Therapists in Alexandria, VA

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Photo of Dr. Barbara Hernandez, Clinical Psychologist, Psychologist in Alexandria, VA
Dr. Barbara Hernandez, Clinical Psychologist
Psychologist, PhD, MS, LCP, CSOTP
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Are you or your teenager experiencing difficulty? In therapy, you can develop coping skills to address depression, anxiety, psychosis, addiction, eating disorders, trauma, and problematic sexual behaviors. You can reduce family conflict and live a healthier and more fulfilling life. Therapy will use evidence-based approaches for sustainable improvement. Contact me via phone, text, or email. I am looking forward to helping you! You are not alone.
Are you or your teenager experiencing difficulty? In therapy, you can develop coping skills to address depression, anxiety, psychosis, addiction, eating disorders, trauma, and problematic sexual behaviors. You can reduce family conflict and live a healthier and more fulfilling life. Therapy will use evidence-based approaches for sustainable improvement. Contact me via phone, text, or email. I am looking forward to helping you! You are not alone.
(571) 487-8850 View (571) 487-8850
Photo of Leiah Aleksich, Pre-Licensed Professional in Alexandria, VA
Leiah Aleksich
Pre-Licensed Professional, LSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304
Hi there, I'm Leiah Aleksich, a social work supervisee bringing 2 years of experience in individual therapy to the table. My main focus is supporting adolescents and young adults grappling with life transitions, depression, motivation, and various other challenges. I strive to cultivate a welcoming space for my clients, enabling us to delve into emotions, thoughts, and triggers together. I firmly believe in the uniqueness of every individual, which is why I tailor our approach to suit you and your specific needs, aiming to develop coping strategies that resonate with your personality.
Hi there, I'm Leiah Aleksich, a social work supervisee bringing 2 years of experience in individual therapy to the table. My main focus is supporting adolescents and young adults grappling with life transitions, depression, motivation, and various other challenges. I strive to cultivate a welcoming space for my clients, enabling us to delve into emotions, thoughts, and triggers together. I firmly believe in the uniqueness of every individual, which is why I tailor our approach to suit you and your specific needs, aiming to develop coping strategies that resonate with your personality.
(703) 936-6221 View (703) 936-6221
Photo of Rachel Hicks, Pre-Licensed Professional in Alexandria, VA
Rachel Hicks
Pre-Licensed Professional, MEd
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Rachel's therapeutic style is primarily Solutions Focused Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral, as well as numerous other approaches to better assist her clients. Client centered focus is always on the forefront, you are in control, you make your own choices, and you know what is best for yourself.
Rachel's therapeutic style is primarily Solutions Focused Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral, as well as numerous other approaches to better assist her clients. Client centered focus is always on the forefront, you are in control, you make your own choices, and you know what is best for yourself.
(703) 552-8990 View (703) 552-8990
Photo of Amy Askew, Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Amy Askew
Counselor, LCPC, MS, IFS
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Congratulations on taking the first step to building a better life. As an Internal Family Systems (IFS) trained licensed clinician from the IFS institute, I compassionately counsel adults to help them lead a more engaged and meaningful life. I work with clients struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, behavioral concerns, life transitions and productivity issues. Utilizing a very collaborative and interactive style, I empower my clients to uncover their authenticity while building new strengths and skills. I can help you make space in your life for more enjoyment, and meaning.
Congratulations on taking the first step to building a better life. As an Internal Family Systems (IFS) trained licensed clinician from the IFS institute, I compassionately counsel adults to help them lead a more engaged and meaningful life. I work with clients struggling with depression, anxiety, relationship issues, behavioral concerns, life transitions and productivity issues. Utilizing a very collaborative and interactive style, I empower my clients to uncover their authenticity while building new strengths and skills. I can help you make space in your life for more enjoyment, and meaning.
