Therapists in Chicago, IL

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Photo of Anna Minkov, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Anna Minkov
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657
Life can be challenging even under the best of circumstances... You may be feeling stuck, worried, anxious or depressed in ways that affect your social, school or professional relationships, color social interactions, or deter you from reaching goals or being the person you want to be. These difficulties may derive from ways of coping that were essential in dealing with important figures or circumstances earlier in your life. Therapy can be a powerful way of using another relationship to identify these coping strategies and their reasons for being, developing a more effective way of being yourself and relating to others.
Life can be challenging even under the best of circumstances... You may be feeling stuck, worried, anxious or depressed in ways that affect your social, school or professional relationships, color social interactions, or deter you from reaching goals or being the person you want to be. These difficulties may derive from ways of coping that were essential in dealing with important figures or circumstances earlier in your life. Therapy can be a powerful way of using another relationship to identify these coping strategies and their reasons for being, developing a more effective way of being yourself and relating to others.
(773) 997-2481 View (773) 997-2481
Photo of Jl Family Services Ltd. in Chicago, IL
Jl Family Services Ltd.
LCPC, CADC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
I have a deep passion for working with individuals seeking support for issues related to sex, sexual dysfunction, and substance abuse. I believe in the transformative power of addressing these challenges head-on and creating a space where healing can flourish. With empathy and expertise, I am here to guide you on your unique path toward reclaiming your sexual well-being and overcoming substance abuse, empowering you to live a fulfilling and vibrant life. I am dedicated to guiding individuals toward a path of healing, empowerment, and personal growth.
I have a deep passion for working with individuals seeking support for issues related to sex, sexual dysfunction, and substance abuse. I believe in the transformative power of addressing these challenges head-on and creating a space where healing can flourish. With empathy and expertise, I am here to guide you on your unique path toward reclaiming your sexual well-being and overcoming substance abuse, empowering you to live a fulfilling and vibrant life. I am dedicated to guiding individuals toward a path of healing, empowerment, and personal growth.
(312) 957-7682 View (312) 957-7682
Photo of Jamie LaFevers, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Jamie LaFevers
Counselor, LCPC, CEAP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647  (Online Only)
Greetings! It’s great to have you here! Look, reaching out for help and starting therapy is a daunting process. If you’re here it means you are searching for someone to help you through a difficult time. No one calls my office or emails me because everything is “perfect.” Typically, my clients are facing major burnout, compassion fatigue, work/career issues, relationship crises, and a spattering of problems like anxiety, depression, weight gain, and attention and concentration concerns. The good news is that I have worked with them all – and each one, you included, brings something unique and impressive to the work that I do: You.
Greetings! It’s great to have you here! Look, reaching out for help and starting therapy is a daunting process. If you’re here it means you are searching for someone to help you through a difficult time. No one calls my office or emails me because everything is “perfect.” Typically, my clients are facing major burnout, compassion fatigue, work/career issues, relationship crises, and a spattering of problems like anxiety, depression, weight gain, and attention and concentration concerns. The good news is that I have worked with them all – and each one, you included, brings something unique and impressive to the work that I do: You.
(312) 477-3980 View (312) 477-3980
Photo of Today Telemedicine in Chicago, IL
Today Telemedicine
PA-C
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60647  (Online Only)
Visits in less than 72 hrs. Telemedicine only for mental health, physical health, urgent care and CBT therapy. Easy self-schedule and insurance accepted. www.TodayTelemedicine.com . Safe nonjudgmental environment, 24/7 access to team via portal and text or call us at 1-800-951-8257
Visits in less than 72 hrs. Telemedicine only for mental health, physical health, urgent care and CBT therapy. Easy self-schedule and insurance accepted. www.TodayTelemedicine.com . Safe nonjudgmental environment, 24/7 access to team via portal and text or call us at 1-800-951-8257
(773) 692-6349 View (773) 692-6349
Photo of Karen Murphy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Karen Murphy
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60631
I provide a safe, calm, and compassionate space for you to connect deeply with your own insight. From a young age, we often develop patterns and dynamics that no longer serve us as adults. In therapy, we work together to uncover your authentic self in all its beauty. Let's walk the path to rediscovering your curiosity, creativity, confidence, and clarity.
I provide a safe, calm, and compassionate space for you to connect deeply with your own insight. From a young age, we often develop patterns and dynamics that no longer serve us as adults. In therapy, we work together to uncover your authentic self in all its beauty. Let's walk the path to rediscovering your curiosity, creativity, confidence, and clarity.
(847) 416-8628 View (847) 416-8628
Photo of Alex Bond, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Alex Bond
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60647
I am a queer and neurodivergent therapist committed to creating a warm and welcoming environment free of judgment or pretense, where you may feel empowered to voice thoughts, express feelings, and be curious about yourself in a way you may not have elsewhere. I believe that each person has the ability to create their own meaning in life, and I am passionate about helping my clients uncover their unique purpose and potential. Together, we will work to address any limiting beliefs or patterns, as well as examine how past experiences and cultural factors have shaped your worldview and prevented you from living a more fulfilling life.
