Therapists in San Diego, CA

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Photo of Jonah Givelber, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Jonah Givelber
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LICSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92130  (Online Only)
In my many years as a social worker, I have worked extensively with children who struggle with ADHD, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and anger. I have helped many young people on the autism spectrum. I’m drawn to working with the younger population because, despite the troubles they’re having, their youth allows for a resilience that helps them overcome their hardships. It is a supportive, understanding, and humorous adult who can make a difference in a child’s life and their family’s life, and I find it a privilege to work in that role.
In my many years as a social worker, I have worked extensively with children who struggle with ADHD, anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and anger. I have helped many young people on the autism spectrum. I’m drawn to working with the younger population because, despite the troubles they’re having, their youth allows for a resilience that helps them overcome their hardships. It is a supportive, understanding, and humorous adult who can make a difference in a child’s life and their family’s life, and I find it a privilege to work in that role.
(619) 391-4229 View (619) 391-4229
Photo of Miranda Millican, PDA Affirming Therapist , Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Miranda Millican, PDA Affirming Therapist
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92102
Welcome! I work with autistic people and those who love them! I have personal experience in this area, I am a neurodivergent (ADHD and PDA) therapist who is a parent to a "neurospicy" autistic/PDA chid. PDA is pathological demand avoidance, or as I like to call it “persistent drive for autonomy". Although not yet an official diagnosis in the US, my goal is to create community and support around folks who identify themselves with these traits. I support teens, adults and couples around autism, PDA and ADHD and better understanding and communicating their needs to others.
Welcome! I work with autistic people and those who love them! I have personal experience in this area, I am a neurodivergent (ADHD and PDA) therapist who is a parent to a "neurospicy" autistic/PDA chid. PDA is pathological demand avoidance, or as I like to call it “persistent drive for autonomy". Although not yet an official diagnosis in the US, my goal is to create community and support around folks who identify themselves with these traits. I support teens, adults and couples around autism, PDA and ADHD and better understanding and communicating their needs to others.
(619) 853-2637 View (619) 853-2637
Photo of Dani Schaer, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Dani Schaer
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92130
I have a passion for helping teens, young adults, and families, grapple with challenges such as depression, anxiety, ADHD, and life transitions. Their needs include holistic support, coping skills, and improved family dynamics. Clients that want to build autonomy, confidence, and healthier relationships are ideal. They seek understanding, coping strategies, and a collaborative approach to navigate and thrive through their unique journeys.
I have a passion for helping teens, young adults, and families, grapple with challenges such as depression, anxiety, ADHD, and life transitions. Their needs include holistic support, coping skills, and improved family dynamics. Clients that want to build autonomy, confidence, and healthier relationships are ideal. They seek understanding, coping strategies, and a collaborative approach to navigate and thrive through their unique journeys.
(760) 334-5132 x103 View (760) 334-5132 x103
Photo of Sue Shrader-Hanes, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Sue Shrader-Hanes
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92120
About Sue Shrader-Hanes, MFT I began my career in San Diego California working with community based agencies. Initially most of my work was with youth at San Diego Youth Services. I was a case manager/therapist at the Storefront, a shelter for homeless youth that promoted education and I worked with what is now called the Monarch School to help youth on the streets continue their education even though they did not have parents to enroll them in school. This was groundbreaking in California.
About Sue Shrader-Hanes, MFT I began my career in San Diego California working with community based agencies. Initially most of my work was with youth at San Diego Youth Services. I was a case manager/therapist at the Storefront, a shelter for homeless youth that promoted education and I worked with what is now called the Monarch School to help youth on the streets continue their education even though they did not have parents to enroll them in school. This was groundbreaking in California.
(858) 465-4920 View (858) 465-4920
Photo of Jillian Starkey, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Jillian Starkey
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92130
Jillian Starkey is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been practicing since 2011. Jillian earned her Bachelors of Science in Clinical Psychology with a concentration on childhood disorders from the University of California, San Diego and her Masters of Clinical Social Work at the University of Central Florida. She is also a Certified Drug and Alcohol Abuse Counselor through the University of California, San Diego. Jillian has worked with a variety of populations, most extensively children and adolescents as well as addictions.
Jillian Starkey is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker who has been practicing since 2011. Jillian earned her Bachelors of Science in Clinical Psychology with a concentration on childhood disorders from the University of California, San Diego and her Masters of Clinical Social Work at the University of Central Florida. She is also a Certified Drug and Alcohol Abuse Counselor through the University of California, San Diego. Jillian has worked with a variety of populations, most extensively children and adolescents as well as addictions.
