Therapists in Liberty, MO

Photo of Andrew Wideman, Pre-Licensed Professional in Liberty, MO
Andrew Wideman
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC, NCC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Liberty, MO 64068
Striving to create safe, reliable and empathetic spaces, I specialize in counseling and play therapy for children and adolescents. With more than a decade of experience as an elementary school counselor, I work with children that come from a wide variety backgrounds and am able to create a helpful approach both at home and in school- helping families partner with schools and utilize the right school resources.
Striving to create safe, reliable and empathetic spaces, I specialize in counseling and play therapy for children and adolescents. With more than a decade of experience as an elementary school counselor, I work with children that come from a wide variety backgrounds and am able to create a helpful approach both at home and in school- helping families partner with schools and utilize the right school resources.
(816) 370-5346 View (816) 370-5346
Photo of Shane Witzki, Licensed Professional Counselor in Liberty, MO
Shane Witzki
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Liberty, MO 64068
Life is full of experiences. Our experiences shape how we see the world around us and our daily functioning. You may walk through some of your experiences with questions such as, “Will I ever feel better? What if I am just not good enough? Why am I so broken?” To be human means you were created to be healed. Coming into my office, the purpose is to find a sense of healing and personal growth in areas you may be struggling with in your life.
Life is full of experiences. Our experiences shape how we see the world around us and our daily functioning. You may walk through some of your experiences with questions such as, “Will I ever feel better? What if I am just not good enough? Why am I so broken?” To be human means you were created to be healed. Coming into my office, the purpose is to find a sense of healing and personal growth in areas you may be struggling with in your life.
(816) 357-9541 View (816) 357-9541
Photo of Lori Streu, Licensed Professional Counselor in Liberty, MO
Lori Streu
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS, LPC
Verified Verified
Liberty, MO 64068
Living with anxiety, depression, or relationship issues can be isolating and overwhelming. Sometimes it can even be difficult to know where to begin to make your life feel better. I help people figure out how to take action in their lives so that they can create a life of joy, purpose, and meaningful connections. I provide a compassionate, calm, and confidential space to help teens, adults, and families develop a plan that allows for growth and healing. The time to start feeling better is now!
Living with anxiety, depression, or relationship issues can be isolating and overwhelming. Sometimes it can even be difficult to know where to begin to make your life feel better. I help people figure out how to take action in their lives so that they can create a life of joy, purpose, and meaningful connections. I provide a compassionate, calm, and confidential space to help teens, adults, and families develop a plan that allows for growth and healing. The time to start feeling better is now!
(816) 209-1873 View (816) 209-1873
Photo of Stacy Witzki, Licensed Professional Counselor in Liberty, MO
Stacy Witzki
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, LCPC, NCC, SATP-C, RPT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Liberty, MO 64068
It’s hard to get out of bed each morning. There was a time when you were hopeful about life, but that seems like long ago. That was before all your troubles started. Now, every day feels more difficult than the last. Your kids treat you like their personal assistant. You just got in another fight with your husband, and you’re not even sure what it was about. You try to concentrate at work, but your mind is always racing, darting in countless different directions. In the rare instance that you’re able to carve aside a moment for yourself, you feel guilty about it. It’s getting to the point where you just want to run away and hide.
It’s hard to get out of bed each morning. There was a time when you were hopeful about life, but that seems like long ago. That was before all your troubles started. Now, every day feels more difficult than the last. Your kids treat you like their personal assistant. You just got in another fight with your husband, and you’re not even sure what it was about. You try to concentrate at work, but your mind is always racing, darting in countless different directions. In the rare instance that you’re able to carve aside a moment for yourself, you feel guilty about it. It’s getting to the point where you just want to run away and hide.
(816) 266-4766 View (816) 266-4766
Photo of Sarah Manriquez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Liberty, MO
Sarah Manriquez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LSCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Liberty, MO 64068
Not accepting new clients
Every person is unique and each of us has a story. Our stories are filled with a special blend of feelings and experiences. Sometimes our stories are so frightening and painful that we are afraid to share them with others. Your story matters. I am here to listen, explore the impact of your story with you and help reinforce your skills to move forward.
