Therapists in Vernon Hills, IL
Troy Glickstern
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
During our journey through life, it is easy at times to feel lost, stuck, caught in a crossroads, and overwhelmed. And unfortunately for us, life never came with a roadmap. My job as a counselor is to walk alongside you as we work through the obstacles of life together. I provide a safe, compassionate space for self-exploration, collaborative problem-solving, personal healing, and growth. My client-centered and accepting style puts the therapeutic alliance front and center as you set the agenda for our work.
During our journey through life, it is easy at times to feel lost, stuck, caught in a crossroads, and overwhelmed. And unfortunately for us, life never came with a roadmap. My job as a counselor is to walk alongside you as we work through the obstacles of life together. I provide a safe, compassionate space for self-exploration, collaborative problem-solving, personal healing, and growth. My client-centered and accepting style puts the therapeutic alliance front and center as you set the agenda for our work.
Heather Rosenberg
Licensed Professional Counselor, MA, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
We all long for hope, healing, and relief, and they can be hard to find alone. If you are here, it probably means you want life to feel better and I can understand that desire. So often, we just want our relationships to change, to experience less stress and anxiousness, to be less troubled by painful memories, and to feel better about ourselves. Sometimes all we need is a safe and comfortable space to be heard and understood and sometimes we need direction, clarity and new skills. The goal is to find the combination of factors that can bring healing for you.
We all long for hope, healing, and relief, and they can be hard to find alone. If you are here, it probably means you want life to feel better and I can understand that desire. So often, we just want our relationships to change, to experience less stress and anxiousness, to be less troubled by painful memories, and to feel better about ourselves. Sometimes all we need is a safe and comfortable space to be heard and understood and sometimes we need direction, clarity and new skills. The goal is to find the combination of factors that can bring healing for you.
Gurinder 'vicki' Bolina
Psychologist, PsyD
Verified Verified
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
Vicki Bolina, PsyD, provides a safe space for anyone going through difficult situations or just wanting to improve their mental health. She has experience in private practice, psychiatric hospitals, nursing homes, school systems, outpatient clinics, the prison system, among others. Dr. Bolina welcomes all ages into her office and specializes in anxiety, depression, and more. She’s also especially skilled in treating: Adolescent Psychology: Adolescents who are going through a stressful school life and/or home life need coping mechanisms to regulate anxiety.
Vicki Bolina, PsyD, provides a safe space for anyone going through difficult situations or just wanting to improve their mental health. She has experience in private practice, psychiatric hospitals, nursing homes, school systems, outpatient clinics, the prison system, among others. Dr. Bolina welcomes all ages into her office and specializes in anxiety, depression, and more. She’s also especially skilled in treating: Adolescent Psychology: Adolescents who are going through a stressful school life and/or home life need coping mechanisms to regulate anxiety.
Rick Egbert
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, MA, LCPC
Verified Verified
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
You deserve a life of hope and healing! If you're here, it's probably because you or someone you care about is being weighed down by life. Conflict in relationships, transitions in life, trauma, and everyday stress can chip away at our joy and vitality. Trust me - it doesn't have to be this way. Yes, counseling is hard work. Making that first, courageous step of getting started can be intimidating. I'll do everything I can to make you feel heard, seen, and accepted. I want you to have a safe, comfortable, and healing environment as we journey together.
You deserve a life of hope and healing! If you're here, it's probably because you or someone you care about is being weighed down by life. Conflict in relationships, transitions in life, trauma, and everyday stress can chip away at our joy and vitality. Trust me - it doesn't have to be this way. Yes, counseling is hard work. Making that first, courageous step of getting started can be intimidating. I'll do everything I can to make you feel heard, seen, and accepted. I want you to have a safe, comfortable, and healing environment as we journey together.
Eileen Marie Rancharan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
Positive change in life is something we all long for. To grow in our relationships, to heal trauma from our past, and to arrive at the resilient individual we know that we can be. Change however, is hard and involves many steps. Sometimes we are plagued by our fears, and other times we are too overwhelmed to even know where to start. If you long for change, therapy is a step in the right direction.
