Therapists in Columbia, SC

Photo of Joanne Schrock, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Joanne Schrock
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29210
Joanne Schrock is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with 5 years of experience working with individuals in an inpatient behavioral health unit as well as a counselor in an emergency room setting. Additionally, she has provided telehealth to individuals with a variety of behavioral health challenges such as depression, anxiety, and grief. Additionally, she has worked with people on the autism spectrum and people with developmental disabilities for over 30 years.
Joanne Schrock is a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) with 5 years of experience working with individuals in an inpatient behavioral health unit as well as a counselor in an emergency room setting. Additionally, she has provided telehealth to individuals with a variety of behavioral health challenges such as depression, anxiety, and grief. Additionally, she has worked with people on the autism spectrum and people with developmental disabilities for over 30 years.
(803) 373-9242 View (803) 373-9242
Photo of Erin Mathena, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Erin Mathena
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCMHC, NCC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29223  (Online Only)
I am a licensed Counselor in North and South Carolina. I completed my Masters in Mental Health at Asbury Theological Seminary. I have spent my career helping others live their faith and connect with God. Through a unique approach to faith based counseling, consulting, discipleship, teaching and coaching, I will help you discover your calling, purpose, and find freedom from what holds you back. The answers you seek are within you and your walk with God. Let me help you find them! Sometimes we just need a little help and guidance to discover them and bring them to life.
I am a licensed Counselor in North and South Carolina. I completed my Masters in Mental Health at Asbury Theological Seminary. I have spent my career helping others live their faith and connect with God. Through a unique approach to faith based counseling, consulting, discipleship, teaching and coaching, I will help you discover your calling, purpose, and find freedom from what holds you back. The answers you seek are within you and your walk with God. Let me help you find them! Sometimes we just need a little help and guidance to discover them and bring them to life.
(803) 676-7205 View (803) 676-7205
Photo of Danielle Allen, Marriage & Family Therapist in Columbia, SC
Danielle Allen
Marriage & Family Therapist, EdS, LMFT, LPCS
Verified Verified
7 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29205
I love working with couples and families who wish to break free of unproductive patterns and reconnect with one another on a deeper lever. I see how much our relationships between affect ourselves within. No matter how hurt we've been, how self-protective we are, or how desperate we want to connect, we sometimes get in the way of the very closeness we seek. With compassion and understanding, I work with clients to build on strengths and attain more secure loving bonds in their relationships.
I love working with couples and families who wish to break free of unproductive patterns and reconnect with one another on a deeper lever. I see how much our relationships between affect ourselves within. No matter how hurt we've been, how self-protective we are, or how desperate we want to connect, we sometimes get in the way of the very closeness we seek. With compassion and understanding, I work with clients to build on strengths and attain more secure loving bonds in their relationships.
(864) 501-5491 View (864) 501-5491
Photo of Dr. Shanna A Jefferson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbia, SC
Dr. Shanna A Jefferson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29210
Now accepting new clients! If you are ready to experience greater in your life, let's connect. Schedule your 10-Minute Complimentary Phone Consultation today. Destination Greatness, PLLC strives to enrich each individual and family through greater self-awareness, focus on strengths, and belief in a greater destiny. My belief is that all clients can transcend adversity and achieve greatness. I utilize a holistic, strengths-based approach focusing on multiple life domains including mental health, physical health, financial health, and spiritual health. Journals and e-Books are now available! www.TherapyWithShanna.com
Now accepting new clients! If you are ready to experience greater in your life, let's connect. Schedule your 10-Minute Complimentary Phone Consultation today. Destination Greatness, PLLC strives to enrich each individual and family through greater self-awareness, focus on strengths, and belief in a greater destiny. My belief is that all clients can transcend adversity and achieve greatness. I utilize a holistic, strengths-based approach focusing on multiple life domains including mental health, physical health, financial health, and spiritual health. Journals and e-Books are now available! www.TherapyWithShanna.com
(803) 258-6658 View (803) 258-6658
Photo of Tammy Lavette Mackins-Hill, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Tammy Lavette Mackins-Hill
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPCS, LAC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29203
I believe each client is unique and different and should be exposed to a powerful individual experience in the therapeutic process. Every client possesses strengths and abilities and as a therapist I assist them in identifying and implementing their strengths and abilities to help transcend positive healthy balance and change within in lives. As a LPCS that specializes in substance abuse, dual diagnosis, and depression. I utilized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to teach individuals how to recognize moods, thoughts, and situations that stimulate unwanted emotions.
I believe each client is unique and different and should be exposed to a powerful individual experience in the therapeutic process. Every client possesses strengths and abilities and as a therapist I assist them in identifying and implementing their strengths and abilities to help transcend positive healthy balance and change within in lives. As a LPCS that specializes in substance abuse, dual diagnosis, and depression. I utilized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to teach individuals how to recognize moods, thoughts, and situations that stimulate unwanted emotions.