(858) 203-2426 View (858) 203-2426
Photo of Kirsten Badre, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Kirsten Badre
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92108
From chemical dependency, to trauma, to helping people manage anxiety and depression that comes from grief, loss, and life, I put my clients at the center of their healing. Inspired by Fred Rogers, my practice is based on the idea that "anything that is human is mentionable, and anything that is mentionable can be more manageable. When we can talk about our feelings, they become less overwhelming, less upsetting, and less scary. The people we trust with that important talk can help us know that we are not alone."
From chemical dependency, to trauma, to helping people manage anxiety and depression that comes from grief, loss, and life, I put my clients at the center of their healing. Inspired by Fred Rogers, my practice is based on the idea that "anything that is human is mentionable, and anything that is mentionable can be more manageable. When we can talk about our feelings, they become less overwhelming, less upsetting, and less scary. The people we trust with that important talk can help us know that we are not alone."
(619) 537-7971 View (619) 537-7971
Photo of Dr. Shanni Tal, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Dr. Shanni Tal
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92108
Traumatic experiences can really shift our view of ourselves and the world. We can feel stuck, disconnected from others and alone - wanting to hide away the parts of ourselves we feel too ashamed to share. Healing is possible when you are able to express your inner world to another, in a non-judgmental space. I strive to provide a safe environment for my clients, and have a warm and understanding approach to therapy. Together we can explore your past and learn about your emotional responses and patterns. Ultimately, you can learn to feel empowered by a new and compassionate understanding of yourself.
Traumatic experiences can really shift our view of ourselves and the world. We can feel stuck, disconnected from others and alone - wanting to hide away the parts of ourselves we feel too ashamed to share. Healing is possible when you are able to express your inner world to another, in a non-judgmental space. I strive to provide a safe environment for my clients, and have a warm and understanding approach to therapy. Together we can explore your past and learn about your emotional responses and patterns. Ultimately, you can learn to feel empowered by a new and compassionate understanding of yourself.
(619) 853-2464 View (619) 853-2464
Photo of Help Therapy | Mental Health Services, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Help Therapy | Mental Health Services
Psychologist, PsyD, LCSW, LMFT, NP, PNP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92103
Help Therapy boasts a network of more than 150 licensed clinical psychologists, LCSWs, LMFTs, and NPs, spanning over 100 specialties and treatment areas. Services we provide including psychotherapy, psychological evaluations and psychiatric services. By completing an intake form on HelpTherapy.com, you'll be paired with a therapist tailored to your specific treatment requirements, insurance coverage, and location preferences. You have the flexibility to choose how you'd like to connect with your provider—whether in-person, online, or via phone.
Help Therapy boasts a network of more than 150 licensed clinical psychologists, LCSWs, LMFTs, and NPs, spanning over 100 specialties and treatment areas. Services we provide including psychotherapy, psychological evaluations and psychiatric services. By completing an intake form on HelpTherapy.com, you'll be paired with a therapist tailored to your specific treatment requirements, insurance coverage, and location preferences. You have the flexibility to choose how you'd like to connect with your provider—whether in-person, online, or via phone.
(858) 800-4095 View (858) 800-4095
Photo of Emily Lindley, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Emily Lindley
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92130
Emily Lindley is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. She earned her Masters degree in Marital and Family Therapy from the University of San Diego in 2004. She has over twenty years of experience working with adults, adolescents, children, families and couples. She specializes in the treatment of anxiety, depression, parent-child conflict, relationship issues, communication difficulties, behavioral issues and grief work. She draws upon a variety of treatment approaches that include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy and Systems Therapy to best meet the needs of her patients.
Emily Lindley is a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. She earned her Masters degree in Marital and Family Therapy from the University of San Diego in 2004. She has over twenty years of experience working with adults, adolescents, children, families and couples. She specializes in the treatment of anxiety, depression, parent-child conflict, relationship issues, communication difficulties, behavioral issues and grief work. She draws upon a variety of treatment approaches that include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Behavioral Therapy, Dialectical Behavioral Therapy and Systems Therapy to best meet the needs of her patients.
(858) 758-3576 View (858) 758-3576
Photo of Doug Aucoin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Doug Aucoin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92103
Taking the first steps to make changes and move towards recovery and growth is often not easy but feeling better matters. You may feel as if you’re struggling even if you’re smart, hard-working and motivated, but you can feel better. Clients come to therapy burdened with such things as anxiety/mood concerns, grief/loss issues, low self-esteem, LGBTQ+ issues, men's issues or challenges with life transitions. You want to move forward and make positive changes but are not sure where to start. Have a mature, relational, compassionate and insight- oriented therapeutic partner with you on this journey. If you contact me, I will reach out.
Taking the first steps to make changes and move towards recovery and growth is often not easy but feeling better matters. You may feel as if you’re struggling even if you’re smart, hard-working and motivated, but you can feel better. Clients come to therapy burdened with such things as anxiety/mood concerns, grief/loss issues, low self-esteem, LGBTQ+ issues, men's issues or challenges with life transitions. You want to move forward and make positive changes but are not sure where to start. Have a mature, relational, compassionate and insight- oriented therapeutic partner with you on this journey. If you contact me, I will reach out.
