Therapists in San Antonio, TX

View neighborhoods in San Antonio
Eugeny Tilvaldiev
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LCDC, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78228
Therapy is not a one-size-fits-all approach and I work with my clients to tailor therapy to meet their needs. Everyone is different and experiences many challenges in life. To better serve my clients, I start where the client is. With the client’s help, I determine the goals of therapy and we work together to achieve those goals. This process works even if people do not know what they want from therapy except to feel better. Therapy involves many layers and it’s my job as a clinician to guide them through those layers.
Therapy is not a one-size-fits-all approach and I work with my clients to tailor therapy to meet their needs. Everyone is different and experiences many challenges in life. To better serve my clients, I start where the client is. With the client’s help, I determine the goals of therapy and we work together to achieve those goals. This process works even if people do not know what they want from therapy except to feel better. Therapy involves many layers and it’s my job as a clinician to guide them through those layers.
(210) 942-7563 View (210) 942-7563
Photo of Sara Blevins-Ranes, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Sara Blevins-Ranes
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, ATR
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78253
Life can oftentimes feel overwhelming and if you have wished for an instruction manual or 'how-to' guide, you are not the first, nor will you be the last. My approach works to help you better understand how best to navigate the world around you, especially if the world was not built with you in mind. Together, we can develop the support, structure, and safety that you deserve while going through life. My practice is neurodivergence-affirming and queer-positive. I strive to foster an environment where you can belong, instead of one where you have to fit in.
Life can oftentimes feel overwhelming and if you have wished for an instruction manual or 'how-to' guide, you are not the first, nor will you be the last. My approach works to help you better understand how best to navigate the world around you, especially if the world was not built with you in mind. Together, we can develop the support, structure, and safety that you deserve while going through life. My practice is neurodivergence-affirming and queer-positive. I strive to foster an environment where you can belong, instead of one where you have to fit in.
(830) 623-6353 View (830) 623-6353
Photo of Michelle Jacinto Psychotherapy And Supervision, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Michelle Jacinto Psychotherapy And Supervision
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC-S
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78228
The therapeutic relationship I build with individuals, is my priority. I will work closely with you to create a plan that addresses your personal concerns, needs and goals while supporting you throughout your journey. My goal is to help you restore the feelings of wholeness and well-being in a safe and nurturing environment, while also forging resilience and tenacity. My passion is working with those who are struggling with Borderline Personality Disorder, Codependency (CPTSD and other toxic environments) and individuals navigating through existential crisis and loss of autonomy. -.-.-For faster response please email.-.-.-
The therapeutic relationship I build with individuals, is my priority. I will work closely with you to create a plan that addresses your personal concerns, needs and goals while supporting you throughout your journey. My goal is to help you restore the feelings of wholeness and well-being in a safe and nurturing environment, while also forging resilience and tenacity. My passion is working with those who are struggling with Borderline Personality Disorder, Codependency (CPTSD and other toxic environments) and individuals navigating through existential crisis and loss of autonomy. -.-.-For faster response please email.-.-.-
(210) 761-4124 View (210) 761-4124
Photo of Clayton Sponhaltz, LCDC, NCAC I, SAP, Drug & Alcohol Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Clayton Sponhaltz, LCDC, NCAC I, SAP
Drug & Alcohol Counselor, LCDC, NCAC I, SAP
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78229
If you or someone you love are having problems related to alcohol or drug use, there is hope and a way out. It is most useful to meet with someone who truly understands addiction and can provide a true assessment. I will work with you, your family and any other healthcare providers to develop a plan of action based on your needs. Often times the road to recovery starts with meeting someone who listens to understand, meets you with genuine care and concern and can provide useful recommendations. Chemical dependency is a primary illness not a secondary mental health issue; trust a counselor who entered this specialty field.