(803) 471-4915 View (803) 471-4915
Photo of Cheryl L Simms, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Cheryl L Simms
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CCMHC, NCC, LSATP
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29209  (Online Only)
Hello, my name is Cheryl Simms. I have 16 years of experience in the field of counseling. I specialize in trauma, substance use, family, couples, and children. I also work with those struggling with depression and anxiety. I am EMDR trained and have years of experience working with the military community and their families. I enjoy traveling and exploring other countries. I am fun-loving and caring. I often put a twist on difficult situations by adding hope and empowerment. I am licensed in South Carolina and Virginia.
Hello, my name is Cheryl Simms. I have 16 years of experience in the field of counseling. I specialize in trauma, substance use, family, couples, and children. I also work with those struggling with depression and anxiety. I am EMDR trained and have years of experience working with the military community and their families. I enjoy traveling and exploring other countries. I am fun-loving and caring. I often put a twist on difficult situations by adding hope and empowerment. I am licensed in South Carolina and Virginia.
(803) 770-5577 View (803) 770-5577
Photo of Dr. Ashley Waddington, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Dr. Ashley Waddington
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, LPCS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29201
Waitlist for new clients
You don't have to feel the way you are feeling forever. You have tried a number of different things and things aren’t working. You're not sure where to start but feel that doing it alone seems impossible and daunting. The individual I typically see feels stuck and wants to make the necessary changes to improve their communication for self and others, build their self-esteem and confidence, process emotions, and recover. Therapy provides a nonjudgmental space to work through life's hardships and stressors. Change can be very difficult however so is staying in the same place.
You don't have to feel the way you are feeling forever. You have tried a number of different things and things aren’t working. You're not sure where to start but feel that doing it alone seems impossible and daunting. The individual I typically see feels stuck and wants to make the necessary changes to improve their communication for self and others, build their self-esteem and confidence, process emotions, and recover. Therapy provides a nonjudgmental space to work through life's hardships and stressors. Change can be very difficult however so is staying in the same place.
(803) 212-0341 View (803) 212-0341
Photo of Jasmine Doxie, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Jasmine Doxie
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPCS/C
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29203  (Online Only)
Welcome name is Jasmine! I specialize in helping clients rewrite the toxic narratives created by trauma, self-doubt, and relationships. I worked within the behavioral and mental health fields for approx. 10 years; with emphasis and specialized training in marriage, family, and couples' therapy, as well as, childhood and family based trauma. I enjoy helping people free themselves from the chaos and shame that come from maintaining unproductive thought patterns, defeated sense of self, and hypercritical expectations from themselves and others. Allow me to join you as you take back your narrative, and become your most authentic self.
Welcome name is Jasmine! I specialize in helping clients rewrite the toxic narratives created by trauma, self-doubt, and relationships. I worked within the behavioral and mental health fields for approx. 10 years; with emphasis and specialized training in marriage, family, and couples' therapy, as well as, childhood and family based trauma. I enjoy helping people free themselves from the chaos and shame that come from maintaining unproductive thought patterns, defeated sense of self, and hypercritical expectations from themselves and others. Allow me to join you as you take back your narrative, and become your most authentic self.
(803) 258-5693 View (803) 258-5693
Photo of Tracey Goldson, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in Columbia, SC
Tracey Goldson
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPCA, NCC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29206  (Online Only)
There is no secret to fully avoiding the challenges of life. We all have faced obstacles that have deeply impacted our lives. The dynamics of our experiences have the potential to make us victorious or victims over our lives. Sometimes our life plans don’t pan out and we lose trust in our future and ability to move forward. The disappointment of people, idea of expectation, and complicated family dynamics can make life hard. If you’re looking for someone to help you navigate your feelings, experiences, and goals; together we can explore parts of your journey that you desire to change through strategy, truth and accountability.
There is no secret to fully avoiding the challenges of life. We all have faced obstacles that have deeply impacted our lives. The dynamics of our experiences have the potential to make us victorious or victims over our lives. Sometimes our life plans don’t pan out and we lose trust in our future and ability to move forward. The disappointment of people, idea of expectation, and complicated family dynamics can make life hard. If you’re looking for someone to help you navigate your feelings, experiences, and goals; together we can explore parts of your journey that you desire to change through strategy, truth and accountability.
(803) 991-4906 View (803) 991-4906
Photo of Suzanne Snyder, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Suzanne Snyder
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29205