I am a queer and neurodivergent therapist committed to creating a warm and welcoming environment free of judgment or pretense, where you may feel empowered to voice thoughts, express feelings, and be curious about yourself in a way you may not have elsewhere. I believe that each person has the ability to create their own meaning in life, and I am passionate about helping my clients uncover their unique purpose and potential. Together, we will work to address any limiting beliefs or patterns, as well as examine how past experiences and cultural factors have shaped your worldview and prevented you from living a more fulfilling life.
(847) 474-9917 View (847) 474-9917
Photo of Ivone Gutierrez, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Ivone Gutierrez
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60605  (Online Only)
Everyone believes you have it all together. The truth is it’s getting harder to cope with the stress from work, family, and relationships. Despite your achievements and strengths, you can’t tune out the voice that says you’re not "good enough". You struggle with setting boundaries and when you finally find the words to express your needs, you’re overcome with guilt and anxiety. You put yourself last and are often your own worst critic. You're exhausted by this pattern and are ready to make changes. You want to build your confidence and develop a more compassionate relationship with yourself.
Everyone believes you have it all together. The truth is it’s getting harder to cope with the stress from work, family, and relationships. Despite your achievements and strengths, you can’t tune out the voice that says you’re not "good enough". You struggle with setting boundaries and when you finally find the words to express your needs, you’re overcome with guilt and anxiety. You put yourself last and are often your own worst critic. You're exhausted by this pattern and are ready to make changes. You want to build your confidence and develop a more compassionate relationship with yourself.
(708) 637-0153 View (708) 637-0153
Photo of Rachael Siemon-Carome, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Rachael Siemon-Carome
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60613  (Online Only)
Welcome to my profile! As a LCSW, my approach is person-centered and trauma-informed, and aimed at helping individuals effectively manage symptoms of anxiety and depression, navigate through trauma, and foster enhanced self-esteem. Rooted in compassion and evidence-based practices, I am passionate about supporting individuals through life’s transitions, whether it's navigating a career change, relationship shifts, the loss of a loved one, or the transition into parenthood.
Welcome to my profile! As a LCSW, my approach is person-centered and trauma-informed, and aimed at helping individuals effectively manage symptoms of anxiety and depression, navigate through trauma, and foster enhanced self-esteem. Rooted in compassion and evidence-based practices, I am passionate about supporting individuals through life’s transitions, whether it's navigating a career change, relationship shifts, the loss of a loved one, or the transition into parenthood.
(773) 923-2439 View (773) 923-2439
Photo of Francesca Duran, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Francesca Duran
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60603  (Online Only)
At some point in every person’s life they begin to examine their emotions and behaviors and want to gain a deeper understanding of who they are, and why they are the way they are. My goal is to provide my client with a safe space to explore the difficult question, “why?” and help them gain self-awareness, and make meaning of their life experiences. I provide insight oriented psychotherapy that is based on a strong therapeutic relationship.
At some point in every person’s life they begin to examine their emotions and behaviors and want to gain a deeper understanding of who they are, and why they are the way they are. My goal is to provide my client with a safe space to explore the difficult question, “why?” and help them gain self-awareness, and make meaning of their life experiences. I provide insight oriented psychotherapy that is based on a strong therapeutic relationship.
(312) 786-4990 View (312) 786-4990
Photo of Andrew Wall, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Andrew Wall
Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60647  (Online Only)
I offer a safe place to explore the current issues that are bringing you into therapy. I believe the therapy process works best when it is collaborative, non-judgmental, and empathetic. No matter whether your struggles are newer or longer lasting I aim to fully understand your issues and join you in the process for healing and recovery. It is my goal that you will feel heard, understood, valued, and empowered in order to improve your life, health, and strengthen your relationships.
I offer a safe place to explore the current issues that are bringing you into therapy. I believe the therapy process works best when it is collaborative, non-judgmental, and empathetic. No matter whether your struggles are newer or longer lasting I aim to fully understand your issues and join you in the process for healing and recovery. It is my goal that you will feel heard, understood, valued, and empowered in order to improve your life, health, and strengthen your relationships.
(773) 877-3043 View (773) 877-3043
Photo of Alexia Evangelodimos, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Alexia Evangelodimos
Counselor, MA, LCPC, PMH-C
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60625  (Online Only)
I bring a down-to-earth, approachable presence to therapy and place the utmost importance on fostering a warm and friendly, yet professional relationship with my clients. It is from that foundation of a strong therapeutic rapport that I work with my clients to explore pathways towards healing and experiencing a happier, more fulfilling life.