Positive change in life is something we all long for. To grow in our relationships, to heal trauma from our past, and to arrive at the resilient individual we know that we can be. Change however, is hard and involves many steps. Sometimes we are plagued by our fears, and other times we are too overwhelmed to even know where to start. If you long for change, therapy is a step in the right direction.
Stephanie Ross
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW
Verified Verified
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
Stephanie Ross is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Illinois who has been practicing since 2010. She earned her Bachelor of Social Work and Master of Social Work from New Mexico Highlands University. She moved from New Mexico to Illinois in 2021 and is anxious to put down roots here. Stephanie believes the therapeutic relationship is an equal one, grounded in working together to find solution-focused, positive skills to cope with life challenges. She sees her job as assisting clients to meet their goals and become their authentic selves.
Stephanie Ross is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker in Illinois who has been practicing since 2010. She earned her Bachelor of Social Work and Master of Social Work from New Mexico Highlands University. She moved from New Mexico to Illinois in 2021 and is anxious to put down roots here. Stephanie believes the therapeutic relationship is an equal one, grounded in working together to find solution-focused, positive skills to cope with life challenges. She sees her job as assisting clients to meet their goals and become their authentic selves.
Kelly Poapst (Addiction Treatment)
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC, NCC, CADC
Verified Verified
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
Don't settle for a generic drug and alcohol therapist. You deserve help that actually helps you feel happy again. (And, that's in-network with your insurance).
Don't settle for a generic drug and alcohol therapist. You deserve help that actually helps you feel happy again. (And, that's in-network with your insurance).
Agnieszka Krzeminska
Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, LCPC, NCC, CCMHC, RYT
Verified Verified
Vernon Hills, IL 60061 (Online Only)
Through authentic and transparent collaboration, Agnes empowers the individual and promotes mental wellness through empathy and evidence-based strategies. She practices DBT-informed therapy and psychodynamic therapy using humanistic and trauma-informed lenses to tie her practice together. In addition, Agnes uses mindfulness, yoga, nature, and art therapy to help the individual heal and discover more about themselves. She guides the individual to uncover and uproot, sometimes unconscious, issues stemming from past experiences and conditioning that inform limiting beliefs and thought patterns that are causing dysfunction/discomfort.
Through authentic and transparent collaboration, Agnes empowers the individual and promotes mental wellness through empathy and evidence-based strategies. She practices DBT-informed therapy and psychodynamic therapy using humanistic and trauma-informed lenses to tie her practice together. In addition, Agnes uses mindfulness, yoga, nature, and art therapy to help the individual heal and discover more about themselves. She guides the individual to uncover and uproot, sometimes unconscious, issues stemming from past experiences and conditioning that inform limiting beliefs and thought patterns that are causing dysfunction/discomfort.
Sara Vargas
Marriage & Family Therapist, LMFT, CST
Verified Verified
2 Endorsed
Vernon Hills, IL 60061 (Online Only)
It can feel intimidating to reach out for help, which is why I approach therapy in a gentle and compassionate manner. My focus is on individuals and couples who want to address their relational, emotional, and sexual wellbeing. It is my frame of thought that the relationships, both with ourselves and with others, are at the core of emotional health. My clients seek to improve emotional connections and empathy, as well as their experience of sex and sexuality. I am clinically trained to work with a wide range of clients and issues.
It can feel intimidating to reach out for help, which is why I approach therapy in a gentle and compassionate manner. My focus is on individuals and couples who want to address their relational, emotional, and sexual wellbeing. It is my frame of thought that the relationships, both with ourselves and with others, are at the core of emotional health. My clients seek to improve emotional connections and empathy, as well as their experience of sex and sexuality. I am clinically trained to work with a wide range of clients and issues.