Every person is unique and each of us has a story. Our stories are filled with a special blend of feelings and experiences. Sometimes our stories are so frightening and painful that we are afraid to share them with others. Your story matters. I am here to listen, explore the impact of your story with you and help reinforce your skills to move forward.
(816) 239-3345 View (816) 239-3345
Photo of Diakonos Counseling, Licensed Professional Counselor in Liberty, MO
Diakonos Counseling
Licensed Professional Counselor, PsyD, LCSW, LPC, PLPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Liberty, MO 64068
Diakonos is a private mental health counseling center in Independence, MO since 1981. We believe in a healthy approach to healing life's problems through integrating sound principles for the mind, body & spirit. We offer compassionate care for those struggling with painful emotions, distorted thinking, and troubling behavior, as well as those desiring personal growth and more satisfying relationships. We are comfortable and experienced at integrating clients' religious & spiritual beliefs with the therapy and healing process. Treatment is personalized to meet the individual needs of each participant. Therapists are available to lead conferences and speak on topics of interest to your church, business, or organization.
Diakonos is a private mental health counseling center in Independence, MO since 1981. We believe in a healthy approach to healing life's problems through integrating sound principles for the mind, body & spirit. We offer compassionate care for those struggling with painful emotions, distorted thinking, and troubling behavior, as well as those desiring personal growth and more satisfying relationships. We are comfortable and experienced at integrating clients' religious & spiritual beliefs with the therapy and healing process. Treatment is personalized to meet the individual needs of each participant. Therapists are available to lead conferences and speak on topics of interest to your church, business, or organization.
(816) 774-1923 View (816) 774-1923
Photo of Seth A Haney, Licensed Professional Counselor in Liberty, MO
Seth A Haney
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, EMDR
Verified Verified
Liberty, MO 64068
I help those who are experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, stress, overwhelm or are feeling like their life is out-of-control. I specialize in trauma, which is any distressing or disturbing event that overwhelms your ability to cope, causes feelings of helplessness, diminishes your sense of self and/or your ability to feel the full range of emotions and experiences. I frequently work with first responders and others who have high stress jobs and who experience trauma in their everyday life.
I help those who are experiencing anxiety, depression, grief, stress, overwhelm or are feeling like their life is out-of-control. I specialize in trauma, which is any distressing or disturbing event that overwhelms your ability to cope, causes feelings of helplessness, diminishes your sense of self and/or your ability to feel the full range of emotions and experiences. I frequently work with first responders and others who have high stress jobs and who experience trauma in their everyday life.
(816) 348-3102 View (816) 348-3102
Photo of Robin Ewy, Licensed Professional Counselor in Liberty, MO
Robin Ewy
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Liberty, MO 64068
I am passionate about working with individuals, couples and families to navigate through life's challenges. I cherish walking with people through grief and loss having worked in the Hospice environment for several years.
I am passionate about working with individuals, couples and families to navigate through life's challenges. I cherish walking with people through grief and loss having worked in the Hospice environment for several years.
(816) 398-7270 View (816) 398-7270
Photo of Sarah Edelman-Dolan, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Liberty, MO
Sarah Edelman-Dolan
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Liberty, MO 64068
Not accepting new clients
Life is full of transitions, and while some are smooth, others can be a little more on the bumpy side. Those bumps in the road can affect our overall well-being, mentally and physically. Often, we may not even realize just how much mental health is affected by stressors that emerge in life. I am committed to helping guide you through the challenges and find helpful ways to cope. I provide services utilizing a person-centered approach, which encourages clients to be active and take the reins during sessions and throughout treatment.
Life is full of transitions, and while some are smooth, others can be a little more on the bumpy side. Those bumps in the road can affect our overall well-being, mentally and physically. Often, we may not even realize just how much mental health is affected by stressors that emerge in life. I am committed to helping guide you through the challenges and find helpful ways to cope. I provide services utilizing a person-centered approach, which encourages clients to be active and take the reins during sessions and throughout treatment.