(410) 431-1782 View (410) 431-1782
Photo of Sara Burleson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Sara Burleson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LGSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
I'm deeply committed to creating an inclusive and affirming space for all individuals, including members of the LGBTQIA+ community, the kink community, and sex workers. With a sex-positive and affirming approach, I offer support and guidance to clients exploring their identities, relationships, sexual experiences, and lifestyle changes. Whether you're navigating questions of gender identity, sexual orientation, ethical non-monogamy, kink dynamics, or seeking sex therapy, I provide a non-judgmental environment where you can explore these aspects of yourself openly and authentically.
I'm deeply committed to creating an inclusive and affirming space for all individuals, including members of the LGBTQIA+ community, the kink community, and sex workers. With a sex-positive and affirming approach, I offer support and guidance to clients exploring their identities, relationships, sexual experiences, and lifestyle changes. Whether you're navigating questions of gender identity, sexual orientation, ethical non-monogamy, kink dynamics, or seeking sex therapy, I provide a non-judgmental environment where you can explore these aspects of yourself openly and authentically.
(571) 496-8658 View (571) 496-8658
Photo of Laura Tozier, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Laura Tozier
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, MSW, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22305  (Online Only)
I specialize in premarital counseling and couple therapy. I have been inspired by the diversity of experiences and strengths of those I have had the pleasure to work with. We all go through challenging times in our lives. Exploring our situation offers the opportunity to learn and grow. Together, we will focus on a clear purpose, taking small consistent steps toward change.
I specialize in premarital counseling and couple therapy. I have been inspired by the diversity of experiences and strengths of those I have had the pleasure to work with. We all go through challenging times in our lives. Exploring our situation offers the opportunity to learn and grow. Together, we will focus on a clear purpose, taking small consistent steps toward change.
(571) 536-7457 View (571) 536-7457
Photo of Miko Zupanc, Pre-Licensed Professional in Alexandria, VA
Miko Zupanc
Pre-Licensed Professional
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Hello! My name is Miko and I am a counseling resident at Counseling and Forensic Services, Inc. I offer an open-minded, judgment-free, collaborative approach when helping clients achieve their personal goals. I have experience working with diverse communities with a variety of concerns including but not limited to LGBTQ+, HIV+, trauma, depression, anxiety, life transitions, issues of death and dying, personality disorders, sexual abuse, sexual offenders, and more.
Hello! My name is Miko and I am a counseling resident at Counseling and Forensic Services, Inc. I offer an open-minded, judgment-free, collaborative approach when helping clients achieve their personal goals. I have experience working with diverse communities with a variety of concerns including but not limited to LGBTQ+, HIV+, trauma, depression, anxiety, life transitions, issues of death and dying, personality disorders, sexual abuse, sexual offenders, and more.
(571) 556-7694 View (571) 556-7694
Photo of Mark A Boothe, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Mark A Boothe
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LICSW, LCSW, SAP
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Our life journey is challenging with unanticipated twists, turns, bumps and detours. How we choose to navigate these challenges will profoundly impact our ability to live a healthier, happier, and emotionally stable life.
Our life journey is challenging with unanticipated twists, turns, bumps and detours. How we choose to navigate these challenges will profoundly impact our ability to live a healthier, happier, and emotionally stable life.
(202) 796-7470 View (202) 796-7470
Photo of Erin Elizabeth Cuomo, Pre-Licensed Professional in Alexandria, VA
Erin Elizabeth Cuomo
Pre-Licensed Professional, MA, LPC-R
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
Mental health can be difficult to navigate. Negative thinking may consume you causing chaos in your head that may leave you exhausted. Your energy is depleted, and easy everyday tasks feel overwhelming. The fog that has set in is preventing you from feeling fulfilled in your relationships, and you have little enjoyment in your world. Therapy can provide a path to heal your mind and assist you in returning to your authentic self. Through our therapeutic alliance I will work with you as you strive to bring joy and fulfillment back into your life.
Mental health can be difficult to navigate. Negative thinking may consume you causing chaos in your head that may leave you exhausted. Your energy is depleted, and easy everyday tasks feel overwhelming. The fog that has set in is preventing you from feeling fulfilled in your relationships, and you have little enjoyment in your world. Therapy can provide a path to heal your mind and assist you in returning to your authentic self. Through our therapeutic alliance I will work with you as you strive to bring joy and fulfillment back into your life.
