Therapists in Nashville, TN

View neighborhoods in Nashville
Photo of Jill Shrum, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Jill Shrum
Licensed Professional Counselor, EdS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37207
I help folks with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, religious wounding, identity, and life transitions. I can help you cultivate hope for yourself and for the people around you, which can make all the difference in your life’s journey. My therapeutic approach emphasizes a relational, trauma-informed connection, with room for creativity and laughter. I offer a space in which clients can feel safe and seen as they are, without judgment or shame, because therapy isn’t “one size fits all”. I want to find the path that fits YOU best so you feel empowered to move towards the change you want to see.
I help folks with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, religious wounding, identity, and life transitions. I can help you cultivate hope for yourself and for the people around you, which can make all the difference in your life’s journey. My therapeutic approach emphasizes a relational, trauma-informed connection, with room for creativity and laughter. I offer a space in which clients can feel safe and seen as they are, without judgment or shame, because therapy isn’t “one size fits all”. I want to find the path that fits YOU best so you feel empowered to move towards the change you want to see.
(615) 552-0469 View (615) 552-0469
Photo of Day Wall, Counselor in Nashville, TN
Day Wall
Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37216
Seeking help is a courageous step in many of our lives and I am honored to be given the opportunity to share in the journey of healing with my clients. I work with individuals, couples, and families to provide counseling on a wide variety of life issues. I have experience helping clients work through depression, anxiety, life transitions, trauma, grief, divorce, marital issues, job satisfaction, and family conflict.
Seeking help is a courageous step in many of our lives and I am honored to be given the opportunity to share in the journey of healing with my clients. I work with individuals, couples, and families to provide counseling on a wide variety of life issues. I have experience helping clients work through depression, anxiety, life transitions, trauma, grief, divorce, marital issues, job satisfaction, and family conflict.
(615) 610-1383 View (615) 610-1383
Photo of Alisha Irby, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Alisha Irby
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37208
Asking for help is sometimes difficult, and also powerful. Daily struggles with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, intrusive thoughts can become overwhelming. Complex trauma, substance use, eating disorders, unhealthy relationships, are among a few that can also keep us from our authentic self. In order to survive through all of this and keep going, it is common to adapt in ways that end up no longer working. We need help. That help comes from recognizing the gifts we have in ourselves and getting the gifts of others. My gift is to help others with aligning the head and the heart while healing to recognize authentic self.
Asking for help is sometimes difficult, and also powerful. Daily struggles with anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, intrusive thoughts can become overwhelming. Complex trauma, substance use, eating disorders, unhealthy relationships, are among a few that can also keep us from our authentic self. In order to survive through all of this and keep going, it is common to adapt in ways that end up no longer working. We need help. That help comes from recognizing the gifts we have in ourselves and getting the gifts of others. My gift is to help others with aligning the head and the heart while healing to recognize authentic self.
(615) 265-6750 View (615) 265-6750
Photo of Angela Tamayo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Angela Tamayo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37211  (Online Only)
My passion is to see my clients being successful in healing and thriving. From my experience, each individual has unique needs. I work with clients to address such needs with tailored therapies, counseling, and education. I am a bilingual therapist and counselor who approaches humans with empathy, dignity, and no judgment. I am fluent in both English and Spanish and see clients in both languages. I use evidence-based therapies to meet the needs of individuals, families, and groups.
My passion is to see my clients being successful in healing and thriving. From my experience, each individual has unique needs. I work with clients to address such needs with tailored therapies, counseling, and education. I am a bilingual therapist and counselor who approaches humans with empathy, dignity, and no judgment. I am fluent in both English and Spanish and see clients in both languages. I use evidence-based therapies to meet the needs of individuals, families, and groups.
(615) 709-0873 View (615) 709-0873