(619) 492-7478 View (619) 492-7478
Photo of Nadine La Fleur, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Nadine La Fleur
Psychologist, CP
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92126
Hi there, I'm Nadine! The atmosphere I provide is warm and trusting without judgement. I allow the client to tell me their story without interruption. If I feel they need more help or direction it is provided. The helping professional has always allured. It felt like a natural and nice way to spend one's time in a career. There was also a desire to find out more about myself and what drives my own behavior. In addition, there was also a need to improve myself and be a compassionate and understanding human being.
Hi there, I'm Nadine! The atmosphere I provide is warm and trusting without judgement. I allow the client to tell me their story without interruption. If I feel they need more help or direction it is provided. The helping professional has always allured. It felt like a natural and nice way to spend one's time in a career. There was also a desire to find out more about myself and what drives my own behavior. In addition, there was also a need to improve myself and be a compassionate and understanding human being.
(858) 683-0811 View (858) 683-0811
Photo of Dr. Celeste Simmons, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Dr. Celeste Simmons
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92109  (Online Only)
Don't you just want to be a good parent? Don't you want to feel confident that what you are doing is good enough? You might feel like the "bad guy parent", thinking that you have to be the one to set the expectations, meanwhile feeling like your children resent you for it. You might feel guilty because being a parent does not always FEEL good...and you feel bad about that. Haven't you been frustrated and overwhelmed enough already? Aren't you tired of questioning whether or not what you are doing is best serving your children? When is enough enough? And let's not talk about when you have to collaborate on parent decisions...
Don't you just want to be a good parent? Don't you want to feel confident that what you are doing is good enough? You might feel like the "bad guy parent", thinking that you have to be the one to set the expectations, meanwhile feeling like your children resent you for it. You might feel guilty because being a parent does not always FEEL good...and you feel bad about that. Haven't you been frustrated and overwhelmed enough already? Aren't you tired of questioning whether or not what you are doing is best serving your children? When is enough enough? And let's not talk about when you have to collaborate on parent decisions...
(559) 212-3324 View (559) 212-3324
Photo of Shelley Davidescu, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Shelley Davidescu
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MFT
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92103
**VIDEO & IN PERSON SESSIONS AVAILABLE**Tossing and turning, can't sleep, worried all the time and so much change feels uncertain. Though I've never met you, I imagine how uncertain it feels to have so much change happening at once and your relationships under stress. Whether you're in a relationship or just ended one, you probably find yourself overthinking and feeling lonely and disconnected. Sometimes you just need to talk things out in a safe place with zero judgment with a strategy and a direction towards a solution.
**VIDEO & IN PERSON SESSIONS AVAILABLE**Tossing and turning, can't sleep, worried all the time and so much change feels uncertain. Though I've never met you, I imagine how uncertain it feels to have so much change happening at once and your relationships under stress. Whether you're in a relationship or just ended one, you probably find yourself overthinking and feeling lonely and disconnected. Sometimes you just need to talk things out in a safe place with zero judgment with a strategy and a direction towards a solution.
(619) 552-2506 View (619) 552-2506
Photo of Danielle Word, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Danielle Word
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92108
My name is Danielle, and I am so glad you are here. As a licensed therapist, I am very passionate about transformation and healing. I know it takes courage to seek therapy and to take that first step towards change. I have over 8 years of extensive experience working with with individuals facing an array of challenges including anxiety, depression, trauma, ADHD, low self-worth, and difficulties adjusting to life stressors. I also have experience working with Active Duty Service Members and their dependents.
My name is Danielle, and I am so glad you are here. As a licensed therapist, I am very passionate about transformation and healing. I know it takes courage to seek therapy and to take that first step towards change. I have over 8 years of extensive experience working with with individuals facing an array of challenges including anxiety, depression, trauma, ADHD, low self-worth, and difficulties adjusting to life stressors. I also have experience working with Active Duty Service Members and their dependents.
(858) 519-8002 View (858) 519-8002
Photo of Jessica A. Lopez, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Diego, CA
Jessica A. Lopez
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, MA, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108  (Online Only)
Hi, I'm Jessica! I'm an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, also known as a connection reviver and hope restorer. As a Native American woman and a transplant to San Diego, I bring a unique perspective to my work, rooted in my belief that we are capable of change. If you are grappling with anxiety or depression related to work, relationships, or your adult relationship with your parents, I'm here to support you. I specialize in helping individuals like you navigate the complexities of modern living, offering tailored support to address anxiety & depression, and guide you toward feeling better in yourself & in your relationships.
