Therapists in San Diego, CA

View neighborhoods in San Diego
Photo of Alexandra Erin, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in San Diego, CA
Alexandra Erin
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92106  (Online Only)
I offer a unique and dynamic approach that can benefit many clients with varying backgrounds. My versatility stems from studying different forms of spirituality, holistic wellness & nutrition, working with clients with significant mental impairment, as well as a prior career in the business world before transitioning to therapy. My approach is compassionate and empowering. I will be able to hone in on your strengths to allow you to explore your potential in a safe and supportive space while providing you with honest and direct feedback.
I offer a unique and dynamic approach that can benefit many clients with varying backgrounds. My versatility stems from studying different forms of spirituality, holistic wellness & nutrition, working with clients with significant mental impairment, as well as a prior career in the business world before transitioning to therapy. My approach is compassionate and empowering. I will be able to hone in on your strengths to allow you to explore your potential in a safe and supportive space while providing you with honest and direct feedback.
(619) 480-2515 View (619) 480-2515
Photo of Vanessa Norman, Marriage & Family Therapist Associate in San Diego, CA
Vanessa Norman
Marriage & Family Therapist Associate, AMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92121
Hello, I’m Vanessa Norman, and I am passionate about helping individuals enhance their relationships and create meaningful connections. As someone who genuinely cares about my clients’ well-being, I am deeply invested in supporting them on their journey towards a better future.  I work with couples, clients with trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, ADHD, substance abuse, and much more utilizing several modalities. I can provide EMDR therapy for those with trauma. Whether you’re seeking assistance in navigating a specific issue or simply striving to enhance your life overall, I am here to support and empower you every step of the way.
Hello, I’m Vanessa Norman, and I am passionate about helping individuals enhance their relationships and create meaningful connections. As someone who genuinely cares about my clients’ well-being, I am deeply invested in supporting them on their journey towards a better future.  I work with couples, clients with trauma, grief, depression, anxiety, ADHD, substance abuse, and much more utilizing several modalities. I can provide EMDR therapy for those with trauma. Whether you’re seeking assistance in navigating a specific issue or simply striving to enhance your life overall, I am here to support and empower you every step of the way.
(858) 330-4197 View (858) 330-4197
Photo of Rocio Ocampo Giancola, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Rocio Ocampo Giancola
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92108
Hi and thank you for visiting my page. Have you been feeling depressed, anxious or having trouble with relationships in your life? Have you been wanting to talk to someone about something heavy in your heart that burdens you but aren't sure. We ALL need support sometimes. This is the right place. I am committed to supporting your journey to peace, confidence and joy. Give me a call and let's talk briefly to see if this is a right fit. I am bilingual in English and Spanish.
Hi and thank you for visiting my page. Have you been feeling depressed, anxious or having trouble with relationships in your life? Have you been wanting to talk to someone about something heavy in your heart that burdens you but aren't sure. We ALL need support sometimes. This is the right place. I am committed to supporting your journey to peace, confidence and joy. Give me a call and let's talk briefly to see if this is a right fit. I am bilingual in English and Spanish.
(619) 737-1658 View (619) 737-1658
Photo of Tamela S Dreyer, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Tamela S Dreyer
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
6 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92108
You lay awake in bed, mentally replaying the latest fight with your partner. Stress and anxiety resound. It seems like each argument blends into the next, placing you perpetually in conflict with no resolution. As a result, you're more irritable than ever. You're short with coworkers, cold to friends, and impatient with your kids. But beneath that protective defensive armor is an overwhelming sense of fear. Fear of losing your partner, your identity as part of a couple, and the future you've both been working toward. You're not ready to give up on each other yet, or your relationship, but something needs to change, and soon.
You lay awake in bed, mentally replaying the latest fight with your partner. Stress and anxiety resound. It seems like each argument blends into the next, placing you perpetually in conflict with no resolution. As a result, you're more irritable than ever. You're short with coworkers, cold to friends, and impatient with your kids. But beneath that protective defensive armor is an overwhelming sense of fear. Fear of losing your partner, your identity as part of a couple, and the future you've both been working toward. You're not ready to give up on each other yet, or your relationship, but something needs to change, and soon.