If you or someone you love are having problems related to alcohol or drug use, there is hope and a way out. It is most useful to meet with someone who truly understands addiction and can provide a true assessment. I will work with you, your family and any other healthcare providers to develop a plan of action based on your needs. Often times the road to recovery starts with meeting someone who listens to understand, meets you with genuine care and concern and can provide useful recommendations. Chemical dependency is a primary illness not a secondary mental health issue; trust a counselor who entered this specialty field.
(210) 791-9887 View (210) 791-9887
Photo of Yvonne Pozos Garcia, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Yvonne Pozos Garcia
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78201
My ideal client is anyone who wants a better life and is willing to take a look inward. They are feeling overwhelmed, stressed out or just not satisfied with where they find themselves in their life. They want to know why they do what they do, think what they think and feel what they feel. They most likely have unresolved trauma and/or grief. Their goal is to be able to function in this world in a more positive and balanced way. They seek a brighter future.
My ideal client is anyone who wants a better life and is willing to take a look inward. They are feeling overwhelmed, stressed out or just not satisfied with where they find themselves in their life. They want to know why they do what they do, think what they think and feel what they feel. They most likely have unresolved trauma and/or grief. Their goal is to be able to function in this world in a more positive and balanced way. They seek a brighter future.
(210) 941-1841 View (210) 941-1841
Photo of Claire E Jacobs, Psychologist in San Antonio, TX
Claire E Jacobs
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78232  (Online Only)
Do you need therapy from the safety of your own home? Dr. Jacobs offers over 30 years of experience helping people achieve their personal goals. Patients describe Dr. Jacobs as a friendly, open-minded, optimistic and compassionate professional who provides constructive feedback in a supportive environment. She works with patients to identify personal strengths and to help them use these strengths to address the challenges they're facing and make desired changes in their lives. Dr. Jacobs' warm and relaxed style, together with her sense of humor, quickly put her patients at ease.
Do you need therapy from the safety of your own home? Dr. Jacobs offers over 30 years of experience helping people achieve their personal goals. Patients describe Dr. Jacobs as a friendly, open-minded, optimistic and compassionate professional who provides constructive feedback in a supportive environment. She works with patients to identify personal strengths and to help them use these strengths to address the challenges they're facing and make desired changes in their lives. Dr. Jacobs' warm and relaxed style, together with her sense of humor, quickly put her patients at ease.
(210) 441-3012 View (210) 441-3012
Photo of Sylvia Vargas, M.A., LPC, CART, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Sylvia Vargas, M.A., LPC, CART
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78228
Welcome! You may be here because you feel the need and/or want to talk with a therapist to get help with problems that are bothering you or keeping you from being successful in important areas in your life. As a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Anger Resolution Therapist, I work with children, adolescents, individuals, couples, and families. Some issues I may be able to help with include: adjustments in life, life traumas, anger management, stress management, behavioral issues, family conflicts and relational problems.
Welcome! You may be here because you feel the need and/or want to talk with a therapist to get help with problems that are bothering you or keeping you from being successful in important areas in your life. As a Licensed Professional Counselor and Certified Anger Resolution Therapist, I work with children, adolescents, individuals, couples, and families. Some issues I may be able to help with include: adjustments in life, life traumas, anger management, stress management, behavioral issues, family conflicts and relational problems.
(210) 405-6526 View (210) 405-6526
Photo of Gonzalo Guerra, Licensed Professional Counselor Associate in San Antonio, TX
Gonzalo Guerra
Licensed Professional Counselor Associate, MA, LPC-A
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78210  (Online Only)
I have provided therapy for children, teenagers, adults, groups and couples. In therapy, I share a relational space in where you can allow the parts of you that need healing the space they need to heal. You can gain knowledge into your emotional processing, and you can gain independence in your life. I have experience in relational cultural theory and person centered therapy. My experience and my practices reflect my academic interest to understand the self in relation to others. Other topics I am interested in: Intersectionality, feminist theories in counseling, and gender affirmative care.