(816) 408-3142 View (816) 408-3142
Photo of Michele Roberts, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Liberty, MO
Michele Roberts
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
Liberty, MO 64068
I want to acknowledge the courage it takes to seek help, especially when life's challenges seem overwhelming. If you're reading this, it's likely because you're looking for someone who can understand, support, and guide you on your path to healing. I want you to know that you are not alone. I offer more than just professional expertise; I provide a warm, empathetic, and safe space where you can openly share your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Together, we will navigate the intricate landscape of your emotions with care and sensitivity.
I want to acknowledge the courage it takes to seek help, especially when life's challenges seem overwhelming. If you're reading this, it's likely because you're looking for someone who can understand, support, and guide you on your path to healing. I want you to know that you are not alone. I offer more than just professional expertise; I provide a warm, empathetic, and safe space where you can openly share your thoughts, feelings, and experiences. Together, we will navigate the intricate landscape of your emotions with care and sensitivity.
(816) 688-3702 View (816) 688-3702
Photo of Rebecca L. Morris, Psychologist in Liberty, MO
Rebecca L. Morris
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
Liberty, MO 64068
Waitlist for new clients
As a licensed clinical psychologist (my pronouns are she/her), I have over 20 years of experience in guiding, directing, challenging, and supporting people of all ages as they encounter difficulties in life. I conduct psychotherapy with adults, adolescents, and pre-teens. My approach to psychotherapy varies with the problems presented and the needs of each client. I blend research-based treatment approaches with a respect for each client's unique background and expectations to create a compassionate, individualized, and collaborative process for improvement and healing.
As a licensed clinical psychologist (my pronouns are she/her), I have over 20 years of experience in guiding, directing, challenging, and supporting people of all ages as they encounter difficulties in life. I conduct psychotherapy with adults, adolescents, and pre-teens. My approach to psychotherapy varies with the problems presented and the needs of each client. I blend research-based treatment approaches with a respect for each client's unique background and expectations to create a compassionate, individualized, and collaborative process for improvement and healing.
(816) 565-4293 View (816) 565-4293
Photo of James M Lehnardt, Counselor in Liberty, MO
James M Lehnardt
Counselor, MA, PLPC, NCC
Verified Verified
Liberty, MO 64068
I am a Provisionally Licensed Counselor with a Masters degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I have a passion for working with young adults and adults and helping them deal with all challenges in life including trauma, abuse, and loss. As a US Army veteran, I have a passion for working with veterans and first responders and the unique challenges they face as well as the impact those challenges have on their lives and those of their families. I specialize in trauma including but not limited to sexual trauma, trauma from divorce, and trauma stemming from the unique experiences of veterans and first responders.
I am a Provisionally Licensed Counselor with a Masters degree in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. I have a passion for working with young adults and adults and helping them deal with all challenges in life including trauma, abuse, and loss. As a US Army veteran, I have a passion for working with veterans and first responders and the unique challenges they face as well as the impact those challenges have on their lives and those of their families. I specialize in trauma including but not limited to sexual trauma, trauma from divorce, and trauma stemming from the unique experiences of veterans and first responders.
(816) 781-2349 View (816) 781-2349
Photo of Caitlin Jordan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Liberty, MO
Caitlin Jordan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, CYT200
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Liberty, MO 64068
Waitlist for new clients
I provide effective therapy in a warm and radically accepting environment for those seeking growth and insight. I enjoy working with adults and adolescents (ages 13 and older) who are interested in adopting regular therapy as an ongoing part of their self-care routine. I especially enjoy working with adolescents and creating a space where they feel accepted and understood. Whether you are confronting past or recent trauma, coping with chronic mental illness, or just looking for a safe space to process life’s ups and downs and gain a deeper understanding of who you are, I would be honored to be a part of your journey.
