Therapists in Washington, DC

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Photo of Faith G Lewis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Faith G Lewis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, Cert, Analyst
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20011
30+ years practicing clinical psychotherapy /psychoanalysis, I especially loving working with: young adults, couples, adolescents & their families .....I am French bi-lingual and work in French with some clients; I have lived, and loved living in, France and in the Third World ..... Two offices: DC and Falls Church, VA...... Work some evenings....
30+ years practicing clinical psychotherapy /psychoanalysis, I especially loving working with: young adults, couples, adolescents & their families .....I am French bi-lingual and work in French with some clients; I have lived, and loved living in, France and in the Third World ..... Two offices: DC and Falls Church, VA...... Work some evenings....
(202) 499-7682 View (202) 499-7682
Photo of John Hite in Washington, DC
John Hite
PsyD, MEd, NCSP
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20012
My focus as an educational consultant includes collaboratively working with parents and schools to help address children's individual developmental and special needs, navigate special education, IEP problems, and advocate for evidence-based interventions. My approach is rooted in the belief that growth is possible for all children, informed by educational research and the experiences I gained as a teacher, special education consultant, and school psychologist.
My focus as an educational consultant includes collaboratively working with parents and schools to help address children's individual developmental and special needs, navigate special education, IEP problems, and advocate for evidence-based interventions. My approach is rooted in the belief that growth is possible for all children, informed by educational research and the experiences I gained as a teacher, special education consultant, and school psychologist.
(301) 327-2784 View (301) 327-2784
Photo of Gotel & Thrive, PLLC, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Gotel & Thrive, PLLC
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW-C, RPT-S
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20003
You are trying to shine bright like a diamond and have the things most of us desire for a good life. But there is something dimming your brilliance—it constricts you. You know, those feelings of doubt, dread, disgruntlement, desperation, or despair. Like that constant wondering about whether you are viewed as competent at work; like that disappointment you cover up with food, drink or overachieving because you haven’t met “the one;” like that hurt you carry from a past that shamed you or the depths of grief; or like the helplessness feel when your child is struggling.
You are trying to shine bright like a diamond and have the things most of us desire for a good life. But there is something dimming your brilliance—it constricts you. You know, those feelings of doubt, dread, disgruntlement, desperation, or despair. Like that constant wondering about whether you are viewed as competent at work; like that disappointment you cover up with food, drink or overachieving because you haven’t met “the one;” like that hurt you carry from a past that shamed you or the depths of grief; or like the helplessness feel when your child is struggling.
(202) 980-2433 View (202) 980-2433
Photo of Jeremy Klass, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Jeremy Klass
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW-C, LICSW, LCSW, JD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20008  (Online Only)
Welcome! Seeking help and pursuing change is a brave decision which I deeply admire. If you are struggling with feeling stuck, finding yourself repeating old patterns, or simply wanting to create change in your life, then let’s talk. I am licensed as a clinical social worker in DC, Maryland and Virginia, enabling me to work with clients no matter where they are located in the DMV. Whether you are considering therapy or are interested in exploring separation and divorce services, I am here to help you identify, clarify and achieve your goals.
Welcome! Seeking help and pursuing change is a brave decision which I deeply admire. If you are struggling with feeling stuck, finding yourself repeating old patterns, or simply wanting to create change in your life, then let’s talk. I am licensed as a clinical social worker in DC, Maryland and Virginia, enabling me to work with clients no matter where they are located in the DMV. Whether you are considering therapy or are interested in exploring separation and divorce services, I am here to help you identify, clarify and achieve your goals.
(202) 643-9668 View (202) 643-9668
Photo of Kevin Hollander, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Kevin Hollander
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW-C, CTP-C
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20005  (Online Only)