(540) 845-6940 x1 View (540) 845-6940 x1
Photo of Polly Garcia, Resident in Counseling in Alexandria, VA
Polly Garcia
Resident in Counseling, MA, MS, NCC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304  (Online Only)
My focus is primarily working with adults dealing with anxiety, depression, life transitions, relationship issues, family stressors, career challenges, and people looking to find a stronger mind/body connection. My theoretical approach is based strongly in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Using CBT with my clients means that some of the time will be spent exploring core beliefs, values systems, and how negative self-talk might be influencing present behavior. I also like to establish short and long-term goals with my clients and, together, discover ways in which to achieve them.
My focus is primarily working with adults dealing with anxiety, depression, life transitions, relationship issues, family stressors, career challenges, and people looking to find a stronger mind/body connection. My theoretical approach is based strongly in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Using CBT with my clients means that some of the time will be spent exploring core beliefs, values systems, and how negative self-talk might be influencing present behavior. I also like to establish short and long-term goals with my clients and, together, discover ways in which to achieve them.
(571) 474-2073 View (571) 474-2073
Photo of Christopher Ned, LMSW — Trauma, CBT, ADHD & more, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Christopher Ned, LMSW — Trauma, CBT, ADHD & more
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LMSW, LMPH-S, MS
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Is ADHD interfering with your ability to succeed in your professional or personal life? Do you frequently feel nervous or stressed? Do you lack motivation or energy to get stuff done? Are you having difficulty controlling your drinking, your emotions, or substance use? Do you have difficulties in creating and supporting healthy relationships? In therapy, you can expect help to build practical tools that you can start applying right away to make your life better in tangible ways. You can become more balanced, more focused, and more centered. Contact me via phone, text, or email. I am looking forward to hearing your story.
Is ADHD interfering with your ability to succeed in your professional or personal life? Do you frequently feel nervous or stressed? Do you lack motivation or energy to get stuff done? Are you having difficulty controlling your drinking, your emotions, or substance use? Do you have difficulties in creating and supporting healthy relationships? In therapy, you can expect help to build practical tools that you can start applying right away to make your life better in tangible ways. You can become more balanced, more focused, and more centered. Contact me via phone, text, or email. I am looking forward to hearing your story.
(571) 554-2365 View (571) 554-2365
Photo of Clio Long, Psychologist in Alexandria, VA
Clio Long
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22306
Are you an intelligent, hardworking, good person? Are you unhappy, discouraged, thoroughly stuck? Not knowing where you are going or how to get there? It's your "emotional brain," who drives your life, often without your awareness, but does not speak the same language of your thoughts. That's why you often can't fix a problem, even when you very well know what it is. It's a communication break down. I will help your emotional brain get unstuck so you can have the life you want. I can help you conquer your fears, lift depression, be happy with yourself.
Are you an intelligent, hardworking, good person? Are you unhappy, discouraged, thoroughly stuck? Not knowing where you are going or how to get there? It's your "emotional brain," who drives your life, often without your awareness, but does not speak the same language of your thoughts. That's why you often can't fix a problem, even when you very well know what it is. It's a communication break down. I will help your emotional brain get unstuck so you can have the life you want. I can help you conquer your fears, lift depression, be happy with yourself.
(703) 691-5416 View (703) 691-5416
Photo of Patrycia Hatten, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Patrycia Hatten
Licensed Professional Counselor
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22310  (Online Only)
Patrycia Hatten is a Licensed Professional Counselor with more than 12 years of experience providing services to various populations in the mental health and substance use field. She specializes in anxiety, trauma, grief, anger management, stress management, depression, and finding ways to smooth out those big challenges in life. Patrycia completed her Masters in Clinical Counseling with an emphasis in couples and family therapy at the University of Northern Colorado. She has worked extensively with all ages, with clients ranging from 5-70 years old.