I provide effective therapy in a warm and radically accepting environment for those seeking growth and insight. I enjoy working with adults and adolescents (ages 13 and older) who are interested in adopting regular therapy as an ongoing part of their self-care routine. I especially enjoy working with adolescents and creating a space where they feel accepted and understood. Whether you are confronting past or recent trauma, coping with chronic mental illness, or just looking for a safe space to process life’s ups and downs and gain a deeper understanding of who you are, I would be honored to be a part of your journey.
(816) 290-7401 View (816) 290-7401
Photo of Tara Spry, Pre-Licensed Professional in Liberty, MO
Tara Spry
Pre-Licensed Professional, PLPC, MA, MS
Verified Verified
Liberty, MO 64068
I am passionate about the mental health field, particularly in working with children and young adults. Guiding and supporting children, teens and their parents during their formative years is both rewarding and transformative. Together, let's unlock their potential, foster resilience, and empower them to navigate the complexities of life and build a solid foundation for their future success. I also have experience in working with adults who are navigating divorce and the changes that brings both to you and your children. Together, let's focus on understanding and creating a safe and nurturing environment for your family.
I am passionate about the mental health field, particularly in working with children and young adults. Guiding and supporting children, teens and their parents during their formative years is both rewarding and transformative. Together, let's unlock their potential, foster resilience, and empower them to navigate the complexities of life and build a solid foundation for their future success. I also have experience in working with adults who are navigating divorce and the changes that brings both to you and your children. Together, let's focus on understanding and creating a safe and nurturing environment for your family.
(816) 675-4148 View (816) 675-4148
Photo of Jill Simpson - Marriage Therapist, Licensed Professional Counselor in Liberty, MO
Jill Simpson - Marriage Therapist
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Liberty, MO 64068
As an experienced couples counselor, I enjoy working with dating, engaged and married couples! I have spent a great deal of focused time and energy on perfecting my craft, in order to help each couple to the greatest of my ability. I work with couples seeking pre-marital therapy as well as those navigating a variety of hurdles... from ongoing communication issues to couples who have felt disconnected for years. My advanced training in Gottman Couples Therapy is grounded in therapeutic strategies specific to the betterment and strengthening of relationships. Visit my website to learn more!
As an experienced couples counselor, I enjoy working with dating, engaged and married couples! I have spent a great deal of focused time and energy on perfecting my craft, in order to help each couple to the greatest of my ability. I work with couples seeking pre-marital therapy as well as those navigating a variety of hurdles... from ongoing communication issues to couples who have felt disconnected for years. My advanced training in Gottman Couples Therapy is grounded in therapeutic strategies specific to the betterment and strengthening of relationships. Visit my website to learn more!
(816) 366-5939 View (816) 366-5939
Photo of Valerie Meirose, Pre-Licensed Professional in Liberty, MO
Valerie Meirose
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSCP, CIT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Liberty, MO 64068
Currently accepting new clients! It can be painful to feel stuck, unsure, or out of place in many of the relationships and environments you find yourself. In my office, all parts of your identity are welcome without shame or judgement - there is no such thing as a taboo topic. I specialize in working with individuals and couples who are experiencing difficult life transitions in their faith, careers, and relationships (familial, marital, parenting, or the challenges of trying to become a parent). I also specialize working with clients that are stretched thin and tired of the daily overwhelm of being anxious and stressed.
Currently accepting new clients! It can be painful to feel stuck, unsure, or out of place in many of the relationships and environments you find yourself. In my office, all parts of your identity are welcome without shame or judgement - there is no such thing as a taboo topic. I specialize in working with individuals and couples who are experiencing difficult life transitions in their faith, careers, and relationships (familial, marital, parenting, or the challenges of trying to become a parent). I also specialize working with clients that are stretched thin and tired of the daily overwhelm of being anxious and stressed.
(816) 677-6650 View (816) 677-6650
Photo of Victoria Hill, Counselor in Liberty, MO
Victoria Hill
Counselor, MA, PLPC
Verified Verified
Liberty, MO 64068
I provide individual counseling to kids, teens, young adults and adults. I particularly enjoy working with clients dealing with anxiety, depression and grief. I utilize person-centered and cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as other treatment frameworks to provide counseling that is specifically tailored to each client and their counseling goals.