I have provided therapy for children, teenagers, adults, groups and couples. In therapy, I share a relational space in where you can allow the parts of you that need healing the space they need to heal. You can gain knowledge into your emotional processing, and you can gain independence in your life. I have experience in relational cultural theory and person centered therapy. My experience and my practices reflect my academic interest to understand the self in relation to others. Other topics I am interested in: Intersectionality, feminist theories in counseling, and gender affirmative care.
(726) 227-3868 View (726) 227-3868
Photo of Tamika Maria Davis, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Tamika Maria Davis
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC, NCC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78257  (Online Only)
It is my privilege and gift to empower couples and individuals as they navigate life. My background as a school counselor, substance abuse, drug court and corrections counselor along with community behavioral health counseling and assessing lends to a full service therapeutic process with me. Considering marriage? Married and feeling stuck/frustrated? Do you have a child with behavioral/emotional challenges? Want to boost your self-esteem and become the most empowered version of self? Together we can create realistic and attainable treatment goals to unlock your desires.
It is my privilege and gift to empower couples and individuals as they navigate life. My background as a school counselor, substance abuse, drug court and corrections counselor along with community behavioral health counseling and assessing lends to a full service therapeutic process with me. Considering marriage? Married and feeling stuck/frustrated? Do you have a child with behavioral/emotional challenges? Want to boost your self-esteem and become the most empowered version of self? Together we can create realistic and attainable treatment goals to unlock your desires.
(830) 971-0124 View (830) 971-0124
Photo of Jessica R. Potter, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Antonio, TX
Jessica R. Potter
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LMFT, LPC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78258
Do you wish you and your partner could communicate better? Are you tired of feeling misunderstood in everything you do? Maybe it's time to let someone help. My passion is helping couples build a strong and lasting relationship with each other based on communication, transparency, and respect. I have experience providing therapy services to individuals, couples, children, and families experiencing mental health and relational concerns such as depression, anxiety, premarital counseling, relational conflict, and communication problems. I am a compassionate therapist who works collaboratively with my clients. I strive to help others tackle whatever life throws their way.
Do you wish you and your partner could communicate better? Are you tired of feeling misunderstood in everything you do? Maybe it's time to let someone help. My passion is helping couples build a strong and lasting relationship with each other based on communication, transparency, and respect. I have experience providing therapy services to individuals, couples, children, and families experiencing mental health and relational concerns such as depression, anxiety, premarital counseling, relational conflict, and communication problems. I am a compassionate therapist who works collaboratively with my clients. I strive to help others tackle whatever life throws their way.
(210) 529-8048 View (210) 529-8048
Photo of Adriana Hernandez, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Adriana Hernandez
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78209
Waitlist for new clients
Life isn’t always easy-in relationships, perhaps in your job or career, and sometimes within yourself. You might feel stuck or lost, even though on the surface, you appear to be doing fine. You hide your emotions due to the fear that others will use it against you or perceive you as weak. You are exhausted from feeling not good enough, like a failure or that something is wrong with you. The noise of everyone else's expectations (and sometimes your own) makes it impossible to figure out what you truly want. But I'm here, and we will figure it out together.
Life isn’t always easy-in relationships, perhaps in your job or career, and sometimes within yourself. You might feel stuck or lost, even though on the surface, you appear to be doing fine. You hide your emotions due to the fear that others will use it against you or perceive you as weak. You are exhausted from feeling not good enough, like a failure or that something is wrong with you. The noise of everyone else's expectations (and sometimes your own) makes it impossible to figure out what you truly want. But I'm here, and we will figure it out together.
(210) 934-3394 View (210) 934-3394
Photo of Gladys M Rodriguez, Psychologist in San Antonio, TX
Gladys M Rodriguez
Psychologist, PsyD, MEd
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78201  (Online Only)
There are times when life presents us with challenging situations that make us feel depressed, empty, confused, anxious. A friend or relative may help. However, you may not want to share these experiences with people you know.