Patrycia Hatten is a Licensed Professional Counselor with more than 12 years of experience providing services to various populations in the mental health and substance use field. She specializes in anxiety, trauma, grief, anger management, stress management, depression, and finding ways to smooth out those big challenges in life. Patrycia completed her Masters in Clinical Counseling with an emphasis in couples and family therapy at the University of Northern Colorado. She has worked extensively with all ages, with clients ranging from 5-70 years old.
(703) 783-4039 View (703) 783-4039
Photo of Mari J Itzkowitz, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Mari J Itzkowitz
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, TAC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22306
Everyone experiences loss. Seldom do we allow ourselves to fully experience loss or it's impact. When someone dies, we change jobs, or even have a child, there is loss. When we choose to address these losses, past or present, we can begin to heal, and with healing comes unlimited possibility. I work with families/individuals/children and the impact family dynamics have on their lives; adoptees and their families as they deal their losses; bereaved individuals and groups after the death of a loved one; transitional loss and role adjustment included "empty nest"; corporate downsizing; career counseling; and relationship issues.
Everyone experiences loss. Seldom do we allow ourselves to fully experience loss or it's impact. When someone dies, we change jobs, or even have a child, there is loss. When we choose to address these losses, past or present, we can begin to heal, and with healing comes unlimited possibility. I work with families/individuals/children and the impact family dynamics have on their lives; adoptees and their families as they deal their losses; bereaved individuals and groups after the death of a loved one; transitional loss and role adjustment included "empty nest"; corporate downsizing; career counseling; and relationship issues.
(703) 468-8884 View (703) 468-8884
Photo of Hannah Shahabi, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Hannah Shahabi
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
I support individuals just like you, who are ready to find the best version of yourself and learn new ways to tackle your inner struggles. If you're looking for a safe space to untangle your emotions, nurture resilience, and start on the trek of self-discovery, then we would make a good team. Together, we can join forces to uncover the layers of your emotional experiences, and empower you to build the tools necessary for lasting change.
I support individuals just like you, who are ready to find the best version of yourself and learn new ways to tackle your inner struggles. If you're looking for a safe space to untangle your emotions, nurture resilience, and start on the trek of self-discovery, then we would make a good team. Together, we can join forces to uncover the layers of your emotional experiences, and empower you to build the tools necessary for lasting change.
(703) 457-9816 View (703) 457-9816
Photo of Deborah Asher Hertzberg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Deborah Asher Hertzberg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Alexandria, VA 22314
People in distress are often wary of talking to someone who is a stranger. The first visit is generally fraught with anxiety. I am adept at teasing out the issues and helping a person (of any age) feel comfortable and understood. I expect that many clients will come to my office with a certain amount of ambivalence about engaging in psychotherapy. Generally, by the time they leave after the first visit, they are eager to return having felt a sense of relief and hope that they are going to be understood and "heard" in a unique way.
People in distress are often wary of talking to someone who is a stranger. The first visit is generally fraught with anxiety. I am adept at teasing out the issues and helping a person (of any age) feel comfortable and understood. I expect that many clients will come to my office with a certain amount of ambivalence about engaging in psychotherapy. Generally, by the time they leave after the first visit, they are eager to return having felt a sense of relief and hope that they are going to be understood and "heard" in a unique way.
(703) 436-8910 View (703) 436-8910
Photo of Ebony Harrison, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Ebony Harrison
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22304
Hi there, I'm Ebony Harrison, a licensed professional counselor with more than 5 years of experience supporting diverse populations across different environments. My primary focus areas include anxiety, grief, death/dying, and trauma. I take pleasure in assisting individuals grappling with life's overwhelming stressors. Collaborating closely with my clients, I tailor care to prioritize their unique experiences. By offering perspective and gently encouraging growth through healthy challenges, I foster a safe and supportive environment for personal development.
Hi there, I'm Ebony Harrison, a licensed professional counselor with more than 5 years of experience supporting diverse populations across different environments. My primary focus areas include anxiety, grief, death/dying, and trauma. I take pleasure in assisting individuals grappling with life's overwhelming stressors. Collaborating closely with my clients, I tailor care to prioritize their unique experiences. By offering perspective and gently encouraging growth through healthy challenges, I foster a safe and supportive environment for personal development.
