Therapists in Bakersfield, CA

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Photo of Lori Guidinglight, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Lori Guidinglight
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93313
Passionate Professional Licensed Clinical Social Worker who provides therapy via remote to Individual Adults Ages 18 and up to help make the world a mentally healthier -one client at a time. Each client is unique, and I meet you where you are in the moment. I work with from a Strengths Based perspective integrating Body, Mind, and Spirit. I use aspects of several empirical based modalities such as Mindfulness Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MBCBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and more. Additionally, I am Polyvagal Informed.
Passionate Professional Licensed Clinical Social Worker who provides therapy via remote to Individual Adults Ages 18 and up to help make the world a mentally healthier -one client at a time. Each client is unique, and I meet you where you are in the moment. I work with from a Strengths Based perspective integrating Body, Mind, and Spirit. I use aspects of several empirical based modalities such as Mindfulness Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MBCBT), Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) and more. Additionally, I am Polyvagal Informed.
(661) 320-8629 View (661) 320-8629
Photo of Michelle Watson, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Michelle Watson
Clinical Social Work/Therapist
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93308
My name is Michelle Watson, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of California. I specialize in the treatment of addiction and help people recover from depression, anxiety, co-dependency, trauma, and dysfunctional behavior that results from trauma. I especially enjoy working with Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACA) and dysfunctional families. I take a strength-based and client-centered approach to therapy with a focus on skill-building. I'm trained in motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and cognitive processing therapy.
My name is Michelle Watson, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in the state of California. I specialize in the treatment of addiction and help people recover from depression, anxiety, co-dependency, trauma, and dysfunctional behavior that results from trauma. I especially enjoy working with Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACA) and dysfunctional families. I take a strength-based and client-centered approach to therapy with a focus on skill-building. I'm trained in motivational interviewing, cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and cognitive processing therapy.
(661) 410-7476 View (661) 410-7476
Photo of Mindful Path Counseling LLC, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Mindful Path Counseling LLC
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93309  (Online Only)
Depression is overwhelming sadness that has an impact in living your best life. Depression can be accompanied by different symptoms of anxiety, panic and loss of energy/motivation. Overcoming depression can be challenging if you are doing it alone. Negative life experiences can and do have an impact on who you are and your happiness. Awareness and understanding of what is going on inside of yourself is powerful in helping yourself to overcome negative or irrational thoughts that are keeping you from being your true self.
Depression is overwhelming sadness that has an impact in living your best life. Depression can be accompanied by different symptoms of anxiety, panic and loss of energy/motivation. Overcoming depression can be challenging if you are doing it alone. Negative life experiences can and do have an impact on who you are and your happiness. Awareness and understanding of what is going on inside of yourself is powerful in helping yourself to overcome negative or irrational thoughts that are keeping you from being your true self.
(661) 220-5161 View (661) 220-5161
Photo of Tiffany Sheppard, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Tiffany Sheppard
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bakersfield, CA 93301
Processing and healing from traumatic events, grief, and life transitions are some of my specialties. I also have experience working with clients who are experiencing depression, anxiety, anger, etc. I have enjoyed working with children and young adults for the past 10 years.
Processing and healing from traumatic events, grief, and life transitions are some of my specialties. I also have experience working with clients who are experiencing depression, anxiety, anger, etc. I have enjoyed working with children and young adults for the past 10 years.
(661) 215-6335 View (661) 215-6335
Photo of Omar De La Cruz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Omar De La Cruz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93306
Hi! My name is Omar de la Cruz, and I am a licensed marriage and family therapist. I have an extensive amount of experiencing working with individuals having difficulties with substance use and mental health. I have worked with children, youth, and adults experiencing difficulties in different areas, such as anxiety, depression, substance use, relationship difficulties, and trauma. My goal is to meet clients where they are at and through my expertise be able to work on the therapeutic goals that individuals have.
Hi! My name is Omar de la Cruz, and I am a licensed marriage and family therapist. I have an extensive amount of experiencing working with individuals having difficulties with substance use and mental health. I have worked with children, youth, and adults experiencing difficulties in different areas, such as anxiety, depression, substance use, relationship difficulties, and trauma. My goal is to meet clients where they are at and through my expertise be able to work on the therapeutic goals that individuals have.
(661) 370-2857 View (661) 370-2857
Photo of Lauren Rutledge, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Lauren Rutledge
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93306