You may have arrived here because a part of you is ready to shift, even though another part of you is scared. Know that you have a reached a space where you are safe. Know that you have reached a space where your feelings are handled with care. Know that you have reached a space where you are unconditionally accepted. It's nice to meet you.
You may have arrived here because a part of you is ready to shift, even though another part of you is scared. Know that you have a reached a space where you are safe. Know that you have reached a space where your feelings are handled with care. Know that you have reached a space where you are unconditionally accepted. It's nice to meet you.
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Photo of Whitney Coleman, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Whitney Coleman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20019  (Online Only)
I specialize in working with women of color who struggle with life transitions, anxiety, & trauma in DC, MD, TX, & FL. I believe everyone needs a supportive environment, but particularly women. It is my goal to support your ability to effectively manage your stress independently. My therapeutic approach is client-centered & integrates a variety of therapeutic approaches to best meet each client’s needs. I want to work with people who want to: improve their overall quality of life, increase their self-awareness, learn to face and cope with stress & difficult emotions, & learn how to be more mindful of the world around themselves.
I specialize in working with women of color who struggle with life transitions, anxiety, & trauma in DC, MD, TX, & FL. I believe everyone needs a supportive environment, but particularly women. It is my goal to support your ability to effectively manage your stress independently. My therapeutic approach is client-centered & integrates a variety of therapeutic approaches to best meet each client’s needs. I want to work with people who want to: improve their overall quality of life, increase their self-awareness, learn to face and cope with stress & difficult emotions, & learn how to be more mindful of the world around themselves.
(202) 933-9538 View (202) 933-9538
Photo of Christopher Edwards, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Christopher Edwards
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20002
Life can constantly challenge our sense of self and confidence. I strongly feel that everyone is exactly who they ought to be. Each individual has strengths, and they can be difficult to identify when you’re struggling with your mental health. In my nearly 15 years of experience, I have worked with individuals who are experiencing every level of mental illness from its most disruptive forms to the day-to-day challenges. I have supported people in even the heaviest places recover, find a life of hope, and reaffirm their purpose.
Life can constantly challenge our sense of self and confidence. I strongly feel that everyone is exactly who they ought to be. Each individual has strengths, and they can be difficult to identify when you’re struggling with your mental health. In my nearly 15 years of experience, I have worked with individuals who are experiencing every level of mental illness from its most disruptive forms to the day-to-day challenges. I have supported people in even the heaviest places recover, find a life of hope, and reaffirm their purpose.
(202) 937-3791 View (202) 937-3791
Photo of Hope Center for Wellness, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Hope Center for Wellness
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW-C
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20006
We know every person is unique and as such the therapeutic process must be uniquely designed to cater to each client's needs. Using evidenced-based practices including Psychodynamic, Trauma Informed Care, EMDR, Somatic Experiencing, CBT, Strength Based, Narrative therapy, Mindfulness Based Approaches, Expressive Arts, among others, our team strives to support community members rise above the stressors that cause distress and suffering. We meet our clients wherever they are in their journey. In our work together, we tap your strengths and work in collaboration with you to achieve your wellness and therapy goals.
We know every person is unique and as such the therapeutic process must be uniquely designed to cater to each client's needs. Using evidenced-based practices including Psychodynamic, Trauma Informed Care, EMDR, Somatic Experiencing, CBT, Strength Based, Narrative therapy, Mindfulness Based Approaches, Expressive Arts, among others, our team strives to support community members rise above the stressors that cause distress and suffering. We meet our clients wherever they are in their journey. In our work together, we tap your strengths and work in collaboration with you to achieve your wellness and therapy goals.
(202) 953-4062 View (202) 953-4062
Photo of Miriam Jaffa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Miriam Jaffa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LMSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20007  (Online Only)