Mark Branson
Licensed Social Worker, LSW
Verified Verified
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
Mark Branson is a Licensed Social Worker in Illinois. He has a B.A. in Psychology from the University of Iowa and an MSW from Aurora University. Mark offers a person-centered approach that incorporates cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavioral therapy to help people who experience challenges ranging from anxiety to depression to daily stressors that are interfering with their happiness and the actualization of their potential. Mark utilizes a variety of modalities to help people struggling with a great number of mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, and addictions.
Mark Branson is a Licensed Social Worker in Illinois. He has a B.A. in Psychology from the University of Iowa and an MSW from Aurora University. Mark offers a person-centered approach that incorporates cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavioral therapy to help people who experience challenges ranging from anxiety to depression to daily stressors that are interfering with their happiness and the actualization of their potential. Mark utilizes a variety of modalities to help people struggling with a great number of mental health challenges, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, and addictions.
Zaida Medina
Counselor, EdD, LCPC, LPC, MA
Verified Verified
9 Endorsed
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
Do you want to feel less stress and anxiety in life. Do things feel chaotic. I believe that clients are the experts in their own lives. My role begins by helping people to identify and verbalize the issues that may be getting in their way. I will listen carefully to your concerns and then together we will create a customized plan to best meet your needs.Our goal is to help you get your life back on track by implementing effective strategies that are geared towards you. I enjoy working with adults, teens, children and couples who are struggling with life’s stressors and are in need of some additional support and understanding.
Do you want to feel less stress and anxiety in life. Do things feel chaotic. I believe that clients are the experts in their own lives. My role begins by helping people to identify and verbalize the issues that may be getting in their way. I will listen carefully to your concerns and then together we will create a customized plan to best meet your needs.Our goal is to help you get your life back on track by implementing effective strategies that are geared towards you. I enjoy working with adults, teens, children and couples who are struggling with life’s stressors and are in need of some additional support and understanding.
15 Second Videos
Rick Egbert
Agnieszka Krzeminska
Karen Robbins
Alexander Kiseloff
Ronald Villejo
Keith V Bjorge
Meghan M. Scileppi
Brighter Pathways, PLLC
Carolyn Cole
Kristen Sanders
Sharon Rubin
Shane L. Tytenicz
Damaris Colón-Soto
Daniel Campos
Jessica Thrall
Ann S Matus
Michael Wilson
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
I am Licensed Professional Counselor and a retired Military Veteran. While serving in the military, my experiences of working with other counseling military professionals and their families set the foundation for my future in the counseling profession as a civilian. Since my retirement from the Military, I have worked as a civil servant to the State of Illinois with the Department of Family Services, connecting families and communities to much needed services. My wealth of knowledge in the community mental health field continues to serve the people of my community that I strive diligently to support.
I am Licensed Professional Counselor and a retired Military Veteran. While serving in the military, my experiences of working with other counseling military professionals and their families set the foundation for my future in the counseling profession as a civilian. Since my retirement from the Military, I have worked as a civil servant to the State of Illinois with the Department of Family Services, connecting families and communities to much needed services. My wealth of knowledge in the community mental health field continues to serve the people of my community that I strive diligently to support.
Peonita Harris
Marriage & Family Therapist, PsyD, LMFT, CSAT, CPTT, DWCF
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
The Couple and Family Clinic is creating connections that heal. We specialize in relational conflict and trauma, partner betrayal trauma, sexual compulsion, cultural trauma and grief and loss. Pain and adjustment is a part of life. I am here to walk with you through the process so that you will arrive at your goal feeling healthy and whole. The client's experience from beginning to the end of treatment are all very important to me and the healing process. We all desire healthy, happy and loving relationships, and this takes courage and will pull us out of our comfort zone. Sometimes loving ourselves is the best place to start.