Photo of Julia Krump, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Julia Krump
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37204  (Online Only)
I help people recover from people-pleasing, perfectionism, and other ways of coping with that uneasy feeling of insecurity in relationships. I know how it feels – I’ve been there too. I know how it feels to feel like you’re holding up the sky and that you must earn your place in someone’s life. And I know how it feels to learn how to let go and say, “no more” and go about creating the life you want, not the one you feel you have to do.
I help people recover from people-pleasing, perfectionism, and other ways of coping with that uneasy feeling of insecurity in relationships. I know how it feels – I’ve been there too. I know how it feels to feel like you’re holding up the sky and that you must earn your place in someone’s life. And I know how it feels to learn how to let go and say, “no more” and go about creating the life you want, not the one you feel you have to do.
(629) 465-4836 View (629) 465-4836
Photo of Elument, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Elument
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37204
Are you wanting to transform your life with psychedelic medicine? Elument is dedicated to providing knowledgeable, supportive, and inclusive psychedelic therapy to Nashville, TN and throughout the Southeast. Founded in 2019, we are the first psychedelic healing center in Tennessee. Our staff is highly trained and experienced and here to help you break through stuck patterns that are limiting growth, happiness, and life satisfaction.
Are you wanting to transform your life with psychedelic medicine? Elument is dedicated to providing knowledgeable, supportive, and inclusive psychedelic therapy to Nashville, TN and throughout the Southeast. Founded in 2019, we are the first psychedelic healing center in Tennessee. Our staff is highly trained and experienced and here to help you break through stuck patterns that are limiting growth, happiness, and life satisfaction.
(615) 437-7162 View (615) 437-7162
Photo of NOCD - Therapists for OCD, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
NOCD - Therapists for OCD
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37209
Imagine what life would be like if you weren't bothered by OCD. NOCD is here to help you regain peace of mind. NOCD is a digital health company that’s focused on effectively treating people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Inside the NOCD mobile app, you can work with one of our licensed mental health therapists with specialty training in OCD. When your therapist isn’t available, access support communities and therapeutic tools - so that you are never alone. NOCD’s protocol has been proven to reduce OCD severity by 40% in less than 10 weeks.
Imagine what life would be like if you weren't bothered by OCD. NOCD is here to help you regain peace of mind. NOCD is a digital health company that’s focused on effectively treating people with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Inside the NOCD mobile app, you can work with one of our licensed mental health therapists with specialty training in OCD. When your therapist isn’t available, access support communities and therapeutic tools - so that you are never alone. NOCD’s protocol has been proven to reduce OCD severity by 40% in less than 10 weeks.
(872) 250-5010 View (872) 250-5010
Photo of Beth Nelson, Counselor in Nashville, TN
Beth Nelson
Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
4 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
I have been a licensed counselor for over fifteen years and I have been in the helping profession for nearly thirty-five years. Much of my experience is working with people who have experienced trauma, especially within relationships. I work best with individuals who are dealing with trauma, anxiety, depression, and issues of empowerment. I feel you are the expert concerning your life. Maybe you just need some help exploring that. My style is not to give advice, but rather to provide a safe environment and relationship where you can feel free to grow and transform.
I have been a licensed counselor for over fifteen years and I have been in the helping profession for nearly thirty-five years. Much of my experience is working with people who have experienced trauma, especially within relationships. I work best with individuals who are dealing with trauma, anxiety, depression, and issues of empowerment. I feel you are the expert concerning your life. Maybe you just need some help exploring that. My style is not to give advice, but rather to provide a safe environment and relationship where you can feel free to grow and transform.
(615) 212-8002 View (615) 212-8002
Photo of Beth Diveley, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Beth Diveley
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37205
I think of therapy as a way to free ourselves from obstacles that prevent us from moving forward with our lives. Challenges such as problems at work, difficult relationships or the sudden impact of a traumatic event. I am genuinely interested in your story. I would like to partner with you to help you find clarity, wisdom, strength and support so you can identity what needs to shift in your life to create positive change.