Hi! I am glad you stopped by my page. I enjoy working with adolescents and adults (ages 12 and above). I focus on helping people deal with Depression, Anxiety, Lifestyle changes and Behavioral Issues. If you are looking to work on your issues, change behaviors or need to have someone listen to you and offer guidance, then I may be the therapist for you. Please feel free to email me or call me with any questions. I look forward to working with you.
Hi! I am glad you stopped by my page. I enjoy working with adolescents and adults (ages 12 and above). I focus on helping people deal with Depression, Anxiety, Lifestyle changes and Behavioral Issues. If you are looking to work on your issues, change behaviors or need to have someone listen to you and offer guidance, then I may be the therapist for you. Please feel free to email me or call me with any questions. I look forward to working with you.
(803) 339-9914 View (803) 339-9914
Photo of Christa D Samuels, Pre-Licensed Professional in Columbia, SC
Christa D Samuels
Pre-Licensed Professional, MS, NCC, LPCA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29223
Therapy may not be the first thing you think about during tough times. However it may be the right step to take to get to that desired place in your life. I am a Licensed Professional Counseling Associate who has a passion for working with children, adolescents, and adults that struggle with mental health and behavioral health conditions as well as individuals who seek to explore and execute personal and professional goals, but would benefit from guidance on how to navigate through different obstacles that they may be facing.
Therapy may not be the first thing you think about during tough times. However it may be the right step to take to get to that desired place in your life. I am a Licensed Professional Counseling Associate who has a passion for working with children, adolescents, and adults that struggle with mental health and behavioral health conditions as well as individuals who seek to explore and execute personal and professional goals, but would benefit from guidance on how to navigate through different obstacles that they may be facing.
(803) 897-8019 View (803) 897-8019
Photo of Ashlyn Bordelon, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Ashlyn Bordelon
Licensed Professional Counselor, M Ed, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29210
Do you often find yourself feeling overcome by feelings of despair and helplessness? Do you struggle to accept yourself as you are and to cope with the anxiety of existing? You are not alone. Many clients come to me when they are at the end of their rope and merely hanging on by a thread. People often want to learn to accept themselves as they are, to feel worthy, and ultimately, to be able to improve their relationships with others. Similarly, couples often seek therapy in order to learn to communicate effectively, to deal with conflict, to strengthen their bonds, and to prepare for marriage or children.
Do you often find yourself feeling overcome by feelings of despair and helplessness? Do you struggle to accept yourself as you are and to cope with the anxiety of existing? You are not alone. Many clients come to me when they are at the end of their rope and merely hanging on by a thread. People often want to learn to accept themselves as they are, to feel worthy, and ultimately, to be able to improve their relationships with others. Similarly, couples often seek therapy in order to learn to communicate effectively, to deal with conflict, to strengthen their bonds, and to prepare for marriage or children.
(864) 523-8847 View (864) 523-8847
Photo of Morgan Nance, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Morgan Nance
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29201  (Online Only)
We all feel lost sometimes. Whether you are dealing with past traumas, self-esteem hurdles, or the weight of anxiety and depression, it’s important to find a safe judgment-free space to help you navigate your own feelings. That’s why I’m here to provide you with counseling that validates your emotions and experiences. Through the process, we are a team, and I’ll work with a focused approach towards improving your self-esteem and guiding you towards overcoming past trauma. Through Solace Counseling Services, I will be here to provide the support you need to overcome patterns of self-doubt and darkness.
We all feel lost sometimes. Whether you are dealing with past traumas, self-esteem hurdles, or the weight of anxiety and depression, it’s important to find a safe judgment-free space to help you navigate your own feelings. That’s why I’m here to provide you with counseling that validates your emotions and experiences. Through the process, we are a team, and I’ll work with a focused approach towards improving your self-esteem and guiding you towards overcoming past trauma. Through Solace Counseling Services, I will be here to provide the support you need to overcome patterns of self-doubt and darkness.
(803) 759-7765 View (803) 759-7765
Photo of Rachel Christina Kelly, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Rachel Christina Kelly
Licensed Professional Counselor, AADC, LCMHC, LCAS
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29201
Not accepting new clients
Has the state of the world left you freaking exhausted? Do you drag yourself through your days at work or school with a fake smile on your face? Do you spend more of your free time than you'd like either stuck in a blanket burrito listening to Bo Burnham's "Inside" on repeat and drinking too much or catering to everyone's needs but your own?
Has the state of the world left you freaking exhausted? Do you drag yourself through your days at work or school with a fake smile on your face? Do you spend more of your free time than you'd like either stuck in a blanket burrito listening to Bo Burnham's "Inside" on repeat and drinking too much or catering to everyone's needs but your own?
View
Photo of Integrative Mental Health Solutions, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Integrative Mental Health Solutions, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCMC, SEP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29210
IMHS provides a holistic treatment approach for mental health wellness through individual counseling, massage, & yoga. We work with, depression, anxiety, trauma, suicide bereavement, suicidality, end-of-life issues, grief, PTSD, behavioral issues, LGBTQ+ issues, substance use, disordered eating, marriage & family challenges, sexual trauma, self-esteem, parenting, adjustment issues, life transitions, self-harm, school issues, and dissociative disorders. We are currently taking new clients of all ages.