The Couple and Family Clinic is creating connections that heal. We specialize in relational conflict and trauma, partner betrayal trauma, sexual compulsion, cultural trauma and grief and loss. Pain and adjustment is a part of life. I am here to walk with you through the process so that you will arrive at your goal feeling healthy and whole. The client's experience from beginning to the end of treatment are all very important to me and the healing process. We all desire healthy, happy and loving relationships, and this takes courage and will pull us out of our comfort zone. Sometimes loving ourselves is the best place to start.
Josh Flanagan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
1 Endorsed
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
I believe counseling is a place where you are able to process and navigate the challenges of life with someone who is nonjudgmental. My therapy office is a safe place for you to bring your mess, hurt, and the unfiltered version of yourself. Through this process we will work together to enhance your strengths, identify growth areas, and, most importantly, develop and expand your community support system, helping you to gain the connection we all need to flourish in life.
I believe counseling is a place where you are able to process and navigate the challenges of life with someone who is nonjudgmental. My therapy office is a safe place for you to bring your mess, hurt, and the unfiltered version of yourself. Through this process we will work together to enhance your strengths, identify growth areas, and, most importantly, develop and expand your community support system, helping you to gain the connection we all need to flourish in life.
Marina Borrero Bobadilla
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
Marina Borrero Bobadilla is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Illinois who has been practicing since 2023. She has a BA in Applied Behavioral Science and an MSED in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. When life is chaotic, Marina offers a soft place to land that is warm and welcoming. Through a person-centered lens, Marina utilizes various techniques and has found an alignment with Gestalt Theory. This theory views the human mind and behavior as a whole. Having this holistic approach allows the space to make connections to the complex layers of ourselves by processing the here and now.
Marina Borrero Bobadilla is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Illinois who has been practicing since 2023. She has a BA in Applied Behavioral Science and an MSED in Clinical Mental Health Counseling. When life is chaotic, Marina offers a soft place to land that is warm and welcoming. Through a person-centered lens, Marina utilizes various techniques and has found an alignment with Gestalt Theory. This theory views the human mind and behavior as a whole. Having this holistic approach allows the space to make connections to the complex layers of ourselves by processing the here and now.
Shalini Varma M. D. Psychiatry
MD, BD Cert, NBPAS, ABPN
Verified Verified
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
ACCEPTING PEOPLE OF ALL AGES WITHIN ONE WEEK! Depression, Anxiety, ADHD, Autism, School and Work Accommodations, Difficulty sleeping, Addictions & Medication. Evening appointments are available. Care provided by me, a Physician, a Double Board Certified MD Psychiatrist may be a more effective approach for you. I am structured and organized with treatment. I also provide neuropsychological and psychological TESTING. I am available for urgent needs. Work together to decrease struggling. US born and educated at Rutgers Medical School & completed Psychiatry Residency at Advocate Lutheran General Hospital.
ACCEPTING PEOPLE OF ALL AGES WITHIN ONE WEEK! Depression, Anxiety, ADHD, Autism, School and Work Accommodations, Difficulty sleeping, Addictions & Medication. Evening appointments are available. Care provided by me, a Physician, a Double Board Certified MD Psychiatrist may be a more effective approach for you. I am structured and organized with treatment. I also provide neuropsychological and psychological TESTING. I am available for urgent needs. Work together to decrease struggling. US born and educated at Rutgers Medical School & completed Psychiatry Residency at Advocate Lutheran General Hospital.
Craig Bowman
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, PhD, LCSW
Verified Verified
Vernon Hills, IL 60061 (Online Only)
With approximately 30 years of experience working with a diverse population across various roles in the helping profession, I bring a depth of compassion and empathy gained from both professional and personal experience. My aim is to create a safe space for clients by valuing them unconditionally and guiding them toward improved self-awareness and self-compassion. I work with individuals dealing with issues related to addiction, anger management, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, dual diagnosis, life transitions, and self-esteem. My focus is on helping clients navigate these challenges and achieve meaningful growth.