I think of therapy as a way to free ourselves from obstacles that prevent us from moving forward with our lives. Challenges such as problems at work, difficult relationships or the sudden impact of a traumatic event. I am genuinely interested in your story. I would like to partner with you to help you find clarity, wisdom, strength and support so you can identity what needs to shift in your life to create positive change.
(615) 813-4835 View (615) 813-4835
Photo of Kerisha Tidwell, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Kerisha Tidwell
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37205
I bet you’re wondering what kind of therapist I am. Well, I am just like you, a regular person working to become the best version of myself every day. I provide a non-judgmental space for you to work through and understand your situation. I want to assist you on your journey and challenge you as I see the potential in all of my clients. I will advocate for you, encourage you, and be your safe space. I value individuality and embrace multiculturism, so come as your authentic self. Building a therapeutic relationship is my primary goal, and I strive to lead with empathy and understanding. I look forward to working with you.
I bet you’re wondering what kind of therapist I am. Well, I am just like you, a regular person working to become the best version of myself every day. I provide a non-judgmental space for you to work through and understand your situation. I want to assist you on your journey and challenge you as I see the potential in all of my clients. I will advocate for you, encourage you, and be your safe space. I value individuality and embrace multiculturism, so come as your authentic self. Building a therapeutic relationship is my primary goal, and I strive to lead with empathy and understanding. I look forward to working with you.
(615) 437-8817 View (615) 437-8817
Photo of Chris Hinson, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Chris Hinson
Pre-Licensed Professional, LPC, MHSP, (temp), NCC, EdS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37212
My name is Chris. I believe that healing happens in safe spaces where people are allowed to be their authentic selves, maybe for the first time in their life! I specialize in working with teens & adults who have ADHD, anxiety, school or work struggles, or just figuring out how to navigate being themselves in broken systems. I am also passionate about helping men, women, and gender-nonconforming persons cultivate healthy expressions of emotions and behaviors in all facets of their lives. I am also experienced in helping people develop and maintain healthy relationships, whether that’s romantic, familial, or friendship.
My name is Chris. I believe that healing happens in safe spaces where people are allowed to be their authentic selves, maybe for the first time in their life! I specialize in working with teens & adults who have ADHD, anxiety, school or work struggles, or just figuring out how to navigate being themselves in broken systems. I am also passionate about helping men, women, and gender-nonconforming persons cultivate healthy expressions of emotions and behaviors in all facets of their lives. I am also experienced in helping people develop and maintain healthy relationships, whether that’s romantic, familial, or friendship.
(615) 703-4517 View (615) 703-4517
Photo of Paula Rampulla, Psychologist in Nashville, TN
Paula Rampulla
Psychologist, PhD, HSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37203
I’m a Licensed Psychologist. I obtained my doctorate degree from the University of Salamanca in Spain. I have 13 years of clinical psychology experience working in different clinical settings including student counseling centers, community mental health services, medical clinics and private practice.
I’m a Licensed Psychologist. I obtained my doctorate degree from the University of Salamanca in Spain. I have 13 years of clinical psychology experience working in different clinical settings including student counseling centers, community mental health services, medical clinics and private practice.
(615) 802-5830 View (615) 802-5830
Photo of Lj Ratliff, LCSW, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Nashville, TN
Lj Ratliff, LCSW
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37216
I believe the therapeutic relationship heals and will keep good boundaries while also genuinely caring about your well-being. I am a warm, intelligent, down-to-earth person who snorts when she laughs. I am interactive and fun, compassionate and heart-centered, as well as grounded and practical. I welcome all people from all walks of life and will allow your therapy journey to unfold organically, at your pace and with your power. I also give feedback and homework and will give you gentle nudges from time to time, if needed. Therapy is hard and fun and beautiful and painful. I hold safe space.