I bring a down-to-earth, approachable presence to therapy and place the utmost importance on fostering a warm and friendly, yet professional relationship with my clients. It is from that foundation of a strong therapeutic rapport that I work with my clients to explore pathways towards healing and experiencing a happier, more fulfilling life.
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Photo of Mercedes Cisneros-Watson, Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Mercedes Cisneros-Watson
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60609
Thank you for choosing me, Mercedes P Cisneros Watson -Watson MA., LCPC and Path for your Counseling needs. I “Mercedes” a Native of Chicago, am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC), in the State of Illinois Department of Professional Regulations since 1998. My Clinical counseling experience spans over 30 years. My areas of clinical interest include addressing adult Women’s and Men’s life issues such as Intergenerational Trauma Survivors, Grief/ Loss, Divorce, Abusive relationships and, General Mood Disorders ie, Depression, General Anxiety Disorders. Gender Dysphoria, and Various personality disorders.
Thank you for choosing me, Mercedes P Cisneros Watson -Watson MA., LCPC and Path for your Counseling needs. I “Mercedes” a Native of Chicago, am a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor (LCPC), in the State of Illinois Department of Professional Regulations since 1998. My Clinical counseling experience spans over 30 years. My areas of clinical interest include addressing adult Women’s and Men’s life issues such as Intergenerational Trauma Survivors, Grief/ Loss, Divorce, Abusive relationships and, General Mood Disorders ie, Depression, General Anxiety Disorders. Gender Dysphoria, and Various personality disorders.
(773) 207-2790 View (773) 207-2790
Photo of Patricia A McKenna, Psychologist in Chicago, IL
Patricia A McKenna
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60611
Clients often come to therapy with confusion, frustration, or shame about why they are experiencing the symptoms or problems that distress them. A very important part of psychotherapy is becoming more curious about thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that initially may seem to make no sense and have no useful purpose. When we come to appreciate that even distressing or self-destructive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors have important things to tell us, we can begin to experience empathy for ourselves, make sense of our distress, and turn toward making desired changes.
Clients often come to therapy with confusion, frustration, or shame about why they are experiencing the symptoms or problems that distress them. A very important part of psychotherapy is becoming more curious about thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that initially may seem to make no sense and have no useful purpose. When we come to appreciate that even distressing or self-destructive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors have important things to tell us, we can begin to experience empathy for ourselves, make sense of our distress, and turn toward making desired changes.
(872) 713-9663 View (872) 713-9663
Photo of Hillary Schoninger, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Hillary Schoninger
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60630
Hi! I’m Hillary. I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 12 years of clinical experience working with Individuals, Families, Minors, Preteens, and Couples with Anxiety, Depression, Life Transitions, Self Esteem, and Family Conflict. In therapy, I typically use a mix of Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Dialectical (DBT), Holistic, Compassion Focused, and Strength-Based approaches. I believe in creating an open and positive environment where my clients can feel comfortable growing.
Hi! I’m Hillary. I’m a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 12 years of clinical experience working with Individuals, Families, Minors, Preteens, and Couples with Anxiety, Depression, Life Transitions, Self Esteem, and Family Conflict. In therapy, I typically use a mix of Acceptance and Commitment (ACT), Cognitive Behavioral (CBT), Dialectical (DBT), Holistic, Compassion Focused, and Strength-Based approaches. I believe in creating an open and positive environment where my clients can feel comfortable growing.
(815) 345-2077 View (815) 345-2077
Photo of Jenna Jablonski, Counselor in Chicago, IL
Jenna Jablonski
Counselor, MA, LCPC, CADC, CCTP, CGCS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60657  (Online Only)
Jenna Jablonski received her Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling along with an additional Certification in Substance Use Counseling from Adler University. Jenna uses an integrated, person-centered orientation to treat adults with a variety of mental health concerns such as anxiety, depression, panic, couples counseling, life/education/career transitions, trauma, struggles with interpersonal relationships, weight management, self-esteem and body image, chronic mental health issues, and maladaptive coping including challenges with substance use.
Jenna Jablonski received her Master’s in Clinical Mental Health Counseling along with an additional Certification in Substance Use Counseling from Adler University. Jenna uses an integrated, person-centered orientation to treat adults with a variety of mental health concerns such as anxiety, depression, panic, couples counseling, life/education/career transitions, trauma, struggles with interpersonal relationships, weight management, self-esteem and body image, chronic mental health issues, and maladaptive coping including challenges with substance use.
(773) 832-5627 View (773) 832-5627
Photo of Eleni Clavijo, Licensed Professional Counselor in Chicago, IL
Eleni Clavijo
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, Reiki, Master
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60657
What circumstances shifted you into this specific moment in time...to bring this bio into your awareness? Was it the guilt that has consumed you since morning of how you didn’t show up exactly how you envisioned being the best parent...or that you have become conscious to the burden of unrealistic expectations upon self and have decided to courageously dive into the depths of your shadows? Perhaps you have questions about self you never have had before and feeling like no one can relate. All you would like is for someone to hold space while you allow emotions like sadness or anger to flow and feel you are able to cry without shame!