(619) 333-8682 View (619) 333-8682
Photo of Adolfo Hernandez, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Adolfo Hernandez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92115
My name is Adolfo M. Hernandez and license number is 126948 LMFT. MY approach to therapy is primary to focus on client's personal strengths, cognitive restructuring, increase insight and awareness, increase overall functioning, and problem-solving skills. I had helped children, teens, and adults who suffer from depression, anxiety, alcohol, panic attacks, substance abuse, bipolar, anger, stress, family problems, and many others. I do not rely in a single approach, instead, focusing on client's goals. Moreover, I used Cognitive behavioral, existential, Prolonged exposure for individuals who experienced traumatic experiences.
My name is Adolfo M. Hernandez and license number is 126948 LMFT. MY approach to therapy is primary to focus on client's personal strengths, cognitive restructuring, increase insight and awareness, increase overall functioning, and problem-solving skills. I had helped children, teens, and adults who suffer from depression, anxiety, alcohol, panic attacks, substance abuse, bipolar, anger, stress, family problems, and many others. I do not rely in a single approach, instead, focusing on client's goals. Moreover, I used Cognitive behavioral, existential, Prolonged exposure for individuals who experienced traumatic experiences.
(619) 728-2672 View (619) 728-2672
Photo of Alyson L Lischer, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Alyson L Lischer
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT, CEDS-S
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92127
My practice focuses on providing therapy for eating disorders, mood concerns, trauma, women’s health, and relationships. I practice from a client-centered treatment approach, rooted in compassion. In sessions, we will focus on processing current stressors, identifying support systems and building awareness and safety in feelings. Coping strategies and skills are incorporated in practical ways to help improve daily life. My goal is to help people redefine wellness as wholeness and enable people to live in their authenticity. I want to help people be able to be more connected to themselves, more of the time.
My practice focuses on providing therapy for eating disorders, mood concerns, trauma, women’s health, and relationships. I practice from a client-centered treatment approach, rooted in compassion. In sessions, we will focus on processing current stressors, identifying support systems and building awareness and safety in feelings. Coping strategies and skills are incorporated in practical ways to help improve daily life. My goal is to help people redefine wellness as wholeness and enable people to live in their authenticity. I want to help people be able to be more connected to themselves, more of the time.
(858) 746-5367 View (858) 746-5367
Photo of Erin Cragin Therapy, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Erin Cragin Therapy
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92108
By providing support and practical feedback I help my clients resolve current problems as well as long-standing patterns. I work very hard to create a safe space for my clients, regardless of where you are in your life journey. I will often draw upon my own experience to sensitively address your unique emotional, mental, spiritual and relational needs.
By providing support and practical feedback I help my clients resolve current problems as well as long-standing patterns. I work very hard to create a safe space for my clients, regardless of where you are in your life journey. I will often draw upon my own experience to sensitively address your unique emotional, mental, spiritual and relational needs.
(619) 378-4339 View (619) 378-4339
Photo of Melissa Portillo, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Melissa Portillo
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92121  (Online Only)
Are you feeling stuck, stressed, or overwhelmed? If you are experiencing constant worry about the future or dwelling on the past, it can be daunting and maybe even impossible to enjoy life in the present. These feelings could be negatively impacting your relationships, work or school, and overall quality of life. This doesn't have to be the case. You can take control and work towards your recovery and healing journey by strengthening your resiliency. Together we can develop a healthier version of yourself by learning to manage your anxiety, rediscover your strengths, and explore the root of the problem to achieve your goals.