IMHS provides a holistic treatment approach for mental health wellness through individual counseling, massage, & yoga. We work with, depression, anxiety, trauma, suicide bereavement, suicidality, end-of-life issues, grief, PTSD, behavioral issues, LGBTQ+ issues, substance use, disordered eating, marriage & family challenges, sexual trauma, self-esteem, parenting, adjustment issues, life transitions, self-harm, school issues, and dissociative disorders. We are currently taking new clients of all ages.
(803) 471-4250 View (803) 471-4250
Photo of Camille E. Peay, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Camille E. Peay
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29201
Come, let us work together through the troubling issues of life that you are facing. Issues that have left you with a sense of hopelessness, loneliness, confusion or anger. Issues that have left you brokenhearted and crushed. My position as a counselor is not that of a fixer, but as a helper. I will support you on your journey out of darkness and despair and into empowerment and hope. Come, let us take this journey together.
Come, let us work together through the troubling issues of life that you are facing. Issues that have left you with a sense of hopelessness, loneliness, confusion or anger. Issues that have left you brokenhearted and crushed. My position as a counselor is not that of a fixer, but as a helper. I will support you on your journey out of darkness and despair and into empowerment and hope. Come, let us take this journey together.
(803) 560-5340 View (803) 560-5340
Photo of Helen H Kluiters, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbia, SC
Helen H Kluiters
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LISW-CP
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29204
I help adult individuals to better manage emotional issues that are causing conflict and concern. I will collaborate with you to help you to find solutions and to become more confident, peaceful, and satisfied in all areas of your life. I am committed to providing non-judgmental, compassionate, and professional services to all clients.
I help adult individuals to better manage emotional issues that are causing conflict and concern. I will collaborate with you to help you to find solutions and to become more confident, peaceful, and satisfied in all areas of your life. I am committed to providing non-judgmental, compassionate, and professional services to all clients.
(803) 219-8522 View (803) 219-8522
Photo of Ashley Young, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Ashley Young
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
5 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29201
Waitlist for new clients
It's a privilege to be a part of one's therapeutic process and to bear witness to your successful and positive change. As a therapist, I provide a non judgmental and safe place that allows you to process your feelings, identify healthy coping skills, and maintain an environment that allows us to work together to find your way through difficult times.
It's a privilege to be a part of one's therapeutic process and to bear witness to your successful and positive change. As a therapist, I provide a non judgmental and safe place that allows you to process your feelings, identify healthy coping skills, and maintain an environment that allows us to work together to find your way through difficult times.
(803) 675-7876 View (803) 675-7876
Photo of Chelsea Johnson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Columbia, SC
Chelsea Johnson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LISW-CP
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Columbia, SC 29223
Self-leadership and identity mastery are key strategies to discover solutions to issues you face. I teach people how to ignite their innate creative abilities to reveal their own intuitive wisdom. My eclectic approach is tailored to the unique need of each new client. I partner with you on your journey to wellness and clarity. You can trust me with assisting you to discover your worth and restore your ability to fight through hardships with authentic support.
Self-leadership and identity mastery are key strategies to discover solutions to issues you face. I teach people how to ignite their innate creative abilities to reveal their own intuitive wisdom. My eclectic approach is tailored to the unique need of each new client. I partner with you on your journey to wellness and clarity. You can trust me with assisting you to discover your worth and restore your ability to fight through hardships with authentic support.
(803) 525-0916 View (803) 525-0916
Photo of Michael Ruguleiski, Licensed Professional Counselor in Columbia, SC
Michael Ruguleiski
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Columbia, SC 29210
People like yourself most often work with me when they are having difficulty moving past a tragedy, find themselves feeling stuck due to personal choices and/or unforeseen life events, or experiencing relationship difficulties and are unsure how to move forward. We all experience these things. You are not alone. Whatever you are experiencing, I am here to help you on this journey.
People like yourself most often work with me when they are having difficulty moving past a tragedy, find themselves feeling stuck due to personal choices and/or unforeseen life events, or experiencing relationship difficulties and are unsure how to move forward. We all experience these things. You are not alone. Whatever you are experiencing, I am here to help you on this journey.
(803) 592-9234 View (803) 592-9234

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Columbia, SC

600+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Columbia, SC who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
88% Depression
76% Self Esteem
75% Relationship Issues
75% Coping Skills
73% Stress
70% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

73% BlueCross and BlueShield
59% Aetna
58% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Columbia, SC see their clients

66% In Person and Online
34% Online Only

Gender breakdown

83% Female
16% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Columbia?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.