I believe the therapeutic relationship heals and will keep good boundaries while also genuinely caring about your well-being. I am a warm, intelligent, down-to-earth person who snorts when she laughs. I am interactive and fun, compassionate and heart-centered, as well as grounded and practical. I welcome all people from all walks of life and will allow your therapy journey to unfold organically, at your pace and with your power. I also give feedback and homework and will give you gentle nudges from time to time, if needed. Therapy is hard and fun and beautiful and painful. I hold safe space.
(615) 258-6503 View (615) 258-6503
Photo of Christina Oliver, Counselor in Nashville, TN
Christina Oliver
Counselor, MA, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37212
A strong therapeutic relationship can provide the context for transformative healing and growth. I work well with people who have experienced trauma or deprivation in their early experience and who desire healing from those events, as well as those who feel stuck in unhealthy patterns of behavior. Since many chronic issues contain elements of earlier experiences, our work together may include increasing your awareness about how your past is at work in the present, reducing its ability to dictate your responses and choices, and letting go of defensive strategies that worked in the past but are not serving you now.
A strong therapeutic relationship can provide the context for transformative healing and growth. I work well with people who have experienced trauma or deprivation in their early experience and who desire healing from those events, as well as those who feel stuck in unhealthy patterns of behavior. Since many chronic issues contain elements of earlier experiences, our work together may include increasing your awareness about how your past is at work in the present, reducing its ability to dictate your responses and choices, and letting go of defensive strategies that worked in the past but are not serving you now.
(615) 823-6041 View (615) 823-6041
Photo of Claire Fajardo Belcher, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Claire Fajardo Belcher
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37211
I work with adults and teenagers experiencing mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression, grief, PTSD, complex PTSD, Schizophrenia, Bi-polar, Emotional Disturbance, Reactive Attachment Disorder and addiction. Additionally, I have an extensive background history working with teenagers and adults diagnosed with Asperger's and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
I work with adults and teenagers experiencing mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression, grief, PTSD, complex PTSD, Schizophrenia, Bi-polar, Emotional Disturbance, Reactive Attachment Disorder and addiction. Additionally, I have an extensive background history working with teenagers and adults diagnosed with Asperger's and Autism Spectrum Disorder.
(615) 802-4973 View (615) 802-4973
Photo of Hopeful Hues Counseling, Licensed Social Worker in Nashville, TN
Hopeful Hues Counseling
Licensed Social Worker, LMSW
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37221  (Online Only)
Waitlist for new clients
My name is Hannah and I am passionate about working with teens and adolescents as they navigate the stressors that come with growing up. This could present in a multitude of ways consisting of emotional regulation, exploring sexuality/identity, navigating transitions in school, conflicts with family and peers, high acuity depression or self-harm, or living through parents divorce/separation. Additionally, young adults exhibiting symptoms of PTSD and complex trauma who are ready to process and return to their life before the trauma are another sweet spot of mine.
My name is Hannah and I am passionate about working with teens and adolescents as they navigate the stressors that come with growing up. This could present in a multitude of ways consisting of emotional regulation, exploring sexuality/identity, navigating transitions in school, conflicts with family and peers, high acuity depression or self-harm, or living through parents divorce/separation. Additionally, young adults exhibiting symptoms of PTSD and complex trauma who are ready to process and return to their life before the trauma are another sweet spot of mine.
(629) 280-3980 View (629) 280-3980
Photo of Tonya Mills, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Tonya Mills
Licensed Professional Counselor, NCC, LPC-, MHSP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37203
If you feel you sometimes get in the way of your own happiness, or find yourself repeating relationship patterns that are ineffective, I may be a good fit for you. Whether the difficulty is past trauma or present circumstances, I enjoy working with individuals who long to create a healthier connection with themselves and others. Disconnectedness can result in anxiety, isolation, depression or addiction. I understand the panic and fear that surfaces when my clients have been hurt by themselves or by those they love the most. I create a safe space for them to process difficult experiences, while learning to live a more fulfilled life