Hi, I'm Jessica! I'm an Associate Marriage and Family Therapist, also known as a connection reviver and hope restorer. As a Native American woman and a transplant to San Diego, I bring a unique perspective to my work, rooted in my belief that we are capable of change. If you are grappling with anxiety or depression related to work, relationships, or your adult relationship with your parents, I'm here to support you. I specialize in helping individuals like you navigate the complexities of modern living, offering tailored support to address anxiety & depression, and guide you toward feeling better in yourself & in your relationships.
(619) 378-4692 View (619) 378-4692
Photo of Mariana Agostina Mesnik, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Mariana Agostina Mesnik
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
I have over a decade of experience working with children, teens, and families in decreasing conflict, increasing self-esteem, and maximizing the potential to live a fuller, happier, and healthier life.
I have over a decade of experience working with children, teens, and families in decreasing conflict, increasing self-esteem, and maximizing the potential to live a fuller, happier, and healthier life.
(760) 377-9604 View (760) 377-9604
Photo of Megan Hamilton - Personal Evolution Psychotherapy, Pre-Licensed Professional in San Diego, CA
Megan Hamilton - Personal Evolution Psychotherapy
Pre-Licensed Professional, APCC, AMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92108
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed out or sad to the point that you can't live the life you want? Do you want to feel better & have a life worth living? Personal Evolution Psychotherapy (PEP) is a team of therapists that use Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) to overcome social anxiety, depression, communication & relationship issues, family conflict, panic, excessive worry & depression. Visit Us at www.PersonalEvolutionPsychotherapy.com. We provide much more than traditional talk therapy & help you get results to help control your emotions & your life. By doing this we can help more quickly. Call us today to schedule an appt.
Are you feeling overwhelmed, stressed out or sad to the point that you can't live the life you want? Do you want to feel better & have a life worth living? Personal Evolution Psychotherapy (PEP) is a team of therapists that use Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) to overcome social anxiety, depression, communication & relationship issues, family conflict, panic, excessive worry & depression. Visit Us at www.PersonalEvolutionPsychotherapy.com. We provide much more than traditional talk therapy & help you get results to help control your emotions & your life. By doing this we can help more quickly. Call us today to schedule an appt.
(619) 787-6676 View (619) 787-6676
Photo of Galina Nikolskaya in San Diego, CA
Galina Nikolskaya
MD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92121
I am a Neurologist, trained in CBT & Mindfulness. As a physician, I understand how physical issues lead to mental disharmony, and vise versa, how mind affects the body. I help patients with mood symptoms related to Neurologic conditions, ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Insomnia, Relationship issues and Parenting challenges. My approach is collaborative, holistic and compassionate.
I am a Neurologist, trained in CBT & Mindfulness. As a physician, I understand how physical issues lead to mental disharmony, and vise versa, how mind affects the body. I help patients with mood symptoms related to Neurologic conditions, ADHD, Anxiety, Depression, Insomnia, Relationship issues and Parenting challenges. My approach is collaborative, holistic and compassionate.
(619) 914-6238 View (619) 914-6238
Photo of Olivia Stagnaro, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Olivia Stagnaro
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92102
Do you seem successful on paper, yet feel unfulfilled inside? Maybe you're exhausted from striving for happiness, or your relationships aren’t as rewarding as you'd like. It's possible your past is affecting your current feelings, leading to moments of hopelessness about ever feeling content. You might struggle to recall a time when life felt different. However, you're definitely ready for a change, seeking relief and eager to rebuild your confidence and connect more deeply in your relationships.
Do you seem successful on paper, yet feel unfulfilled inside? Maybe you're exhausted from striving for happiness, or your relationships aren’t as rewarding as you'd like. It's possible your past is affecting your current feelings, leading to moments of hopelessness about ever feeling content. You might struggle to recall a time when life felt different. However, you're definitely ready for a change, seeking relief and eager to rebuild your confidence and connect more deeply in your relationships.
(619) 658-6471 View (619) 658-6471
Photo of Maria Hester, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Maria Hester
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92127
Hello, my name is Maria Genter Hester I am a licensed marriage family therapist they have been in private practice on and off for about 20 years. I love working with families and teens I have a specialty in postpartum mood and anxiety disorders, I also have training in dealing with perinatal loss, abortion, miscarriage and grief.
Hello, my name is Maria Genter Hester I am a licensed marriage family therapist they have been in private practice on and off for about 20 years. I love working with families and teens I have a specialty in postpartum mood and anxiety disorders, I also have training in dealing with perinatal loss, abortion, miscarriage and grief.
(858) 758-8430 View (858) 758-8430

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Diego, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
71% Self Esteem
66% Relationship Issues
66% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
62% Stress

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
74% Cigna and Evernorth
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Diego, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.