Are you feeling stuck, stressed, or overwhelmed? If you are experiencing constant worry about the future or dwelling on the past, it can be daunting and maybe even impossible to enjoy life in the present. These feelings could be negatively impacting your relationships, work or school, and overall quality of life. This doesn't have to be the case. You can take control and work towards your recovery and healing journey by strengthening your resiliency. Together we can develop a healthier version of yourself by learning to manage your anxiety, rediscover your strengths, and explore the root of the problem to achieve your goals.
(858) 358-7702 View (858) 358-7702
Photo of Therapeutic Center for Anxiety and Trauma in San Diego, CA
Therapeutic Center for Anxiety and Trauma
MA, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92101
Are you struggling with panic, worry or trauma? If so, whether large or small, it may cause anxiety. Or maybe you even feel traumatized? This can happen for any situation that causes disturbance to your daily routine, thinking and ability to function to your full potential. Whatever your anxiety or trauma is about, we can help! We are a team of therapists working extensively with anxiety issues. These could be about relationships, life events, or any negative experience. If you are struggling with moving past a traumatic incident, or anxiety, please contact us. We will have one of our therapists contact you soon.
Are you struggling with panic, worry or trauma? If so, whether large or small, it may cause anxiety. Or maybe you even feel traumatized? This can happen for any situation that causes disturbance to your daily routine, thinking and ability to function to your full potential. Whatever your anxiety or trauma is about, we can help! We are a team of therapists working extensively with anxiety issues. These could be about relationships, life events, or any negative experience. If you are struggling with moving past a traumatic incident, or anxiety, please contact us. We will have one of our therapists contact you soon.
(619) 357-4948 View (619) 357-4948
Photo of Jared Wilke, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Jared Wilke
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92127
Jared Wilke, Psy.D., is a licensed Clinical Psychologist in the state of California. He is currently practicing at Family Counseling Center, which has served the North County community in outpatient counseling for over 25 years. Dr. Wilke enjoys working with teenagers and young adults, their families, as well individuals and people seeking marital therapy. **Please note that currently for residents of Texas, I am only able to do appointments by video/phone. These options are also available for residents of California if needed or requested.
Jared Wilke, Psy.D., is a licensed Clinical Psychologist in the state of California. He is currently practicing at Family Counseling Center, which has served the North County community in outpatient counseling for over 25 years. Dr. Wilke enjoys working with teenagers and young adults, their families, as well individuals and people seeking marital therapy. **Please note that currently for residents of Texas, I am only able to do appointments by video/phone. These options are also available for residents of California if needed or requested.
(858) 943-6728 x104 View (858) 943-6728 x104
Photo of Rina Schul, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Rina Schul
Psychologist, PhD
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92121
You are so tired of not feeling well, but hesitate to contact a therapist: Can I trust a stranger? Can anybody really help me? On the face of it, you function well in life, but deep inside you feel you don't actually “show up,” or you don't fully “belong.” It is as if your real authentic self is hiding, sensing that “being you” might not be safe enough. Aspects of your life story might explain why you feel uncomfortable, why you feel different than others, or why you are down or anxious. I would love to help you explore such issues in therapy, and work with you on improving your daily life experience.
You are so tired of not feeling well, but hesitate to contact a therapist: Can I trust a stranger? Can anybody really help me? On the face of it, you function well in life, but deep inside you feel you don't actually “show up,” or you don't fully “belong.” It is as if your real authentic self is hiding, sensing that “being you” might not be safe enough. Aspects of your life story might explain why you feel uncomfortable, why you feel different than others, or why you are down or anxious. I would love to help you explore such issues in therapy, and work with you on improving your daily life experience.
(619) 658-6091 View (619) 658-6091
Photo of Andrew Harrison Lewis, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Andrew Harrison Lewis
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
San Diego, CA 92116  (Online Only)
I am passionate about helping clients address the challenges they face with cognitive behavioral therapy techniques and mindfulness practices. Anxiety, depression, past traumas, lack of community acceptance, and difficult environmental and situational factors may’ve brought you to a place of feeling unwell or stuck. Time-tested therapy techniques may be just what you need to address these difficulties and move forward. I have worked with a diverse assortment of clients who've faced a variety of concerns, including career difficulties, LGBT-related matters, abuse, grief, severe persistent mental illness, and relationship issues.