If you feel you sometimes get in the way of your own happiness, or find yourself repeating relationship patterns that are ineffective, I may be a good fit for you. Whether the difficulty is past trauma or present circumstances, I enjoy working with individuals who long to create a healthier connection with themselves and others. Disconnectedness can result in anxiety, isolation, depression or addiction. I understand the panic and fear that surfaces when my clients have been hurt by themselves or by those they love the most. I create a safe space for them to process difficult experiences, while learning to live a more fulfilled life
(615) 307-4123 View (615) 307-4123
Photo of Inna N Lyons, Pre-Licensed Professional in Nashville, TN
Inna N Lyons
Pre-Licensed Professional, LMSW
Verified Verified
Nashville, TN 37217
Waitlist for new clients
I enjoy supporting individuals ages 16+ with anxiety, depression, mood disorder, complex trauma, and those belonging to the IDD population with outpatient services. Finding the right tools that work for you and help you to reach your specific goals in therapy is invaluable.
I enjoy supporting individuals ages 16+ with anxiety, depression, mood disorder, complex trauma, and those belonging to the IDD population with outpatient services. Finding the right tools that work for you and help you to reach your specific goals in therapy is invaluable.
(615) 437-9420 View (615) 437-9420
Photo of LanJericha Finch, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
LanJericha Finch
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, MHSP
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37216
I am a compassionate and down-to-Earth, strengths-based therapist. I provide counseling that addresses the areas of trauma, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, substance abuse, and relational issues. I commit to providing a safe space to explore beliefs and how they impact your behavior and perspectives of yourself and the world around you while also teaching practical skills to help navigate life more effectively. I am trained in a number of evidence-based modalities which enable me to have an integrated and individualized approach. You are taking a big step! Let's journey together to create holistic wellness: mind, body, and spirit.
I am a compassionate and down-to-Earth, strengths-based therapist. I provide counseling that addresses the areas of trauma, depression, anxiety, self-esteem, substance abuse, and relational issues. I commit to providing a safe space to explore beliefs and how they impact your behavior and perspectives of yourself and the world around you while also teaching practical skills to help navigate life more effectively. I am trained in a number of evidence-based modalities which enable me to have an integrated and individualized approach. You are taking a big step! Let's journey together to create holistic wellness: mind, body, and spirit.
(615) 203-8056 View (615) 203-8056
Photo of Melissa Buchanan, Licensed Professional Counselor in Nashville, TN
Melissa Buchanan
Licensed Professional Counselor, MS, LPC, CCTP
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Nashville, TN 37214
Hi, my name is Melissa Buchanan and I would love the chance to hear your story and walk alongside you on your journey. As a therapist, I aim to be in your corner, creating a safe, dependable place to help you process, think outside the box, and feel supported through life's tough moments. I believe many factors impact who you are today (trauma, upbringing, culture, relationship influences, etc), but they do not have to determine your future. While counseling with me, we can get through your concerns together by identifying patterns and focusing more on your goals, in lieu of the things weighing you down and causing you pain.
Hi, my name is Melissa Buchanan and I would love the chance to hear your story and walk alongside you on your journey. As a therapist, I aim to be in your corner, creating a safe, dependable place to help you process, think outside the box, and feel supported through life's tough moments. I believe many factors impact who you are today (trauma, upbringing, culture, relationship influences, etc), but they do not have to determine your future. While counseling with me, we can get through your concerns together by identifying patterns and focusing more on your goals, in lieu of the things weighing you down and causing you pain.
(615) 800-6900 View (615) 800-6900

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Nashville, TN

1,000+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Nashville, TN who prioritize treating:

92% Anxiety
85% Depression
78% Relationship Issues
77% Self Esteem
71% Trauma and PTSD
69% Coping Skills
69% Stress

Average years in practice

9 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

74% Cigna and Evernorth
73% Aetna
65% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Nashville, TN see their clients

76% In Person and Online
24% Online Only

Gender breakdown

79% Female
20% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Nashville?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.