Every person brings unique life experiences, strengths & challenges to the therapeutic process. I work to collaborate with clients towards a customized treatment approach that best meets their needs. I treat adolescents and adults, grappling with a wide range of issues and I find that anxiety and depression often show up through a variety of manifestations. As such, my role is to help people better understand their root causes. Therapy is centered around enhanced emotional well-being through increased insight and decision-making capabilities as well as improved coping strategies.
Every person brings unique life experiences, strengths & challenges to the therapeutic process. I work to collaborate with clients towards a customized treatment approach that best meets their needs. I treat adolescents and adults, grappling with a wide range of issues and I find that anxiety and depression often show up through a variety of manifestations. As such, my role is to help people better understand their root causes. Therapy is centered around enhanced emotional well-being through increased insight and decision-making capabilities as well as improved coping strategies.
(202) 519-1992 View (202) 519-1992
Photo of Erika L Bond, Marriage & Family Therapist in Washington, DC
Erika L Bond
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, LCMFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20016
The number one regret of the dying is "I wish I had the courage to be authentically me". Our experience of giving and receiving love in childhood, is the position from which we all begin- and also where people can get stuck. If you have read this far, you feel the pull to invest in improving the quality of your life, and put energy into where you can productively stretch and grow. The most important work of our lifetime is discovering how to accept, and deeply love ourselves.
The number one regret of the dying is "I wish I had the courage to be authentically me". Our experience of giving and receiving love in childhood, is the position from which we all begin- and also where people can get stuck. If you have read this far, you feel the pull to invest in improving the quality of your life, and put energy into where you can productively stretch and grow. The most important work of our lifetime is discovering how to accept, and deeply love ourselves.
(833) 602-2213 View (833) 602-2213
Photo of Susan Fago, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Susan Fago
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
Are you a bundle of nerves? Do you often feel anxious or unsettled? Would you like to feel more present and engaged? For over thirty years I have been helping people learn to feel more comfortable being in their own skin and to deal with life's uncertainties and challenges. Together we will explore how your experiences have affected various aspects of your life so that you can begin to feel more calm, have more clarity and experience more joy and vitality.
Are you a bundle of nerves? Do you often feel anxious or unsettled? Would you like to feel more present and engaged? For over thirty years I have been helping people learn to feel more comfortable being in their own skin and to deal with life's uncertainties and challenges. Together we will explore how your experiences have affected various aspects of your life so that you can begin to feel more calm, have more clarity and experience more joy and vitality.
(202) 559-4784 View (202) 559-4784
Photo of Viva Goettinger, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Viva Goettinger
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
In each of us there is a wise and compassionate Self. It is already there, and does not have to be created or developed. Too often, however, our access to this Self is obscured by protective and sometimes conflicting thoughts and emotions. These protections were put in place for a reason, but can become outdated and even dysfunctional as we mature. In our therapy together we will uncover what is being protected, release old patterns and emotions, and create space for this wise Self to take a larger role in your life.
In each of us there is a wise and compassionate Self. It is already there, and does not have to be created or developed. Too often, however, our access to this Self is obscured by protective and sometimes conflicting thoughts and emotions. These protections were put in place for a reason, but can become outdated and even dysfunctional as we mature. In our therapy together we will uncover what is being protected, release old patterns and emotions, and create space for this wise Self to take a larger role in your life.
(202) 417-3305 View (202) 417-3305
Photo of Helena (Mimi) Martin, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Helena (Mimi) Martin
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20036
Life can and often does present us with challenges which create distress and make it difficult for us to feel satisfied. It can be very helpful to speak with a well-trained, experienced, and supportive person when facing such challenges. Whether you are looking for extra support during a stressful period of time or you are interested in focusing on longstanding difficulties, I offer to create a space that promotes symptom relief and results in greater awareness, satisfaction, confidence, and fulfillment.