I am passionate about helping clients address the challenges they face with cognitive behavioral therapy techniques and mindfulness practices. Anxiety, depression, past traumas, lack of community acceptance, and difficult environmental and situational factors may’ve brought you to a place of feeling unwell or stuck. Time-tested therapy techniques may be just what you need to address these difficulties and move forward. I have worked with a diverse assortment of clients who've faced a variety of concerns, including career difficulties, LGBT-related matters, abuse, grief, severe persistent mental illness, and relationship issues.
(619) 458-3613 View (619) 458-3613
Photo of Jenny Chang, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Jenny Chang
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92121  (Online Only)
I believe that everyone has a story to tell and it's important to honor that shared experience through mutual collaboration, like-minded exchanges, and light humor.
I believe that everyone has a story to tell and it's important to honor that shared experience through mutual collaboration, like-minded exchanges, and light humor.
(310) 499-2897 View (310) 499-2897
Photo of Paola Berg, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in San Diego, CA
Paola Berg
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92103
I am devoted to providing a safe place for individuals seeking to learn to practice self-compassion and self-acceptance. My goal is to be a strong support for you by providing therapy through a trauma informed lens. I will work alongside you, as you explore your strengths, values, and maximize your potential to live your true authentic self. I have experience working with survivors of intimate partner violence, as well as those newly diagnosed with HIV, and those adapting to new life changes.
I am devoted to providing a safe place for individuals seeking to learn to practice self-compassion and self-acceptance. My goal is to be a strong support for you by providing therapy through a trauma informed lens. I will work alongside you, as you explore your strengths, values, and maximize your potential to live your true authentic self. I have experience working with survivors of intimate partner violence, as well as those newly diagnosed with HIV, and those adapting to new life changes.
(760) 624-3899 View (760) 624-3899
Photo of Cyril Balce, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Cyril Balce
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92123
I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist focused on working together with my clients to find a path where they can better navigate through life. I believe the key to successful and effective therapy is the relationship between the client and therapist. My goal is to provide you with a safe and trusted space where we can explore your feelings and thoughts. It is my hope to help you find skills and coping tools to relieve your anxiety, stress and pain so you can grow and develop.
I'm a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist focused on working together with my clients to find a path where they can better navigate through life. I believe the key to successful and effective therapy is the relationship between the client and therapist. My goal is to provide you with a safe and trusted space where we can explore your feelings and thoughts. It is my hope to help you find skills and coping tools to relieve your anxiety, stress and pain so you can grow and develop.
(858) 667-7351 View (858) 667-7351
Photo of Mary McWalters, Pre-Licensed Professional in San Diego, CA
Mary McWalters
Pre-Licensed Professional, ACSW
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92108
Hello and welcome! My name is Mary (she/her) and I am an Associate Clinical Social Worker and a San Diego native. I have over 10 years of experience working with individuals and couples who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, and relationship conflicts. Whether you are coming to therapy for the first time or reconnecting with it, we can work together to achieve an improved and more rewarding quality of life.
Hello and welcome! My name is Mary (she/her) and I am an Associate Clinical Social Worker and a San Diego native. I have over 10 years of experience working with individuals and couples who struggle with anxiety, depression, trauma, grief, and relationship conflicts. Whether you are coming to therapy for the first time or reconnecting with it, we can work together to achieve an improved and more rewarding quality of life.
(858) 519-8002 View (858) 519-8002
Photo of Ekaete Ekpo, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Ekaete Ekpo
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92130