(571) 410-3661 x1 View (571) 410-3661 x1
Photo of Dr. Tracy Blanchard, LLC, Licensed Professional Counselor in Alexandria, VA
Dr. Tracy Blanchard, LLC
Licensed Professional Counselor, PhD, LPC, NCC, CHST
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety or emotional triggers from your past? Are your relationships less fulfilling than you want them to be? Have feelings of resentment from past difficulties negatively affected the closeness of your relationship or sex life? Are you in "gridlock," repeating patterns? If you answered yes to any of these questions, we can create a customized plan to help you. Combining my specialized training with your desire to change, we will work together to develop an integrated approach to enhance your relationships and emotional health. Specialties include emotional triggers, clinical sexology, Individual, relationship and couples work.
Are you struggling with depression, anxiety or emotional triggers from your past? Are your relationships less fulfilling than you want them to be? Have feelings of resentment from past difficulties negatively affected the closeness of your relationship or sex life? Are you in "gridlock," repeating patterns? If you answered yes to any of these questions, we can create a customized plan to help you. Combining my specialized training with your desire to change, we will work together to develop an integrated approach to enhance your relationships and emotional health. Specialties include emotional triggers, clinical sexology, Individual, relationship and couples work.
(703) 215-9168 View (703) 215-9168
Photo of Erin Condon, Pre-Licensed Professional in Alexandria, VA
Erin Condon
Pre-Licensed Professional, MSW
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314
I love to work collaboratively with my clients to come to a shared understanding of why they are seeking help and what to do about it. I want to work together to set goals for treatment to ensure that care will be the most tailored and effective for that individual. I meet clients where they are at to ensure that treatment is approachable and that there is communication every step of the way. I have a special interest in treating children, adolescents, and young adults as they navigate through the foundational stages of life, but I have knowledge and experience working with people throughout the lifespan.
I love to work collaboratively with my clients to come to a shared understanding of why they are seeking help and what to do about it. I want to work together to set goals for treatment to ensure that care will be the most tailored and effective for that individual. I meet clients where they are at to ensure that treatment is approachable and that there is communication every step of the way. I have a special interest in treating children, adolescents, and young adults as they navigate through the foundational stages of life, but I have knowledge and experience working with people throughout the lifespan.
(703) 782-5118 View (703) 782-5118
Photo of Gordon Meredith, Marriage & Family Therapist in Alexandria, VA
Gordon Meredith
Marriage & Family Therapist, MA, MSS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Alexandria, VA 22314  (Online Only)
People often enter therapy during times of emotional pain, uncertainty or at a time when they are seeking more meaning in their lives. Each person has within them a powerful impulse toward growth and healing. I trust that impulse and trust the therapeutic relationship to reveal your strengths, wisdom, and the next steps to your growth and healing. There is something of value in even the most difficult circumstances. When these circumstances are approached with an openness to learning, major transformations can take place. I find that the willingness to look inside yourself is a key factor in your healing.
People often enter therapy during times of emotional pain, uncertainty or at a time when they are seeking more meaning in their lives. Each person has within them a powerful impulse toward growth and healing. I trust that impulse and trust the therapeutic relationship to reveal your strengths, wisdom, and the next steps to your growth and healing. There is something of value in even the most difficult circumstances. When these circumstances are approached with an openness to learning, major transformations can take place. I find that the willingness to look inside yourself is a key factor in your healing.
(571) 998-1460 View (571) 998-1460

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Alexandria, VA

1,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in Alexandria, VA who prioritize treating:

94% Anxiety
91% Depression
80% Self Esteem
76% Stress
75% Relationship Issues
74% Coping Skills
69% Trauma and PTSD

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% BlueCross and BlueShield
67% Cigna and Evernorth
62% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in Alexandria, VA see their clients

57% In Person and Online
43% Online Only

Gender breakdown

85% Female
14% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Alexandria?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.