Life can and often does present us with challenges which create distress and make it difficult for us to feel satisfied. It can be very helpful to speak with a well-trained, experienced, and supportive person when facing such challenges. Whether you are looking for extra support during a stressful period of time or you are interested in focusing on longstanding difficulties, I offer to create a space that promotes symptom relief and results in greater awareness, satisfaction, confidence, and fulfillment.
(202) 999-3362 View (202) 999-3362
Photo of Christine Greer O'Connor, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Christine Greer O'Connor
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20005
Are you in your twenties or thirties and feeling lost in life? While the many changes that occur during young adulthood like graduation, new jobs, and dating can be exciting they can also feel completely overwhelming. If you're struggling with some of these changes, you may be experiencing a quarterlife crisis. You are not alone, and we are here to help! Our therapists and career coaches at the Quarterlife Center specialize in helping young adults survive their quarterlife crisis and thrive in their lives. We are culturally competent, BIPOC allies, and LGBTQIA affirmative. All are welcome. To learn more: www.quarterlifecenter.com.
Are you in your twenties or thirties and feeling lost in life? While the many changes that occur during young adulthood like graduation, new jobs, and dating can be exciting they can also feel completely overwhelming. If you're struggling with some of these changes, you may be experiencing a quarterlife crisis. You are not alone, and we are here to help! Our therapists and career coaches at the Quarterlife Center specialize in helping young adults survive their quarterlife crisis and thrive in their lives. We are culturally competent, BIPOC allies, and LGBTQIA affirmative. All are welcome. To learn more: www.quarterlifecenter.com.
(202) 858-0177 View (202) 858-0177
Photo of Jocelyn Martin, Pre-Licensed Professional in Washington, DC
Jocelyn Martin
Pre-Licensed Professional, LGPC
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20009  (Online Only)
Welcome to a space where healing, growth, and self-discovery are at the heart of every conversation. I’m thrilled that you’re considering embarking on this journey with me. As a therapist, I bring a unique blend of empathy, understanding, and cultural sensitivity to our sessions. Life has its way of presenting us with challenges, and it’s a testament to your strength that you’re seeking support. In our time together, my goal is to create an environment where you feel heard, valued, and empowered to explore the depths of your thoughts and emotions.
Welcome to a space where healing, growth, and self-discovery are at the heart of every conversation. I’m thrilled that you’re considering embarking on this journey with me. As a therapist, I bring a unique blend of empathy, understanding, and cultural sensitivity to our sessions. Life has its way of presenting us with challenges, and it’s a testament to your strength that you’re seeking support. In our time together, my goal is to create an environment where you feel heard, valued, and empowered to explore the depths of your thoughts and emotions.
(202) 838-5263 View (202) 838-5263
Photo of Tim Van Den Broek, Licensed Professional Counselor in Washington, DC
Tim Van Den Broek
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MSc
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20006
My main goal as a counselor is to provide you with the emotional support you need while helping you regain full self-reliance. I will devote time and energy in understanding you in the context of your relationships, your character and the psychological distress you are experiencing. Through a transparent and collaborative approach I will help you set treatment goals, take the first steps toward change and work towards establishing a long-term improvement of your quality of life. By focusing on psychoeducation and relapse prevention I will help you acquire new skills and knowledge that will make you more resilient in the future.
My main goal as a counselor is to provide you with the emotional support you need while helping you regain full self-reliance. I will devote time and energy in understanding you in the context of your relationships, your character and the psychological distress you are experiencing. Through a transparent and collaborative approach I will help you set treatment goals, take the first steps toward change and work towards establishing a long-term improvement of your quality of life. By focusing on psychoeducation and relapse prevention I will help you acquire new skills and knowledge that will make you more resilient in the future.
(202) 952-1074 View (202) 952-1074
Photo of Melanie Dalton, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Melanie Dalton
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20007  (Online Only)
Let me share a little bit about myself and my education, professional background, and experiences. I have Bachelor degrees in Psychology and Sociology, then obtained a Master's of Social Work. Once I graduated with my Masters, I started working in the area of adotption and attachment. Then, I worked with adolescents and families for 8 years, where many clients had histories of trauma an abuse. Following that work, I decided to entirely switch my focus and worked in health care for 8 years in a variety of roles. Once the pandemic hit, I decided to get back to my "roots" and start seeing clients for therapy services again and h