My name is Lauren, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Calistoga, California where I work with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adolescents, young adults, and adults. I specialize in anxiety, grief, life transitions, trauma, PTSD, and addiction. Depending on the needs of each client, I like to explore cognitive, affective, and somatic approaches to support them in experiencing well-being.
My name is Lauren, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Calistoga, California where I work with clients statewide via telehealth. I work with adolescents, young adults, and adults. I specialize in anxiety, grief, life transitions, trauma, PTSD, and addiction. Depending on the needs of each client, I like to explore cognitive, affective, and somatic approaches to support them in experiencing well-being.
(661) 485-4657 View (661) 485-4657
Photo of Amber Crume, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Amber Crume
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93313
My name is Amber Lee Crume, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years of experience. My greatest hope is to help people achieve a greater sense of happiness and well-being. I love being a therapist and helping you learn more about yourself, your relationships, and new proven strategies and techniques to address life's most challenging obstacles. The process really does work!
My name is Amber Lee Crume, and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker with over 15 years of experience. My greatest hope is to help people achieve a greater sense of happiness and well-being. I love being a therapist and helping you learn more about yourself, your relationships, and new proven strategies and techniques to address life's most challenging obstacles. The process really does work!
(661) 727-7276 View (661) 727-7276
Photo of Pinkal Shah, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Pinkal Shah
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93309  (Online Only)
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I provide safe, accepting, and mindful environment as well as culturally sensitive services for children, adults, and families who are experiencing difficulties with emotional stress such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, behavioral issues such as ADHD, defiant, and oppositional behaviors, culture-related stress such as immigration and issues regarding identity including gender variant clients.
I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. I provide safe, accepting, and mindful environment as well as culturally sensitive services for children, adults, and families who are experiencing difficulties with emotional stress such as anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, behavioral issues such as ADHD, defiant, and oppositional behaviors, culture-related stress such as immigration and issues regarding identity including gender variant clients.
(661) 231-3212 View (661) 231-3212
Photo of Randy Cruz, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Randy Cruz
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, MA
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Bakersfield, CA 93309
Hello, i'm Randy. Despite being a therapist, I believe that no matter how many years of work experience a therapist has, and no matter how many credentials/degrees one has, all of that goes out the window if they don't have the ability to click and level with their clients. Initiating therapy services may feel like a leap of faith; as one would have to initiate a process in which they will be meeting with a therapist who is a complete stranger to them in the beginning. So congratulations on taking the first step for seeking treatment!
Hello, i'm Randy. Despite being a therapist, I believe that no matter how many years of work experience a therapist has, and no matter how many credentials/degrees one has, all of that goes out the window if they don't have the ability to click and level with their clients. Initiating therapy services may feel like a leap of faith; as one would have to initiate a process in which they will be meeting with a therapist who is a complete stranger to them in the beginning. So congratulations on taking the first step for seeking treatment!
(661) 760-2889 View (661) 760-2889
Photo of Jeanette Shin, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Jeanette Shin
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93306
My name is Jeanette Shin, LCSW - I believe we are capable of healing ourselves and can develop the ability to find self-compassion and the potential to thrive. I have worked mostly with adults, especially older adults, and feel able to work with clients dealing with stress, anxiety, depression, aging, grief, and bereavement. I approach clients on a mindfulness and client centered focus, with elements of CBT, DBT, ACT, Motivational Interviewing, and spirituality as needed.
My name is Jeanette Shin, LCSW - I believe we are capable of healing ourselves and can develop the ability to find self-compassion and the potential to thrive. I have worked mostly with adults, especially older adults, and feel able to work with clients dealing with stress, anxiety, depression, aging, grief, and bereavement. I approach clients on a mindfulness and client centered focus, with elements of CBT, DBT, ACT, Motivational Interviewing, and spirituality as needed.
(661) 927-0949 View (661) 927-0949
Photo of Cherie Chavez, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Cherie Chavez
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93307
My name is Cherie Chavez, a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist practicing integrative psychotherapy via telehealth statewide in California. In 2009 I began counseling adults coping with severe mental illness and complex trauma, to help provide symptom relief and improve their quality of life. Having a diagnosis can feel stigmatizing; reaching out for help so you don't go it alone can be empowering. I am very comfortable and most experienced in working with adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety and depression.
My name is Cherie Chavez, a licensed Marriage and Family Therapist practicing integrative psychotherapy via telehealth statewide in California. In 2009 I began counseling adults coping with severe mental illness and complex trauma, to help provide symptom relief and improve their quality of life. Having a diagnosis can feel stigmatizing; reaching out for help so you don't go it alone can be empowering. I am very comfortable and most experienced in working with adults diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety and depression.