With approximately 30 years of experience working with a diverse population across various roles in the helping profession, I bring a depth of compassion and empathy gained from both professional and personal experience. My aim is to create a safe space for clients by valuing them unconditionally and guiding them toward improved self-awareness and self-compassion. I work with individuals dealing with issues related to addiction, anger management, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, dual diagnosis, life transitions, and self-esteem. My focus is on helping clients navigate these challenges and achieve meaningful growth.
Paige Swan
Licensed Professional Counselor, LPC
Verified Verified
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
Paige Swan is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Illinois. When life feels overwhelming talking with the right person can help. Paige Swan is here to work with you in hopes of providing long-lasting solutions for a better quality of life. She strives to provide a warm, comfortable, non-judgmental environment where you can express your whole self. Through collaboration you will work together to create a wellness plan that is right for you. These practices can help provide a happier and healthier lifestyle. Paige uniquely offers a safe space and personalized tools to help individuals and families reach their personal goals.
Paige Swan is a Licensed Professional Counselor in Illinois. When life feels overwhelming talking with the right person can help. Paige Swan is here to work with you in hopes of providing long-lasting solutions for a better quality of life. She strives to provide a warm, comfortable, non-judgmental environment where you can express your whole self. Through collaboration you will work together to create a wellness plan that is right for you. These practices can help provide a happier and healthier lifestyle. Paige uniquely offers a safe space and personalized tools to help individuals and families reach their personal goals.
Catherine A Corbett
Clinical Social Work/Therapist, LCSW, LLC
Verified Verified
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
When you feel that something in your life needs to change, getting started can seem overwhelming. I help people identify their strengths and explore solutions in a safe, non-judgmental atmosphere.
My style is interactive and conversational: it's important that clients feel accepted and free to speak openly.
Over the years, I have learned that the human spirit is an amazing and resilient force. We all have the capacity to make creative changes that are unique to each of us.
I enjoy seeing clients regain confidence in their ability to make good decisions during challenging periods in their lives.
When you feel that something in your life needs to change, getting started can seem overwhelming. I help people identify their strengths and explore solutions in a safe, non-judgmental atmosphere.
My style is interactive and conversational: it's important that clients feel accepted and free to speak openly.
Over the years, I have learned that the human spirit is an amazing and resilient force. We all have the capacity to make creative changes that are unique to each of us.
I enjoy seeing clients regain confidence in their ability to make good decisions during challenging periods in their lives.
Lexi McGough
Licensed Social Worker, LSW, MSW
Verified Verified
Vernon Hills, IL 60061
I understand that life is a never-ending series of events that can be chaotic, energizing, confusing, wonderful, horrible, and stressful, and we must work hard every day to create happiness despite it all. I do not expect everyone to open up and trust immediately, therefore we will go at whatever pace you feel most comfortable. I am dedicated to helping people regain power in their lives and help those who want change in their life but are unsure if change is possible or how to create change towards betterment. Change is never easy, nor does it always happen quickly. I look forward to supporting you as best I can.
I understand that life is a never-ending series of events that can be chaotic, energizing, confusing, wonderful, horrible, and stressful, and we must work hard every day to create happiness despite it all. I do not expect everyone to open up and trust immediately, therefore we will go at whatever pace you feel most comfortable. I am dedicated to helping people regain power in their lives and help those who want change in their life but are unsure if change is possible or how to create change towards betterment. Change is never easy, nor does it always happen quickly. I look forward to supporting you as best I can.
See more therapy options for Vernon Hills
How does your Therapist compare?
Number of Therapists in Vernon Hills, IL
100+
Average cost per session
$150
Therapists in Vernon Hills, IL who prioritize treating:
94% | Anxiety |
92% | Depression |
80% | Relationship Issues |
75% | Self Esteem |
70% | Coping Skills |
67% | Grief |
65% | Life Transitions |
Average years in practice
16 Years
Top 3 insurances accepted
93% | BlueCross and BlueShield |
63% | Aetna |
47% | Cigna and Evernorth |
How Therapists in Vernon Hills, IL see their clients
86% | In Person and Online | |
14% | Online Only |
Gender breakdown
78% | Female | |
22% | Male |
FAQs - About Therapy and Counseling
How can I find a therapist in Vernon Hills?
