experiences and their fallout with who we are. Our true selves get buried under our pain, fear, and years of messages about who we “should” be. Therapy gives us the space to step back into our authenticity and reconnect to who we are.
(801) 890-5032 x5 View (801) 890-5032 x5
Photo of Lori Reinke, Marriage & Family Therapist in Salt Lake City, UT
Lori Reinke
Marriage & Family Therapist, MFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Salt Lake City, UT 84101  (Online Only)
Please see my website for more information about my background, scheduling, and payment. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist and have more than 30 years of experience with counseling in a variety of settings. I work with children, adults, couples, and families for a variety of issues including trauma, grief, relationships, depression, anxiety, and much more.
Please see my website for more information about my background, scheduling, and payment. I am a Marriage and Family Therapist and have more than 30 years of experience with counseling in a variety of settings. I work with children, adults, couples, and families for a variety of issues including trauma, grief, relationships, depression, anxiety, and much more.
(385) 481-7805 View (385) 481-7805
Photo of LaShawn Williams, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Salt Lake City, UT
LaShawn Williams
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Salt Lake City, UT 84101  (Online Only)
Hi, I’m Dr. LaShawn! I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Doctorate in Education. I believe life is our greatest teacher. My journey began with childhood dreams of helping others, rooted in my parents' healthcare work. Being the new kid in school taught me the power of listening and validation.
Hi, I’m Dr. LaShawn! I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with a Doctorate in Education. I believe life is our greatest teacher. My journey began with childhood dreams of helping others, rooted in my parents' healthcare work. Being the new kid in school taught me the power of listening and validation.
(385) 317-4074 View (385) 317-4074
Julia Ann Mathews
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Salt Lake City, UT 84102
Not accepting new clients
Choosing a therapist is an important and sometimes difficult decision. As a therapist, I offer careful, compassionate listening without judgment. We work together to explore a deeper understanding of yourself and of your relationships to others. We develop tools to help you work through and discard destructive patterns. You are welcome to call or email me with any unanswered questions you might have about therapy or my approach to therapy.
Choosing a therapist is an important and sometimes difficult decision. As a therapist, I offer careful, compassionate listening without judgment. We work together to explore a deeper understanding of yourself and of your relationships to others. We develop tools to help you work through and discard destructive patterns. You are welcome to call or email me with any unanswered questions you might have about therapy or my approach to therapy.
(385) 218-6740 View (385) 218-6740

See more therapy options for Salt Lake City

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Salt Lake City, UT

1,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Salt Lake City, UT who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
78% Trauma and PTSD
73% Relationship Issues
70% Self Esteem
66% Stress
63% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

64% BlueCross and BlueShield
60% SelectHealth
56% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Salt Lake City, UT see their clients

72% In Person and Online
28% Online Only

Gender breakdown

72% Female
27% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Salt Lake City?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.