There are times when life presents us with challenging situations that make us feel depressed, empty, confused, anxious. A friend or relative may help. However, you may not want to share these experiences with people you know.
(281) 957-6314 View (281) 957-6314
Photo of Allison J. Escobar Supervised By Kirleen Neely Phd Lpc-S, LPC Associate in San Antonio, TX
Allison J. Escobar Supervised By Kirleen Neely Phd Lpc-S
LPC Associate, NCC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78253  (Online Only)
You may be feeling overwhelmed as you’re looking for a therapist and that is understandable. I like to offer a judgment free zone where you can come and be yourself. I work in tandem with the client on this journey, meet them where they are, if we encounter some road blocks we will conquer them together. I believe building rapport is one of the most important aspects of counseling, because who can teach me the most about themselves? The individual themselves I believe. The client teaches me as much as I can help them. Along this journey the client will learn coping skills and tools. We do this in a safe and welcome environment.
You may be feeling overwhelmed as you’re looking for a therapist and that is understandable. I like to offer a judgment free zone where you can come and be yourself. I work in tandem with the client on this journey, meet them where they are, if we encounter some road blocks we will conquer them together. I believe building rapport is one of the most important aspects of counseling, because who can teach me the most about themselves? The individual themselves I believe. The client teaches me as much as I can help them. Along this journey the client will learn coping skills and tools. We do this in a safe and welcome environment.
(210) 972-9504 View (210) 972-9504
Photo of Amanda Reyes, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Antonio, TX
Amanda Reyes
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LPC
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78230
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker here to help you navigate emotional hardships and invest in your mental health and well-being.
Hello! I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker here to help you navigate emotional hardships and invest in your mental health and well-being.
(210) 972-6884 View (210) 972-6884
Photo of Dana Groh, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Antonio, TX
Dana Groh
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78258
Is your life too stressful? I have over 23 years of successful professional counseling experience helping people improve their well-being. And, I would be honored to assist you.
Is your life too stressful? I have over 23 years of successful professional counseling experience helping people improve their well-being. And, I would be honored to assist you.
(210) 801-9571 View (210) 801-9571
Photo of Joanna Trevino, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Joanna Trevino
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, EMDR, LPC-S
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78247
KAP Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy and EMDR for eligible clients. I work with humans just like you, offering counseling & guidance to help you relax, activate your inner healing intelligence and achieve your desired goals. Our work is guided by a trauma-responsive lens, which helps you understand how past and/or systemic trauma is connected to your current struggles. Specialty areas include PTS/D, depression, anxiety, chronic pain/illness; and working with other health care and high-stress professionals. Therapy with me is compassionate, client-centered, with growth-mindset accountability.
KAP Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy and EMDR for eligible clients. I work with humans just like you, offering counseling & guidance to help you relax, activate your inner healing intelligence and achieve your desired goals. Our work is guided by a trauma-responsive lens, which helps you understand how past and/or systemic trauma is connected to your current struggles. Specialty areas include PTS/D, depression, anxiety, chronic pain/illness; and working with other health care and high-stress professionals. Therapy with me is compassionate, client-centered, with growth-mindset accountability.
(210) 405-8942 View (210) 405-8942
Photo of Blanca Garcia LPC Associate, MFT Associate; Supervisor BetsabeRubioLMFT-S,LPC-S, LPC Associate in San Antonio, TX
Blanca Garcia LPC Associate, MFT Associate; Supervisor BetsabeRubioLMFT-S,LPC-S
LPC Associate, MA
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78229
Welcome! If you are here is because you have taken an active role in your healing. I can help by guiding you through those confusing rough areas where you could really use an impartial and non judgmental guide. I do this by helping you identify the areas of your life that need some work through insight, identifying patterns that are no longer working even if they did a wonderful job of helping you survive in the past, reworking emotional responses that no longer align with your current values or just being there supporting you as you process difficult emotions. Let me join you on your path to healthier relationships.