Let me share a little bit about myself and my education, professional background, and experiences. I have Bachelor degrees in Psychology and Sociology, then obtained a Master's of Social Work. Once I graduated with my Masters, I started working in the area of adotption and attachment. Then, I worked with adolescents and families for 8 years, where many clients had histories of trauma an abuse. Following that work, I decided to entirely switch my focus and worked in health care for 8 years in a variety of roles. Once the pandemic hit, I decided to get back to my "roots" and start seeing clients for therapy services again and h
(703) 552-5470 View (703) 552-5470
Photo of Maja Guidry, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Washington, DC
Maja Guidry
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LGSW
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20016
I’m glad you've come to my page. Starting therapy is a brave first step to creating and maintaining change in your life. I am honored to work with clients in the process of overcoming current challenges, recovering from the past, or healing from trauma. I aim to provide a warm and safe space for the work we will do together. As a Licensed Graduate Social Worker, I offer individual and family sessions in my office in Tenleytown, DC or via telehealth. I specialize in working with clients who face anxiety and depression.
I’m glad you've come to my page. Starting therapy is a brave first step to creating and maintaining change in your life. I am honored to work with clients in the process of overcoming current challenges, recovering from the past, or healing from trauma. I aim to provide a warm and safe space for the work we will do together. As a Licensed Graduate Social Worker, I offer individual and family sessions in my office in Tenleytown, DC or via telehealth. I specialize in working with clients who face anxiety and depression.
(833) 853-0439 View (833) 853-0439
Photo of Emily Worthington, Counselor in Washington, DC
Emily Worthington
Counselor, M Ed, LGPC, LRC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Washington, DC 20016
Currently accepting new clients! My clients often begin therapy having identified some aspect of their life that is no longer serving them and wanting to make a change. As a licensed graduate professional counselor, I work with adolescents (starting at age 15) and adults who struggle with eating disorders, anxiety, depression, gender and sexual identity development, self harm, and attachment trauma. I aim to create a safe and secure therapeutic space where clients can not only imagine their ideal life, but start to turn that image into reality.
Currently accepting new clients! My clients often begin therapy having identified some aspect of their life that is no longer serving them and wanting to make a change. As a licensed graduate professional counselor, I work with adolescents (starting at age 15) and adults who struggle with eating disorders, anxiety, depression, gender and sexual identity development, self harm, and attachment trauma. I aim to create a safe and secure therapeutic space where clients can not only imagine their ideal life, but start to turn that image into reality.
(202) 796-7187 View (202) 796-7187
Photo of Stephanie Wolf, Psychologist in Washington, DC
Stephanie Wolf
Psychologist, JD, PhD
Verified Verified
Washington, DC 20015
Have you or a member of your family experienced a trauma, suffered a loss or are having trouble overcoming past events? I meet all children, individuals and families where they are. I try to put everyone at ease, answer all your questions and begin to instill hope that the problems will get better. I also have a specialty in forensic psychology and can put my assessment and clinical skills to use in the courtroom to help you achieve justice in the criminal or civil arena.
Have you or a member of your family experienced a trauma, suffered a loss or are having trouble overcoming past events? I meet all children, individuals and families where they are. I try to put everyone at ease, answer all your questions and begin to instill hope that the problems will get better. I also have a specialty in forensic psychology and can put my assessment and clinical skills to use in the courtroom to help you achieve justice in the criminal or civil arena.
(240) 671-0021 View (240) 671-0021

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Washington, DC

2,000+

Average cost per session

$180

Therapists in Washington, DC who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
89% Depression
81% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
68% Trauma and PTSD
68% Stress
65% Coping Skills

Average years in practice

13 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

63% BlueCross and BlueShield
57% CareFirst
53% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Washington, DC see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Washington?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.