I provide individual counseling to kids, teens, young adults and adults. I particularly enjoy working with clients dealing with anxiety, depression and grief. I utilize person-centered and cognitive behavioral therapy, as well as other treatment frameworks to provide counseling that is specifically tailored to each client and their counseling goals.
(816) 327-1416 View (816) 327-1416
Photo of Sarah Ehlers, LCSW LLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Liberty, MO
Sarah Ehlers, LCSW LLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Liberty, MO 64068
Not accepting new clients
You deserve to feel empowered and therapy is a great way to further explore all the possibilities your life holds for you. Therapy is a journey. My role as therapist is to provide you with safe, nurturing guidance as you seek personal growth and inner peace. I believe that everyone is capable of change and has the power to choose differently, thus increasing self-fulfillment and joy in their life. I offer a warm, caring atmosphere for you to explore your wants and needs, increase awareness of barriers to meeting those wants and needs, and feel supported in making changes.
You deserve to feel empowered and therapy is a great way to further explore all the possibilities your life holds for you. Therapy is a journey. My role as therapist is to provide you with safe, nurturing guidance as you seek personal growth and inner peace. I believe that everyone is capable of change and has the power to choose differently, thus increasing self-fulfillment and joy in their life. I offer a warm, caring atmosphere for you to explore your wants and needs, increase awareness of barriers to meeting those wants and needs, and feel supported in making changes.
(816) 521-6199 View (816) 521-6199
Photo of Heather Hawkins, Licensed Professional Counselor in Liberty, MO
Heather Hawkins
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Liberty, MO 64068
Waitlist for new clients
Hello and welcome! Thank you for taking a few moments to read about me. I truly hope that you find the help you are looking for whether it is with me or another therapist. I enjoy working with adolescents and adults. I have extensive experience in working with those who are coping with stress, depression, anxiety, trauma, addictive behaviors, abuse, grief, self-esteem, and relationship issues. I believe each person can grow by working through things from the past that are holding them back and learning skills to help them when they feel stuck. I look forward to helping you meet your goals.
Hello and welcome! Thank you for taking a few moments to read about me. I truly hope that you find the help you are looking for whether it is with me or another therapist. I enjoy working with adolescents and adults. I have extensive experience in working with those who are coping with stress, depression, anxiety, trauma, addictive behaviors, abuse, grief, self-esteem, and relationship issues. I believe each person can grow by working through things from the past that are holding them back and learning skills to help them when they feel stuck. I look forward to helping you meet your goals.
(833) 966-0391 View (833) 966-0391
Photo of Jennifer Coleman, Licensed Professional Counselor in Liberty, MO
Jennifer Coleman
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Liberty, MO 64068
Not accepting new clients
Do you feel stuck, or overwhelmed? Or does your child or teen feel this way? Together we can discover the path forward, learning what works best for you as you learn new ways to manage what life brings, and how to avoid unhealthy relationship patterns or pitfalls of the past. I am very experienced in treating anxiety and depression; I also understand how painful events and trauma from the past can hold someone back, and even cause a person to feel held hostage. I have specialized training in helping people recover and heal from trauma, painful events, and complicated grief.
Do you feel stuck, or overwhelmed? Or does your child or teen feel this way? Together we can discover the path forward, learning what works best for you as you learn new ways to manage what life brings, and how to avoid unhealthy relationship patterns or pitfalls of the past. I am very experienced in treating anxiety and depression; I also understand how painful events and trauma from the past can hold someone back, and even cause a person to feel held hostage. I have specialized training in helping people recover and heal from trauma, painful events, and complicated grief.
(816) 470-0017 View (816) 470-0017

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Liberty, MO

100+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in Liberty, MO who prioritize treating:

90% Anxiety
88% Depression
80% Relationship Issues
77% Coping Skills
74% Self Esteem
72% Trauma and PTSD
71% Grief

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

75% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
68% Aetna
60% Optum

How Therapists in Liberty, MO see their clients

90% In Person and Online
10% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
21% Male
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Liberty?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.