Hello and thank you for considering me in your wellness journey. My name is Ekaete Ekpo and I'm a licensed marriage and family therapist (LMFT) with over 10 years of experience providing psychotherapy. My approach to our therapeutic relationship will be with warmth, care, compassion, and non-judgment approach, adapting to the unique needs of each individual client. My focus areas of practice include working across life span with all ages. I have experience working with clients who experience difficulty with anxiety, depression, relational stress, trauma, or grief and loss, together we can walk through the journey of self-healing.
Hello and thank you for considering me in your wellness journey. My name is Ekaete Ekpo and I'm a licensed marriage and family therapist (LMFT) with over 10 years of experience providing psychotherapy. My approach to our therapeutic relationship will be with warmth, care, compassion, and non-judgment approach, adapting to the unique needs of each individual client. My focus areas of practice include working across life span with all ages. I have experience working with clients who experience difficulty with anxiety, depression, relational stress, trauma, or grief and loss, together we can walk through the journey of self-healing.
(619) 759-5358 View (619) 759-5358
Photo of Silver Lake Psychology, Psychologist in San Diego, CA
Silver Lake Psychology
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92116
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends.
Learn how to feel more connected to yourself, others and the world around you. Therapy provides all the elements of intimacy: honest communication, vulnerability and trust. Good therapy is challenging yet warm, providing both structure and empathy for your unique experience. We are a collective of therapists with a wide range of specialties. Our intake professionals will help connect you with the right therapist for your needs. We make appointments easy, offering evenings and weekends.
(619) 349-7029 View (619) 349-7029
Photo of Peggy Sue Black, Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor in San Diego, CA
Peggy Sue Black
Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor, LPCC
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92122  (Online Only)
Navigating the challenges of substance abuse, anxiety, trauma and depression requires a nuanced, compassionate approach. Understanding that each person's journey is unique, I meet clients where they're at, offering a tailored path towards healing and self-discovery. Utilizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, we explore the intricate relationship between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, aiming to cultivate resilience and empowerment. My goal is to create a supportive environment where individuals feel seen, heard, and capable of navigating their experiences with newfound strength and clarity
Navigating the challenges of substance abuse, anxiety, trauma and depression requires a nuanced, compassionate approach. Understanding that each person's journey is unique, I meet clients where they're at, offering a tailored path towards healing and self-discovery. Utilizing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, we explore the intricate relationship between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, aiming to cultivate resilience and empowerment. My goal is to create a supportive environment where individuals feel seen, heard, and capable of navigating their experiences with newfound strength and clarity
(858) 786-2317 View (858) 786-2317
Photo of Vanessa Arteaga, Marriage & Family Therapist in San Diego, CA
Vanessa Arteaga
Marriage & Family Therapist
Verified Verified
San Diego, CA 92121  (Online Only)
I believe in building a strong therapeutic relationship with my clients and tailoring my therapy interventions to meet their unique needs. I have over 12 years experience working with transition aged youth (12-25yo). I have previously worked with children, adolescents, and young adults who experienced anxiety disorders, depression, mood disorders, PTSD, trauma, generational trauma and chronic trauma. I thrive in creating a safe and creative space for others to heal and grow.
I believe in building a strong therapeutic relationship with my clients and tailoring my therapy interventions to meet their unique needs. I have over 12 years experience working with transition aged youth (12-25yo). I have previously worked with children, adolescents, and young adults who experienced anxiety disorders, depression, mood disorders, PTSD, trauma, generational trauma and chronic trauma. I thrive in creating a safe and creative space for others to heal and grow.
View

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in San Diego, CA

3,000+

Average cost per session

$160

Therapists in San Diego, CA who prioritize treating:

93% Anxiety
87% Depression
71% Self Esteem
66% Relationship Issues
66% Trauma and PTSD
66% Coping Skills
62% Stress

Average years in practice

12 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

77% Aetna
74% Cigna and Evernorth
69% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH

How Therapists in San Diego, CA see their clients

55% In Person and Online
45% Online Only

Gender breakdown

81% Female
18% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in San Diego?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.