(661) 724-8431 View (661) 724-8431
Photo of Dr. Karen Stark-Garrett, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Dr. Karen Stark-Garrett
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Bakersfield, CA 93301
Hello! I am an LMFT and lecturer in the psychology department at CSUB. In my systems-based work with clients, I look for root causes of emotional reactivity and maladaptive behaviors that interfere with healthy functioning. Sometimes things out of our control happen to us, and our psyches become traumatized. Or relationships are full of tension and strife, and it just seems like it shouldn’t have to be that way. I will assist you in remembering how capable you are and help you discover new ways of communicating effectively so you may move toward the changes you seek.
Hello! I am an LMFT and lecturer in the psychology department at CSUB. In my systems-based work with clients, I look for root causes of emotional reactivity and maladaptive behaviors that interfere with healthy functioning. Sometimes things out of our control happen to us, and our psyches become traumatized. Or relationships are full of tension and strife, and it just seems like it shouldn’t have to be that way. I will assist you in remembering how capable you are and help you discover new ways of communicating effectively so you may move toward the changes you seek.
(661) 424-2738 View (661) 424-2738
Photo of Tessa Palmer Williams, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Tessa Palmer Williams
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93389
Life has its ups and downs. Sometimes we have a hard time figuring out which direction to go or which door to open. I certainly do not have all the answers, but I would like to help you find your own solutions. I would like to help you turn your struggles into positive lessons and to look at the world with a better view. I will provide an honest and open atmosphere for you to express your feelings and emotions.
Life has its ups and downs. Sometimes we have a hard time figuring out which direction to go or which door to open. I certainly do not have all the answers, but I would like to help you find your own solutions. I would like to help you turn your struggles into positive lessons and to look at the world with a better view. I will provide an honest and open atmosphere for you to express your feelings and emotions.
(661) 491-7385 View (661) 491-7385
Photo of Solutions Family Counseling Center, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Solutions Family Counseling Center
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93309  (Online Only)
Greetings, my name is Mark and I've been working professionally with families and youth in the foster care system for over 14 years in several positions such as; a facility social worker, substance abuse counselor and as an intern therapist. Currently as a licensed clinician I hope to share joy and compassion for those that I work with, by using a person-centered approach as a basis for everything that I do. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist LMFT135452 practicing here in the state of California. I work with individuals, couples, adults and teens.
Greetings, my name is Mark and I've been working professionally with families and youth in the foster care system for over 14 years in several positions such as; a facility social worker, substance abuse counselor and as an intern therapist. Currently as a licensed clinician I hope to share joy and compassion for those that I work with, by using a person-centered approach as a basis for everything that I do. I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist LMFT135452 practicing here in the state of California. I work with individuals, couples, adults and teens.
(661) 762-5833 View (661) 762-5833
Photo of Sandria Bland, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Sandria Bland
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93311
Hello, I'm Sandria Bland a LMFT 134278 located out of California. I provide a therapy based on the client including client centered, CBT, solution focused, or trauma informed. I usually work with clients struggling with depression, anxiety, family/relational issues, transitional life changes, and other mental health needs.
Hello, I'm Sandria Bland a LMFT 134278 located out of California. I provide a therapy based on the client including client centered, CBT, solution focused, or trauma informed. I usually work with clients struggling with depression, anxiety, family/relational issues, transitional life changes, and other mental health needs.
(661) 370-2969 View (661) 370-2969
Photo of Stephanie H Espinosa, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Stephanie H Espinosa
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
8 Endorsed
Bakersfield, CA 93309  (Online Only)
Welcome, my name is Stephanie H. Espinosa and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. Congratulations on taking the first step towards a better you! Often times, the pressures of life, our core beliefs and societal influences can significantly impact our lives in an adverse way. As a result, we often get stuck in self-destructive cycles and lose hope that our lives can be different. We habitually self-medicate with food, alcohol, drugs, work and/or sex to seek a moment of escape and even happiness.
Welcome, my name is Stephanie H. Espinosa and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker. Congratulations on taking the first step towards a better you! Often times, the pressures of life, our core beliefs and societal influences can significantly impact our lives in an adverse way. As a result, we often get stuck in self-destructive cycles and lose hope that our lives can be different. We habitually self-medicate with food, alcohol, drugs, work and/or sex to seek a moment of escape and even happiness.
(661) 426-2572 View (661) 426-2572
Photo of Charree Kashwer, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Charree Kashwer
Marriage & Family Therapist, PhD, LMFT
Verified Verified
3 Endorsed
Bakersfield, CA 93309