Welcome! If you are here is because you have taken an active role in your healing. I can help by guiding you through those confusing rough areas where you could really use an impartial and non judgmental guide. I do this by helping you identify the areas of your life that need some work through insight, identifying patterns that are no longer working even if they did a wonderful job of helping you survive in the past, reworking emotional responses that no longer align with your current values or just being there supporting you as you process difficult emotions. Let me join you on your path to healthier relationships.
(210) 879-8310 View (210) 879-8310
Photo of Amber Pilkington, Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Amber Pilkington
Counselor, MPsy, LPC-S
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78229  (Online Only)
We are created for connection! Unfortunately, there is no shortage of forces that make connections with others and ourselves a challenge. This can lead to changes in mood, distress in relationships, and an overall feeling that something is not right. If you are here, I already know one thing about you: you are aware there is a problem, and you are courageous enough to reach out for help. I've been there. I hope that I can be here for you as a partner in creating change for yourself & your relationships.
We are created for connection! Unfortunately, there is no shortage of forces that make connections with others and ourselves a challenge. This can lead to changes in mood, distress in relationships, and an overall feeling that something is not right. If you are here, I already know one thing about you: you are aware there is a problem, and you are courageous enough to reach out for help. I've been there. I hope that I can be here for you as a partner in creating change for yourself & your relationships.
(210) 405-6560 View (210) 405-6560
Photo of Carmen E Diaz, Licensed Professional Counselor in San Antonio, TX
Carmen E Diaz
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, CSC, MA, MEd
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Antonio, TX 78249
Feeling unhappy, stressed, overwhelmed, or out of control of your own life? New to therapy or in search of a therapist that's a better fit? We often underestimate the need to have someone support us through challenging experiences and difficult emotions to get us to a better place. It takes courage to seek change and take control of our lives to get us to where we want to be. As a counselor, my goal is to help you gain insight into your current situation and guide you into learning how to manage your emotions so you can break free from the obstacles that are hindering you from having the quality of life you wish to have.
Feeling unhappy, stressed, overwhelmed, or out of control of your own life? New to therapy or in search of a therapist that's a better fit? We often underestimate the need to have someone support us through challenging experiences and difficult emotions to get us to a better place. It takes courage to seek change and take control of our lives to get us to where we want to be. As a counselor, my goal is to help you gain insight into your current situation and guide you into learning how to manage your emotions so you can break free from the obstacles that are hindering you from having the quality of life you wish to have.
(210) 940-3338 View (210) 940-3338
Photo of Laura Martinez, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Antonio, TX
Laura Martinez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Antonio, TX 78218  (Online Only)
I focus on adults, couples, and families utilizing a systems approach to help process and maintain a healthy individual self and the relationship. I empower couples and individuals to overcome personal and relational obstacles to help improve themselves and strengthen the couple's dynamic. Using clinically tested and evidenced-based therapeutic models and interventions. I have worked with individuals, couples, and families in the human services field and as a therapist for 9 years.
I focus on adults, couples, and families utilizing a systems approach to help process and maintain a healthy individual self and the relationship. I empower couples and individuals to overcome personal and relational obstacles to help improve themselves and strengthen the couple's dynamic. Using clinically tested and evidenced-based therapeutic models and interventions. I have worked with individuals, couples, and families in the human services field and as a therapist for 9 years.
(210) 942-7519 View (210) 942-7519

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Antonio, TX

2,000+

Average cost per session

$125

Therapists in San Antonio, TX who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
88% Depression
73% Self Esteem
71% Coping Skills
70% Relationship Issues
69% Trauma and PTSD
69% Stress

Average years in practice

10 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

85% Aetna
77% BlueCross and BlueShield
77% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Antonio, TX see their clients

54% In Person and Online
46% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Antonio?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.