What circumstances shifted you into this specific moment in time...to bring this bio into your awareness? Was it the guilt that has consumed you since morning of how you didn’t show up exactly how you envisioned being the best parent...or that you have become conscious to the burden of unrealistic expectations upon self and have decided to courageously dive into the depths of your shadows? Perhaps you have questions about self you never have had before and feeling like no one can relate. All you would like is for someone to hold space while you allow emotions like sadness or anger to flow and feel you are able to cry without shame!
(872) 241-2564 View (872) 241-2564
Photo of Tara Genovese, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Tara Genovese
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60641  (Online Only)
Sometimes, you just feel like a fraud. Pretending to be excited for the weekend. People congratulate you at work for your achievement but never invite you to drinks or even a virtual happy hour at the end of the day. While you're not losing your mind, you're just not in the space you thought you'd be when coming to live in this country. I know you are going to hate to hear this, but you are not alone. Transitions are hard to maneuver at times and can take much longer than a few months to get through. And that's ok.
Sometimes, you just feel like a fraud. Pretending to be excited for the weekend. People congratulate you at work for your achievement but never invite you to drinks or even a virtual happy hour at the end of the day. While you're not losing your mind, you're just not in the space you thought you'd be when coming to live in this country. I know you are going to hate to hear this, but you are not alone. Transitions are hard to maneuver at times and can take much longer than a few months to get through. And that's ok.
(872) 221-8222 View (872) 221-8222
Photo of Ashley Barba, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Ashley Barba
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW, C-IAYT
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60647
Heal your connection with yourself and feel like yourself again. I am a licensed clinical social worker and certified yoga therapist with over 12 years combined experience working with adolescents and adults in several settings (community mental health, healthcare, schools and private practice) coping with anxiety-related disorders, depression, PTSD, ADHD, trauma and general life stress. Personally, I enjoy helping clients develop an accepting and empowering relationship with themselves so they can feel more connected to themselves and others. I am committed to an integrative approach that reflects the client’s needs and goals.
Heal your connection with yourself and feel like yourself again. I am a licensed clinical social worker and certified yoga therapist with over 12 years combined experience working with adolescents and adults in several settings (community mental health, healthcare, schools and private practice) coping with anxiety-related disorders, depression, PTSD, ADHD, trauma and general life stress. Personally, I enjoy helping clients develop an accepting and empowering relationship with themselves so they can feel more connected to themselves and others. I am committed to an integrative approach that reflects the client’s needs and goals.
(773) 455-1702 View (773) 455-1702
Photo of Marian Sharkey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Marian Sharkey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Chicago, IL 60602
Do you have a sense deep down that your life could be so much better? Have you found that despite your best efforts, you continue to struggle with low self-esteem and self-sabotaging behaviors and emotions that thwart your happiness? In my work as a psychotherapist, I have helped people with a wide range of problems overcome the obstacles that get in the way of positive change. It would would be a pleasure and privilege to work with you in helping you achieve your goals for a more fulfilling life.
Do you have a sense deep down that your life could be so much better? Have you found that despite your best efforts, you continue to struggle with low self-esteem and self-sabotaging behaviors and emotions that thwart your happiness? In my work as a psychotherapist, I have helped people with a wide range of problems overcome the obstacles that get in the way of positive change. It would would be a pleasure and privilege to work with you in helping you achieve your goals for a more fulfilling life.
(312) 635-5110 View (312) 635-5110
Photo of Katherine Sheppard Carrane, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Chicago, IL
Katherine Sheppard Carrane
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Chicago, IL 60602  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
I have been in the field of clinical social work for over 30 years. I work with clients to establish the issues they want to address in therapy, the goals they have for themselves and the pathways to getting there. Collaboration and respect are at the forefront of my work with clients.
I have been in the field of clinical social work for over 30 years. I work with clients to establish the issues they want to address in therapy, the goals they have for themselves and the pathways to getting there. Collaboration and respect are at the forefront of my work with clients.
(312) 516-2315 View (312) 516-2315

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Chicago, IL

3,000+

Average cost per session

$150

Therapists in Chicago, IL who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
79% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
67% Coping Skills
67% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

95% BlueCross and BlueShield
60% Aetna
49% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Chicago, IL see their clients

63% In Person and Online
37% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
18% Male
3% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Chicago?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.