Search for nearby therapists or counselors by inputting your city, town, or suburb; or zip code; or a provider’s name into the search bar. From there, you can filter providers by the issues they treat, cost, insurance, gender, and other factors to find providers who are well-suited to your needs. To navigate between locations within the same country, enter a new city or zip code into the search bar.
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Learn more about how to find a therapist
Is everyone in the Psychology Today Therapy Directory a licensed therapist?
The Psychology Today directory lists providers who offer legitimate mental health services to the public, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, and counselors.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
Many have been licensed by the country or state where they practice; providers whose license or primary credential has been verified by Psychology Today are signified by a “Verified” symbol. Some clinicians or organizations provide services for which their state or country does not offer licenses, such as pastoral counseling. They may be selectively included without the “Verified” seal.
What’s the difference between a psychologist, a therapist, and a counselor?
Therapists, psychologists, and counselors are all licensed mental health professionals. In the US, psychologists have earned a doctoral degree. The terms “therapist” and “counselor” are used somewhat interchangeably, but generally therapists offer longer-term, mental health care, while counselors offer shorter-term care that may focus on one domain, such as marriage, career, or academic challenges.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
Clients should consider factors such as insurance coverage and their primary reason(s) for seeking therapy to determine the type of professional best suited to their needs. Someone struggling with mental health challenges such as depression or anxiety, for example, may wish to seek out a clinical psychologist or therapist, while someone navigating career obstacles or marital upheaval may benefit from seeing a counselor who can offer short-term, targeted support.
What type of therapy is right for me?
The type of therapy best suited to a particular individual depends on several factors, including their primary reason for seeking therapy, their preferred timeline (some therapy types last for a set number of sessions, while others are open-ended), and their personality and preferences—some may prefer a more structured approach. For many individuals, multiple types of therapy could provide a good fit.
How much does therapy cost?
The cost of therapy depends on a number of variables, including location and the therapist’s experience and training. On average, a therapy session in the United States could cost between $100 and $200 or more. If you have insurance, the expense of mental health care is typically lower, but it varies based on your insurance plan details and whether you choose an in-network or out-of-network mental healthcare provider.
What are more affordable or low cost therapy solutions?
Many therapists offer sliding scale payments, usually on a limited number of slots, which consists in an agreement between the therapist and a client to pay a reduced rate. Therapists who provide such arrangements often consider the client's income or ability to pay, but the extent of the discount is ultimately at the therapist's discretion. Furthermore, while group therapy may have different goals and benefits compared to individual therapy, it can be a more affordable solution to address certain types of issues.
Is online therapy cheaper than in-person therapy?
Many therapists charge the same amount for online therapy as they do for in-person therapy—though clients may still find this cost-effective if it cuts down on their transportation costs. Health insurance plans often offer equivalent coverage for online and in-person therapy; indeed, in many places, they are legally required to do so. Text-based or on-demand therapy apps may be cheaper than traditional one-on-one psychotherapy; however, the practice may be less effective and is not likely to be covered by insurance.
Is online therapy a good option?
Therapy conducted online can be just as effective as in-person therapy, as long as there is a strong alliance between the client and the therapist. To find a therapist who provides telehealth services to clients in your area, click “Online Therapy” on the directory homepage and search by your city or town or your zip code.
Are therapy sessions confidential?
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the therapeutic relationship. Therapists in the United States are bound by the regulations set out by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), which aims to protect sensitive health information. With very few exceptions, a therapist will only discuss their client with others when the client has given their written permission. The instances in which a therapist would be required to disclose personal information are: if a client poses a danger to themselves or others, if the therapist suspects the abuse of a child or an elderly or otherwise dependent adult, or if they are legally forced to by court order. These exceptions to the confidentiality agreement are usually discussed with a client before their first session.