It takes courage to seek help during challenging times and the task of choosing the "right" therapist can be overwhelming! I have 30+ years of experience in the mental health field. Clients appreciate my humor and direct approach. From the initial phone call, my goal is to create a strong, healthy therapist/client relationship, which is a necessary foundation for change. I work with clients of ALL ages and backgrounds. I specialize in divorced families, couples, parenting issues, relationship concerns, mood disorders, addictions, adjustment issues, and life coaching. I can help...and if I can’t, I will find you someone who can!
It takes courage to seek help during challenging times and the task of choosing the "right" therapist can be overwhelming! I have 30+ years of experience in the mental health field. Clients appreciate my humor and direct approach. From the initial phone call, my goal is to create a strong, healthy therapist/client relationship, which is a necessary foundation for change. I work with clients of ALL ages and backgrounds. I specialize in divorced families, couples, parenting issues, relationship concerns, mood disorders, addictions, adjustment issues, and life coaching. I can help...and if I can’t, I will find you someone who can!
(661) 426-8354 View (661) 426-8354
Photo of Elva Lopez, Clinical Social Work/Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Elva Lopez
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93313
My name is Elva Lopez and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Ventura, California and working with clients statewide via tele health. I am passionate about supporting all of my clients through challenges to experience healing and growth in their lives. I found that my style and approach are a good fit for adults who may be dealing with the challenges of life transitions and social pressures. This often takes the form of anxiety, depression, grief, and stress.
My name is Elva Lopez and I am a Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) based in Ventura, California and working with clients statewide via tele health. I am passionate about supporting all of my clients through challenges to experience healing and growth in their lives. I found that my style and approach are a good fit for adults who may be dealing with the challenges of life transitions and social pressures. This often takes the form of anxiety, depression, grief, and stress.
(661) 485-3742 View (661) 485-3742
Photo of Melissa A. Delis, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Melissa A. Delis
Marriage & Family Therapist, MS, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93309
With over 20 years of clinical experience in counseling & psychotherapy , I will assist you in a collaborative and goal-oriented treatment experience. My goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we cannot change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
With over 20 years of clinical experience in counseling & psychotherapy , I will assist you in a collaborative and goal-oriented treatment experience. My goal is to help you uncover your true potential and lead a life that is worth celebrating. While we cannot change difficult situations of the past, we can work together to better understand and resolve challenges in your life. By applying complementary therapy approaches and techniques, we will unearth long-standing behavior patterns or negative perceptions that may be holding you back from experiencing a more fulfilling and meaningful life.
(661) 622-4821 View (661) 622-4821
Photo of Gisela J Gonzales, Marriage & Family Therapist in Bakersfield, CA
Gisela J Gonzales
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT
Verified Verified
Bakersfield, CA 93313  (Online Only)
'Servicios disponibles en español.' Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, grief, addiction, major life changes; or simply feel lost, disconnected, or unable to find meaning/purpose. Let's identify what is currently causing you distress and the areas you seek to resolve/improve. Wherever you find yourself in life, I will provide you a supportive environment where we'll collaboratively establish goals and an individualized plan that is right for you. We will not only treat your symptoms, but most importantly, identify and resolve the cause in order effect sustainable change.
'Servicios disponibles en español.' Whether you are struggling with depression, anxiety, grief, addiction, major life changes; or simply feel lost, disconnected, or unable to find meaning/purpose. Let's identify what is currently causing you distress and the areas you seek to resolve/improve. Wherever you find yourself in life, I will provide you a supportive environment where we'll collaboratively establish goals and an individualized plan that is right for you. We will not only treat your symptoms, but most importantly, identify and resolve the cause in order effect sustainable change.
(661) 771-3271 View (661) 771-3271

How does your Therapist compare?

Number of Therapists in Bakersfield, CA

500+

Average cost per session

$140

Therapists in Bakersfield, CA who prioritize treating:

91% Anxiety
88% Depression
77% Coping Skills
72% Self Esteem
68% Stress
67% Relationship Issues
60% Grief

Average years in practice

11 Years

Top 3 insurances accepted

86% Aetna
83% UnitedHealthcare UHC | UBH
82% Cigna and Evernorth

How Therapists in Bakersfield, CA see their clients

84% In Person and Online
16% Online Only

Gender breakdown

80% Female
19% Male
1% Non-Binary
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling

How can I find a therapist in Bakersfield?

Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.

Learn more about how to find a therapist

Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?

The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.

Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.

What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?

Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.

Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.

What type of therapy is right for me?

The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.

How much does therapy cost?

The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.

What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?

Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.

Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?

Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.

Is online therapy a good option?

Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.

Are therapy sessions confidential?

Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.